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ended up fooling the government. The original article of 2 Nov 2001 made no claim about
Stewart's rank--it was first added on 1 Jun 2004 at the correct rank of Brig. Gen. Then someone added the incorrect rank on 3 Apr 2007. That made no citation to authority at all. It was removed a total of six times if you include the final removal from 13 Jul 2022. The false claim infected the USAF Reserve recruiting video (released in Apr 2013, notably after a four year span where the false claim appeared on this page between 21 Jun 2012 and 3 Oct 2016). During the same time period it also infected an Air Force Magazine article published in Jan 2015. Both of those sources (recruiting video and the AF Magazine article) ended up as references for the claim on this page at different times. It kind of blows my mind that the government itself would end up referencing a dubious claim that never even had any support (scholarly or otherwise) when it first appeared here.
1557:"I did some research and was not able to find any material in which states that President Reagan promoted Jimmy Stewart to the retired grade of Major General. I did some 'outside' research to see what I could find and, as you mentioned, this was supposedly done when he received the Medal of Freedom on 5/23/1985. With this info, I checked the speech from that day and no mention of this was found. I also researched anything on Jimmy Stewart to see if there was any material related to this and again, could not find anything. Now, this could have been done via the Pentagon and/or via the Secretary of Defence but the Library does not contain that material as only Presidential material is kept here. I would suggest, if you haven't done so already, to check with the Pentagon to see if they have any material for this."
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Congress, meaning it requires a bill as a prerequisite (the president cannot accomplish it unilaterally). For example, President Trump promoted
Tuskegee airman Charles McGee to Brig. Gen. in 2020. But like any honorary promotion, this had to have congressional authorization. It's here in the defense bill for FY2020, 133 Stat. 1421:
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The article says Jimmy
Stewart entered the service after the US entered WW2. The problem is that the US didn't enter the war until December 1941. So it's important to note that Jimmy entered the military in early 1941, leaving Hollywood BEFORE the US was in WW2. Jimmy thought service was important
1656:
Ok, so I wrote to the USAF Reserve, their museum and history director, and the USAF Reserve historians-- no response from anyone. So I lodged a FOIA request (pending). I audited the history of the incorrect claims of his rank on this page, and it's an interesting case study of how
Knowledge (XXG)
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I looked into this because I already debunked the same claim for Billy
Mitchell, who was not promoted to Major General either. So, there seems to be no basis for this claim other than a dubious article (claiming that he was promoted at the same time as his MoF award in 1985, which is objectively
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I searched all of the bills from the 1980s on
Proquest congressional, and found none mentioning Stewart except for a failed attempt to authorize the Congressional Gold Medal in the late 1980s. Significant because a retired promotion (even a strictly honorary promotion) has to be authorized by
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Anyway, I think this is pretty definitive, but not sure how to cite it. It's pretty obvious that if Reagan had done this, there would be a record at the Reagan library. This, and the absence of an implementing bill, or even a photo of
Stewart wearing the rank, is fairly definitive.
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and everyman screen persona, Stewart's film career spanned eighty films from 1935 to 1991. With the strong morality he portrayed both on and off screen, he epitomized the "American ideal" in the mid–20th century. This publicity photograph of
Stewart was taken for the 1948 film
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He was promoted to Major
General (Honoree) for his work done after retirement for the Air force by the Chief of staff of the US Air force. He could use the title if he wanted to but his retirement pay stayed the same as a BG general.
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I emailed the Reagan
Library yesterday since their holdings only include information on the Medal of Freedom. There was no promotion contemporaneous with that award, which is clear from the script they have on file here:
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so he entered even before the US was geared for war. So he wasn't the first Hollywood star to enter service in the patriotic fervor after Pearl Harbor, he went on the conviction of his own personal patriotism.
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https://www.google.com/books/edition/Weekly_Compilation_of_Presidential_Docum/1H88fiQuV0IC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=jimmy+stewart+%22major+general%22&pg=RA20-PA4&printsec=frontcover
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Sure. Here's another source. It quotes Reagan being corrected by Stewart after he incorrectly introduced him as a Major General. Sounds like that should put this to rest:
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https://www.google.com/books/edition/In_the_Company_of_Legends/q_hUEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=jimmy+stewart+%22major+general%22&pg=PT237&printsec=frontcover
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untrue) and an Air Force video that probably got its erroneous information from Knowledge (XXG). I checked the AF museum's bio of Stewart, which only lists him as a BG:
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1627:. I normally try to keep up with this page and remove uncited information, but I wasn't able to keep up with page changes then. Circular citations are the worst!
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https://osidenews.com/2017/10/01/historically-speaking-actor-major-general-back/?fbclid=IwAR1REJSRaOFB40OmTW5ztC014leM4Syn3mkSGAYp_8tAQGjUlO5MCj-QMH0
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https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/196679/brig-gen-james-m-stewart/fbclid/brig-gen-james-m-stewart/
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No, "Scotch" is an adjective meaning "pertaining to Scotland". Its use in this context is correct, though old-fashioned.
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https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Reagan_Wit/-fS7fP5oHhUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%20%22major%20general%22
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https://jimmy.org/jimmy-stewarts-biography/?fbclid=IwAR3xSuN-71xIG9aU-OSrsNFRuCS_yt2GwxUPJs41Xif1nOA7LJhwyB-rFuY
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There is no such thing as an "amateur" licensed pilot, and that word should be deleted from the article.
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https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/speech/remarks-presentation-ceremony-presidential-medal-freedom-1
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1506:) has been paid by BYU. Their editing has included contributions to this article. COI declarations
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Another update. Wrote to Mr. Morrow, who is one of the authors cited to support the claim here:
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This is incorrect. The term is Scots-Irish Scotch is another name for Scottish Whisky
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Finally, found the video of the MoF presentation, which shows there was no promotion:
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Add under work heading "Carbine Williams" a 1952 film directed by Richard Thorpe.
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1785:(1908–1997) was an American actor and military pilot. Known for his distinctive
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James Stewart co-starred with Simone Simon in the 1938 movie "Seventh Heaven."
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This film-related article has been worked on by editors affiliated with the
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Thank you so much for your diligent research on this topic. It looks like
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https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ92/PLAW-116publ92.pdf
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File:Annex - Stewart, James (Call Northside 777) 01.jpg
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1554:. Their archivist wrote me this in response today:
1534:, and his own papers at BYU (similarly saying BG):
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1508:on userpage
1489:on userpage
570:task forces
148:free images
31:not a forum
1987:Categories
1494:Skyes(BYU)
564:open tasks
336:column on
243:under the
1883:file page
1742:Main Page
1342:Biography
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634:Biography
521:Biography
395:is rated
326:Main Page
88:if needed
71:Be polite
21:talk page
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257:reassess
186:Archives
56:get help
29:This is
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1951:Zacwill
1873:history
1837:Archive
1465:WP:PAID
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328:in the
280:Process
154:WPÂ refs
142:scholar
1965:Movies
1278:Alerts
403:scale.
302:Listed
283:Result
126:Google
1878:watch
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384:This
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169:JSTOR
130:books
84:Seek
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162:FENS
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