1365:"The eruption lasted perhaps two weeks, but the ensuing "volcanic winter" resulted in a decrease in average global temperatures by 3 to 3.5 degrees Celsius for several years. Greenland ice cores record a pulse of starkly reduced levels of organic carbon sequestration. Very few plants or animals in southeast Asia would have survived, and it is possible that the eruption caused a planet-wide die-off. There is some evidence, based on mitochondrial DNA, that the human race may have passed through a genetic bottleneck within this timeframe, reducing genetic diversity below what would be expected from the age of the species. According to the Toba catastrophe theory proposed by Stanley H. Ambrose of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1998, human populations may have been reduced to only a few tens of thousands of individuals by the Toba eruption"? Is there a source for this ---: -->
1925:) In southern India, they've found stone tools above and below the 1-meter air-fall layer (i.e., ash that was undisturbed by wind or rain). Most of the tools below the layer are Lower Paleolithic while those above are Middle Paleolithic. At the time, anatomically modern humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans were all using Middle Paleolithic tools, so some sort of Homo erectus probably became extinct. However, in some locations they found Middle Paleolithic tools both above and below, and in the same style, indicating somebody survived. They've also found evidence of mammals in the area not having been disrupted, as at the Billasurgam caves. (
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1360:"In 1949 the Dutch geologist Rein van Bemmelen reported that Lake Toba was surrounded by a layer of ignimbrite rocks, and that it was a large volcanic caldera. Later researchers found rhyolite ash similar to that in the ignimbrite around Toba (now called Young Toba Tuff to distinguish it from layers deposited in previous explosions) in Malaysia and India, 3,000 km away. Oceanographers discovered Toba ash, with its characteristic chemical "fingerprint", on the floor of the eastern Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal"? Does Reference 11 cover
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houndred govenoor from all of the world. They plan to establish ne concept about Lake Toba in the future. But at the other side, the concept they have planed does not invite people in the ecosystem. we predict that mot of the masterplan does not conduct local sociocultural aspects. They just make Lake Toba as they want without hear public interest. we plan to make the similiar summit as the goverment planed to, but in different way. we plan to invite all local traditional leader to join a summit paralel with the goverment.
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1366:"The volcanoes of Sumatra and Java are part of the Sunda Arc, a result of the northeasterly movement of the Indo-Australian Plate which is sliding under the eastward-moving Eurasian Plate. The subduction zone in this area is very active: the seabed near the west coast of Sumatra has had several major earthquakes since 1995, including the 9.3 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and the 8.7 2005 Sumatra earthquake, the epicenters of which were around 300 km from Toba"?
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exceeded the 174,300 km³ erupted by the
Columbia River Basalt Group i.e. an article by a geologist which states this eruption exceeds VEI 8 and is infact the VEI 10 it would need to be to support the statement, then please provide the evidence. If you don't understand, either leave me a message or talk to one of the senior members of
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Is average depth really 500 m? How was this calculated? With a maximum depth of 505 m this would indicate a prism/cylindrical shape more perfect than your average kitchen pot, fairly unlikely for a volcanic lake. Dividing volume 240 km by surface 1130 km we get a much more realistic (for your average
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which erupted from 17 to 6 million years ago is much larger, and there could have been individual eruptions within it that were larger than Toba. Toba is the largest explosive eruption listed by Mason, Pyle and
Oppenheimer (2004 - citation below) since 27-28 million years ago. If no one objects, I'll
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Please, correct the intro. The country the lake is located in wasn't even specified in the first sentence. I have corrected it now, but it's still a mess. Should the first sentence talk about the calderra of a supervolcano? Can't the location be summarised at the beginning, and the geological nature
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It's still being discussed and is taken seriously by scientists, but with much more skepticism than before. First, humans have low genetic diversity, with an "effective population size" of 10,000 (compared with chimps at 20,000). That means our genetic diversity could theoretically be accounted for
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Somebody has stated that this (Young Toba eruption) is the biggest in the last in the last 2 million years. I have looked for bigger eruptions futher back and so far no eruption has surpassed it since around 27 million years ago so doesn't that make it the biggest volcanic eruption in the last 25
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Right now we formed a forum about Lake Toba
Sustainability. Our institution concerned about destruction in lake Toba. Most of us came from Bataknese and people who take attention seriously to Lake Toba Ecosystem. Indonesian goverment, especially North SUmatera province in march invite more than a
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The photo named
Ambarita2.jpg has an error in editing. This image was created from a set of overlapping images and there is an error in the middle of the photo. There's a large section that is duplicated, as if the two images were pasted together in the wrong place. I did a tentative correction
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According to the Toba catastrophe theory to which some anthropologists and archeologists subscribe, it had global consequences, killing most humans then alive and creating a population bottleneck in
Central Eastern Africa and India that affected the genetic inheritance of all humans today. This
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which began around 14 MYA and lasted up until 6 MYA were far, far larger than Lake Toba. If we restrict the statement to explosive eruptions then it's fine, but in it's present state it's not. I'll change it to explosive eruptions, if you want to change it back and have proof that this eruption
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is linked to as the "main article" in the eruption section. The problem is that that article isn't really about the eruption but the theory of the eruption's impact on the development of man. As such, the article should be mentioned, but not as the main article with respect to that section.
