Talk:Physics/wip - Knowledge

994:, I would say there wasn't even any physics at that time! A lot of different people thought they were doing natural philosophy at the end of the seventeenth century and the beginning of the eighteenth century - Boyle, Hobbes, Locke, Newton, etc. We would not call all of them scientists now nor all of their work science. It would probably be good to mention that what we now call physics was not always considered physics; it would be good to tell the history with more of an eye towards historical context in general. And what I meant by "history of science" was, it seemed like the history were hitting on the greatest discoveries of "science" and not explaining how they contributed to the development of the field of physics; more contextualization is needed in that way, too. 748:(two-thirds in 2001) do not have a firm grasp of what is meant by the scientific process. This lack of understanding may explain why a substantial portion of the population believes in various forms of pseudoscience. . . . In 2001, both the NSF survey and the Eurobarometer asked respondents questions designed to test their knowledge of how an experiment is conducted and their understanding of probability-two important aspects of scientific literacy. Only 43 percent of Americans and 37 percent of Europeans answered the experiment question correctly. Both groups did better with probability: 57 percent of Americans and 69 percent of Europeans answered that question correctly." 910:"Spatial" and "temporal", I agree, should really be replaced with "space" and "time": there is no need for over-complication. Now, the problem is that I don't know of any other general property of nature that can be used as an example. The concept of space and time is understood by anyone, even if only superficially. I think I'll reword that bit to essentially ask "Why don't we live in a 2D world?" but in a more user-friendly way. If you can think of an easier example, let me know and I'll use that instead. The target audience (that I am aiming for) is late primary school onwards (who are interested in physics), so 10+ years old. 55:, and to post anything they want to discuss in this talk page. Once all areas have been discussed, and before the contents are copied across to the main article, a specific amount of time can be set by for A.O.B. to allow past decisions & consensus positions to be reviewed if editors feel strongly about something (and feel it wasn't given fair hearing the first time around - or if the editor wasn't around for the specific discussion the first time around). 1254: 32: 1852:

quality of the main physics article, but if that main article has stabilized, and support for this project degenerates to just myself and Ancheta, I would propose its merger with the main article sooner. It all depends on what happens during the summer. I will check back in a few months time to see where this project is going, and ask people's opinions on where to go next.

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editors can at that point bring discussion on the main talk page as to whether the changes are better than what was decided upon here, or worse. Hopefully the majority of the work done on this project will remain intact, but obviously the final version produced here should not be permanently held in place irrespective of changes made by other editors.

91:, a friendly and co-operative environment is encouraged. Ultimately we are all here voluntarily, and all just to try and construct a HQ encyclopedia - if folks start getting worked up then we just need to chillout. A negative environment is neither as constructive nor all that nice a place to work as a positive and friendly one. The use of 572:

quite see how p=mv represents N1L. p=mv in all frames, and so this statement says nothing about the construction of these special, inertial frames (which is where SR gets its name), which is what N1L is really about. Sorry, Ancheta, but I think I must have missed the point of your argument: what is the significance of p=mv that I am missing?

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he rolled along a length of molding, lined with parchment, which he polished until it was very smooth. This got rid of the friction acting on the ball. The set of experiments Galileo performed convinced him that the horizontal component of the ball's motion was independent of the vertical component, which we encode with the vector notation

1691:. Quantum mechanics, of course is the theory for Modern physics. I think it is clear that "Outside the nucleus, we seem to know it all" --Feynman My personal opinion is that we ought not to distinguish Classical and Modern physics. Quantum mechanics reduces to Classical mechanics when we average it out to macroscopic scale -- 430:. Salviati is Galileo's proxy when speaking about the horizontal motion of the bronze ball being independent of the vertical motion, and how the ball would roll indefinitely in the horizontal direction. Now it took Newton to see that the vertical motion of the ball would be indefinite as well, and he has a diagram of an 1664:. It may be helpful to point out just what you like about the tables. Joke137 stated that the 1st two columns were OK but the right-most columns were not useful; he is not alone. Perhaps we might add specific sentences which include the good links; your contributions are invited. --23:27, 15 April 2007 (UTC) 1786:

From my experience, the term "modern physics" is not generally used much in universities; the main distinction, as we all know, being between quantum and classical. I have a sneaking suspicion that the term was popularized through non-technical works. I think that if the term does get used it is only

1377:

I think it's a good idea, especially in the "Current Research" section. However, careful not to include too many equations, they might put some readers off. I'm sure you, and certainly, I would love to see equations splatted all over the place, but some readers would disagree that an equation is more

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physics by reading this page, it is the responsibility of the writers to attempt to explain it to them. What I am attempting to point out is where the editors essentially give up on that. I have read a lot of popular science books on physics and while I know that I will never truly understand physics

