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In the USA, we are economically exploiting hydrocarbon reservoirs with permeabilities 1/10 to 1/1000th less than 100 mD suggested here. This is an everyday occurance. One of the largest natural gas plays in the USA, The
Barnett Shale, has reservoir permeabilities in the micro darcy range. (0.001
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There is a misleading statement; "The tensor is positive definite as the component of the flow parallel to the pressure drop is always in the same direction as the pressure drop". This is not always true; if the author means pressure gradient when using "pressure drop", this statement is only true
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Aquifers are anything but inert. Groundwater is in constant motion, driven by hydraulic gradients, density gradients, and temperature gradients. As the waters move, they encounter rocks with which they have not yet attained chemical equilibrium, and a vast array of chemical reactions take place,
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when considering the principal directions as obtained from solving the eigenproblem. I suggest changing it to "The tensor is positive definite because the energy being expended (the inner product of fluid flow and pressure gradient) is always positive".
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One might argue however that these reservoirs require stimulatin to be economic, but I think the blanket statement that 100 mD is a minimum is rediculus. An Oil reservoir with 10 mD is easilly exploitable with just a little knowledge.
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causing mineral corrosion in some cases, precipitation of minerals in others, and in-situ transformation of other minerals. The kinds of reactions depend on the rock composition and the water chemistry.
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Also, fluid permeability is not just a function of consolidated rock media. Darcy's law was derived from flow through sand beds used to purify water in Paris, France.
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what do you mean by that; the chemistry of the aquifer material? In most cases aquifers (not sure about oil reservoirs) are considered inert and non-reactive --
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a physical measure of a material. It does not need to be taged to any specific discipline, and I hope everyone should be happy with this. Fluids can be
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It kind of implies this is a phenomena exclusive to rocks, when is false, and can be measured/applied in peat, landfills, etc.
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and related articles on
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I have created the change above, with a slight change, because the energy expended is the product of fluid flow and
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mD). These wells produce on average over 1/2 mmcf/d, with initial production rates often more than 3 to 5 Mcf/d.
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resource. If you would like to participate, you can choose to edit this article, or visit the
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It is a property used by geologists, hydrologist ... hell, even geographers and engineers.
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Hydrology is the study of the flow of water through the earth.
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It would make it more in-line with related processes, such as
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Geology is the study of rocks, and the history of earth.
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This doesn't tell enough about the oxygen of the rocks.
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