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I asked this a year ago but there's been no explanation or correction, so I will ask it again-Why is one of the photographs in the article captioned 'Lake Toba from the island of Prapat?' The maps I see show Prapat being on the periphery of the lake, not an island?
1921:) Next, a sediment core from Lake Malawi indicates that temperatures in East Africa only declined by about 1 degree C for about 1 year (they found confirmed Toba ash in the sediment), that Toba triggered a drought, but no disruption of the ecosystem. (
2019:"This study support by Lane and Zielinski. Lane and Zielinski studied the lake-core from Africa and GISP2. Lane had prove that no volcanic winter after Toba eruption, and Zielinski prove that high H2SO4 deposit does not cause long-term effect."
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for the last sentence concludes "We conclude that it is unlikely that the Toba super-eruption caused a human, animal or plant population bottleneck." I don't think "largely debated" tells us much about what mainstream scholars think.
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The 2 mya statement may have come from the
Volcano World page cited in the following paragraph (which incidentally has a horribly misleading size graphic). I'd agree with your statement if we restrict it to explosive eruptions; the
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does not seem sufficiently notable for a standalone article but if it can be better sourced would be a useful addition to the article on the Lake, so that stub should be merged into this article.
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This article is now out-of-date. Its references to having caused a global cool down an being responsible for killing much of humanity has been proven wrong. Please go to this link for the reprot:
1974:'It has been accepted that the eruption of Toba led to a volcanic winter with a worldwide decrease in temperature between 3 to 5 °C (5.4 to 9.0 °F), and up to 15 °C (27 °F) in higher latitudes.'
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Somebody has put in that it was possibly the largest explosive vlcanic eruption withtin the history of the earth. This is incorrect. The eruption produced 2800 cubic km of material where as the
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If by "this" you mean the first topic on this talk page: You'll notice they didn't attempt to insert it into the article, did they? Seems to me mentioning it in Talk is entirely appropriate!
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Why is one of the photographs in the article captioned 'Lake Toba from the island of Prapat?' The maps I see show Prapat being on the periphery of the lake, not an island.
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I've changed the line in the lead paragraph from "it is the site of a supervolcanic eruption that occurred 75,000 years before the present" to "...that occurred 7
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It would be good to make it clear, in the infobox, whether the surface area includes or excludes
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Look I'm sick of people changing this page, stating that this eruption was the largest of any kind anywhere in the last 25 million years. It wasn't. The
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After reading the article, I have gone off and passed the article. Congratulations. If you feel that this review is in error, feel free to take it to a
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theory however, has been largely debated as there is no evidence for any other animal decline or extinction, even in environmentally sensitive species.
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Subdecadal phytolith and charcoal records from Lake Malawi, East Africa imply minimal effects on human evolution from the ∼74 ka Toba supereruption
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by 10,000 ancestors. However, that's just a theoretical minimum. The actual number could be higher by quite a few orders of magnitude. (
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1883:" But what % of anthropologists and archeologists subscribe to this theory? It sounds like it could be a minority view. The source
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eliminating the redundant pixels that resulted in an image 4254 pixels wide vs. the 5208 pixels of the image as posted here.
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Discovery of
Youngest Toba Tuff localities in the Sagileru Valley, south India, in association with Palaeolithic industries
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Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
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and changing it to "much of humanity"; if this is wrong for some reason or you have a better wording, please change it.
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eruption 27.5 million years ago produced 5000 cubic km which makes it larger. Please don't add claims that are not true.
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article? The article tends to have "red links", if they don't have articles, it would be best to un-link them, per
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to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the
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Parapat is not an island but a town along the lake. This probably came from a bad translation as the
Indonesian
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format. Also, Reference 3 needs to be fixed. Reference 6, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 are missing Publisher info.
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Local Extinction and Recolonization, Species Effective Population Size, and Modern Human Origins
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In the Geology section, "In 1949", it would be best if there was a comma placed after 1949.
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Ben G. Mason (2004). "The size and frequency of the largest explosive eruptions on Earth".
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This article is in decent shape, but it needs more work before it becomes a Good Article.
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Well seeing as no explosive eruption since La Garita has surpassed Toba I'll put that in.
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I'm sorry but is this relevant to the page? It seems more like a propaganda of some sort
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is way too small to warrant its own article not to mention the article is also an orphan.