1060:

I understand that it takes years to learn physics (I'm watching someone do it right now), but the editors of the page must try to introduce the reader to the concepts at some superficial level. My points here are about writing - the editors expect the reader to click - they do not attempt to describe

946:

As for the rest of the points you make, I intend to rewrite the sections after "scope and goals", and I'll try to address the points that you make if they are still valid. I think that the scientific method probably should come first: depending on how I structure the rest of the sections, I'll try to

656:

The distinction between "general properties of nature" (I suppose you mean things like the "law of conservation of matter" or something like that?) and the "properties of certain objects" needs to be made more clearly - I would give it its own paragraph. Does studying objects lead to the discovery of

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is Newton's take on the components of the inertia of that body, for which he is indebted to Galileo. So how did Newton see through Aristotle's B. The way that Galileo got past the state of rest was to set up an experiment which minimized friction. He used a very smooth, round, hard bronze ball, which

1893:

I am not sure what to do. I am tempted to just grab the bull by the horns and rewrite, and to heck with the "consensus" with people who do not seem to be here or seem disinterested. The last time, a few months ago, I made some careful suggestions, and based on some "consensus" of people who were not

1815:

The "Lead section" should be easy to read and give an overview of the rest of the article. To a degree, it does give that, but much of the Lead discusses other things which perhaps makes it a tad heavy. I am too lazy to be a good writer, but since, as far as I can tell, the physics in the article is

1686:

The break started with Einstein, who can be viewed as a transitional figure between Classical and Modern physics, from our point of view and our century. When Einstein learned physics, it was still classical physics, with the atomic hypothesis and molecules still very much in doubt. Einstein's paper

1675:

As a physicist at university thirty years ago I know that the the term "Modern Physics" used to be reserved for physics that started with "Quantum Physics". "The theory of relativity" and "Nuclear Physics" both belonged to "Classical Physics". I am aware that this does seem to be the way the term is

965:

The history section sounds more like a history of science than a history of physics. Please explain the history of physics in particular in more detail or explain why the features you have chosen to highlight are important to the history of physics (I suspect it is the latter that is relevant here).

925:

Ok, I was a little vague! I want a smart 10 year old to be able to get the jist of the basic principles of physics - not to understand the the more technical bits. I want parts of the article to be of value to everyone aged between 10 to 18. This is a tough ask, but I am trying to aim for contraints

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The picture itself is perfect in a physics article, but perhaps the caption should be reworded. The lowest energy electron in a hydrogen atom is 1s, but if it is excited, it can be 2s, for example. How about "The first few orbitals for electrons of different energy and angular momentum in a hydrogen

1511:

The word "fringe" is ambiguous: it could be interpreted as a theory lacking observational verification but expected to be confirmed, or a crack-pot theory. I'd remove "fringe" altogether. The former theories should be placed in the "Current Research" section; and for the latter, perhaps a paragraph

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construct a reference frame in which bodies at rest and linear motion remain so. In this frame N2L and N3L also apply. Of course, from here we can ask deeper questions (one's which lead people to see N1L as a special case of N2L), but I'll leave that for now. As far as I understand it, I also don't

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section; and, instead of a table, I would prefer to see something with a few lines explaining the basics of the subject. E.g., have sections called Thermo, EM & Optics, Mechanics, etc. with a few lines explaining each and a link to the specific article if it exists. Then, each section would be

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I used to think that too. But if you read Galileo, the importance of equation 1) becomes more apparent. After all, it was 2009 years between Aristotle and Principia. It is not for nothing that Galileo is the father of Physics. But re-reading Sander Bais, I see that he refers to 'Newton's Dynamical

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into QM pre-second quantization, and QFT etc. Each of these subsections will have a line or two explain what it essentially is and a link to the main article. This would be a more responsible way of organizing the information rather than merely dumping it into a table. I don't have the time to do

915:

Perhaps you mean smart ten-year-olds or even brilliant ten-year-olds? The reason I say this is because the vocabulary and syntax of this article is much too advanced for a ten-year-old. Many of the concepts are also way beyond them. Next time you are at a bookstore, you might go to the children's

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Beginning with a multi-dimensionsal universe example is again a bit mind-stretching for many people. Even the words "spatial" and "temporal" are a bit difficult (sadly, I know this from teaching endless sections of freshman composition). I know you link them, but I have feeling that readers don't

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Once the final version is completed then it can be copied across to the main article. At that point it can then be freely edited, At this poiand the wiki process will take over on this work. The quality may well decrease again, but at least there will be a consensus version to compare with, and

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to create a dedicated sub page where the entire contents could be reviewed and improved without the problems of working on a 'live' page which suffers from constant flux. Other editors have suggested that I act as a form of a secretary. The purpose of this is to add a structure to the process,

1007:

You mention "classical mechanics" for the first time in the "Scientific Revolution" section (as well terms like quantum mechanics, quantum field theory, blackbody radiation...). A lay reader may not be familiar with those terms. Try not to make this page one that would take hours to read due to

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Perhaps it is not best to begin the page with a photo and a caption that most people will not understand (I am a graduate student in English literature who avidly reads popular science books)? My logic went like this: I thought hydrogen usually had one electron in the s-1 orbital, so I drew the

1851:

Well, ideally, when some of the major sections have been rewritten (such as the introduction section). Right now, however, I gather that a lot of people, myself included, are too busy to be able to be doing any work on it right now. This project was essentially a response to the deteriorating

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I cannot emphasize enough how important it is to explain the scientific method. I quote from an NSF study: "NSF surveys have asked respondents to explain in their own words what it means to study something scientifically. Based on their answers, it is possible to conclude that most Americans

1019:'Classical mechanics' is a term of the twentieth century, during which 'quantum mechanics' emerged. I personally deplore the term c.m., as the topics of physics are not separate; each of the topics is still useful and vital. CM is a limiting case of other theories, for example. 43:

setting up points for discussion, allowing discussion to take place, calling for consensus after an appropriate amount of time, helping to negotiate and reach consensus, then setting up another point for discussion. Editors who want to join this process are more than welcome -

1182:

I really like this section, but I would try to make it sound even more exciting. Make someone want to be a physicist! What are the burning questions physicists want to answer? "What is dark matter? Why does it make up the majority of the universe?" etc.

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I remain unconvinced. I see the first law as a spcial case of the second. But even assuming I`m just being dense, it seems inapropriate to have such non-standard view of what the Newton`s first law is, right there at the begining of the article. Just my

1773:

Thank you for the suggestions. I am familiar with these. The division does seem arbitrary, doesn't it?. I imagined that the division we made at the time was due to the obvious paradoxes between them. It was a long time now since I worked in the field.

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on Brownian motion made molecular activity a respectable concept. By the twentieth century, we saw the triumph of the atomic theory. Particles were no longer in doubt, as the experiments entered realms of higher and higher energy. Modern physics was

1536:

brings up the valid point that anything that we do should really be placed in talk or user pages. So, how about moving the Physics/wip article to Talk:Physics/wip/article, and Physics/wip/leadproposal1 to Talk:Physics/wip/leadproposal1/lead1 etc.?

1503:

Why are these fringe theories even included on a basic physics page? When I think "fringe" I think crackpot. Are these theories that might be proved one day like string theory (if someone could devise an experiment)? I thought cold fusion was

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section and pick up some books labeled "8-12 years." I'm not saying such an article isn't possible, I'm simply saying this isn't it. Sadly, I do not believe that even the bulk of my freshman composition students could understand this article.

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I wonder about including a description here or there of a famous experiment (gold foil, for example), to demonstrate in concrete terms what (some) physicists do. Besides, Rutherford's quote about cannon balls and clouds is quite descriptive.

870:"Philosophical implications" - not fleshed out enough - the first paragraph of the section is more relevant to "history" - the second paragraph is hard to understand unless you already know the quantum issues, etc. - add more or delete 1127:

Disagree: the evolution of ideas over the past several millennia is an essential part of the civilization. For example the atomic hypothesis/theory proposed two thousand years ago only came into mainstream thought in the last century.

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The problem is that for an article of this size, the lead will become too big. I've made a rough attempt, building on the outline suggested by Ancheta Wis both here and in the introduction section, and you can see how large it is!

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I was a student of Feynman and can attest that he bent over backward to make his teaching accessible to his audience (he would say things in different ways to different people, depending on what they could understand). He won the

1475:

Wait, there already is a nice portrait in the article! It might not survive, however, since the history section needs drastic modification. In this case, I hope we could use it elsewhere in the article in an appropriate place.

1237:

I would suggest renaming the "Mainstream physics" links merely "Physics" - don't descend to the adjective - claim the field; "mainstream physics" suggets that there is an "alternative physics" - don't suggest that

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is an abstraction to help solve the problem of the motion of that mass. Newton and Galileo used this idea to reason about the motion of bodies, such as balls or planets, using the concepts of geometry. This is

1679:

I did a spurious google, and all the university references I found confirm the older usage. If the distinction still holds within the universities, should we not try to uphold that distinction here?

943:

That's a good point. I'll try to do that. Your question is actually a lot deeper than it first appears - I'll have to give that some more thought before I can give a satisfactory answer I'm afraid.

1155:

Define quantized in the "Classical, quantum and modern physics" section. By the way, I would move this section up before the history section - it will help someone understand the history section.