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https://web.archive.org/web/20090303224151/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/asi/asi-10.html
1761:. I don't know which photograph you are talking about, but don't hesitate to correct. --
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It represents viewpoints fairly and without editorial bias, giving due weight to each:
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If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with
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https://web.archive.org/web/20080813012857/http://www.indonesianmusic.com/batak.htm
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The two words in the lead, "largely debated", caught my eye. The article reads, "
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No it isn't, not as a temperature difference as seems to be the intent here...
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1226:. In The eruption section, it would be best if "caldera" is linked once, per
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A. The prose is clear and concise, and the spelling and grammar are correct:
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It does not change significantly from day to day because of an ongoing
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Perhaps "largely contested" is an accurate description? Anyone know?
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The lead seems a bit short, can more info. be added to summarize the
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vaguely inverted-cone-shaped volcanic caldera) 210 m average depth.
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for additional information. I made the following changes:
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2108:InternetArchiveBot
1417:D. It contains no
1208:list incorporation
1115:Talk:Lake Toba/GA1
1020:Unknown parameter
657:Indonesia articles
417:and see a list of
317:content assessment
248:Article milestones
99:dispute resolution
60:
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1983:comment added by
1874:"Largely debated"
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2181:93.142.85.96
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2155:
2152:
2127:source check
2106:
2100:
2097:
2050:
2047:
2024:— Preceding
2021:
2018:
1979:— Preceding
1976:
1973:
1970:
1950:
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1676:surface area
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1462:B. It stays
1448:main aspects
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1141:well written
1140:
1134:
1130:for criteria
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1088:— Preceding
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1028:suggested) (
1013:cite journal
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534:project page
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402:project page
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373:Lakes portal
323:WikiProjects
306:
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231:
229:
225:please do so
213:
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107:
32:This is the
1833:BrainMarble
1736:—Preceding
1545:with their
1111:transcluded
1022:|coauthors=
952:84.20.17.84
748:volcanology
522:is part of
408:participate
161:free images
44:not a forum
2390:Categories
2164:Report bug
1813:Write here
1651:ThinkBlue
1618:ThinkBlue
1423:plagiarism
1374:ThinkBlue
1271:verifiable
862:Mount Toba
842:GeorgeTSLC
825:sicerelly
420:open tasks
414:discussion
219:under the
2348:John B123
2240:Merge of
2147:this tool
2140:this tool
2053:Lake Toba
1728:Deedeebee
1644:GA review
1369:Check. --
1079:GA Review
1066:Deedeebee
1048:La Garita
1024:ignored (
869:Lake Toba
867:Present,
860:The past
832:Relevant?
765:Volcanoes
744:volcanoes
700:Volcanoes
648:Indonesia
635:Indonesia
591:Indonesia
393:-related
379:Lake Toba
311:is rated
209:Lake Toba
101:if needed
84:Be polite
38:Lake Toba
34:talk page
2153:Cheers.—
2026:unsigned
1981:unsigned
1787:Dom Kaos
1763:Madlozoz
1571:relevant
1516:edit war
1302:cite web
1128:WP:WIAGA
1090:unsigned
1026:|author=
923:unsigned
396:articles
313:GA-class
233:reassess
69:get help
42:This is
40:article.
2361:Support
2344:Support
2326:Brandon
2315:Support
2057:my edit
1954:Vhilden
1931:Zyxwv99
1861:Wiki235
1817:kanker
1738:undated
1704:WP:BOLD
1592:Overall
1487:neutral
1204:fiction
1052:Wiki235
1039:Wiki235
967:Wiki235
942:Meaning
792:on the
675:on the
566:on the
539:Geology
530:geology
483:Geology
458:on the
256:Process
167:WP refs
155:scholar
2227:Adûnâi
1904:Jesanj
1889:Jesanj
1831:Done.
1755:Island
1708:Vultur
1549:, and
1543:tagged
1535:images
1509:stable
1507:Is it
1484:Is it
1439:Is it
1325:Sunday
1268:Is it
1252:Sunday
1220:entire
1206:, and
1196:layout
1172:Sunday
1139:Is it
983:Avenue
906:Harmil
893:Harmil
754:, and
319:scale.
278:Listed
259:Result
139:Google
2197:Depth
1751:Pulau
1274:with
1238:Done.
1158:Done.
1113:from
426:Lakes
342:Lakes
300:This
182:JSTOR
143:books
97:Seek
2369:talk
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2268:Onel
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1664:BLUE
1658:(Hit
1631:BLUE
1625:(Hit
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1381:(Hit
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1318:Lord
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1232:here
1228:here
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886:The
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558:High
450:High
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253:Date
175:FENS
149:news
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2121:RfC
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1001:doi
784:Top
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