1619:

What happened to the table of field in physics, which originally was in the "Theories and concepts" subsection? I think it was veru useful, even though few corrections should have been made.

763:

I think some of the "Scientific method" section can be condensed, specifically how physicists use other fields' tools. There is also some repetition regarding experimentalists vs. theorists.

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Hi all I don't have a suitable picture, but I think that there should be even a Galileo portrait in the article.. if I find a picture I'll try to add that but I hope someone could help

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User:Joke137, a physicist, and others have already proposed that History be moved to the location you see now. The outline was agreed upon after extensive discussion. See archives. --

1493:

Ive removed aether from the fringe theories list as its not really a fringe theory as an expired theory. Its was superseeded by special relativity. If anyone disagrees let me know!

1094:: in this way we can take a specific theme in physics, such as the atomic theory, or electromagnetism, or spectroscopy, etc., and follow it as we would the protagonist in a story. -- 1867:

I bowed out of this process for a couple of months since it seemed to be not going anyplace fast, however, I do notice that we do have a lot more activity now on the main article.--

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I am not doubting the fact, I am questioning the rhetoric - of beginnging with such a difficult to comprehend fact. (I have also heard Feynman was a notoriously difficult teacher.)

567:

Newton's first law is indeed very important; in a way more so than the other two. What it really expresses is the framework within which the other two rules apply. It says that one

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Could you mention the bit about "excited"? I still don't get it from the new caption. Are you saying this is an excited hydrogen atom, with its electron "most likely" to be in 3d?

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Editing on any section is permitted, and any possible conflicts about a particular section should be discussion on this talk page and be remedied via the normal wikipedia practice.

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I withdraw the association of equation 1) with N1L and follow Bais, retaining it as a definition of p. The caption follows Bais' denotation as 'Newton's dynamical equations'. --

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was one of my teachers (perhaps I might upload a picture of the Feynman diagram he inscribed in his Quantum Mechanics volume for me -- if you can't read the symbols, they are

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Although I am trying not to comment on small writing issues because this article has obviously not been revised yet for general prose issues, I must mention this sentence:

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of comprehension that are due only to the concepts themselves, not how they are worded. As it is, you're right: it's a mess and it needs work, but we're working at it!

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The lead, if it were styled in the manner of other articles, would simply be too long. The introduction section is really the equivalent of a lead in other articles.

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This page is for discussion related to the development and improvement of the Physics article. As a result of a noticeable decrease in quality of the article it was

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to show how the motion of a ball under the influence of an inverse square law would be an ellipse. But that is line 2 of the picture. Line 3 of the picture has the

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I have placed a revised lead section on the article using some of the changes suggested by Fill. This is hopefully very simple to grasp, and technically accurate.

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is the key rule by which this process lives on. Only through this method will we arrive at a result which is going to stand up to the test and scrutiny of time.

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In relation to the other sections, the "History" section seems rather long. It should probably be tightened up. The essence of physics is not its history, right?

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click on links as often as we might like to them to. Who are you imagining is the audience of this page? I am thinking high-school students or early college.

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I think the scientific method should be mentioned earlier so that it is clear physics is a hard science - mention it in the first paragraph right up front.

1436:

I agree. I'll try to include some when I eventually get to taking a look at the other sections (I am "concentrating" on the introduction section for now).

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and did not split off from the other sciences until the nineteenth century. Thus astronomy (1543), and even biology (1780) were not separate sciences. --

1066:

until I learn all of the math, those authors outline some basic concepts metaphorically or abstractly. The editors of this page can do that as well.

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Can anybody explain to me how can the equation p=mv (in the picture at the bottom of the lead page) be considered a statement of Newton`s first law?

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I think it was axed a while back. Obviously, we need some sort classification of the major field of physics somewhere: this should be placed in the

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Again, I am trying to think of lay readers here - "mass points" and "geometrization" do not help people understand unless you explain those terms.

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Why are all the equations in this article so ugly? Why do we need to upload equations as (highly pixelated) images? Don't we have <math: -->

848:"Relation to mathematics and the other sciences" is very repetitive and not quite coherent. It also repeats ideas that have already been said. 618:' -- he stated that if our world had higher dimension, the inverse-square law would not be true. Krea probably has a citation for this fact. -- 174: 1676:

used by most people outside university, but is there anyone that has a reference to this distinction changing inside the university sphere?

1356:). I would like to include pictures of the equations of physics in the wip page, as iconic representations of the principles of physics. -- 386:

Which when I first heard it, remains in my mind as "Objects in motion tend to remain in motion; objects at rest tend to remain at rest."

1801:

Should not the "history" section be merged more with the article named "The history of Physics" to make this article easier to overview?

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any of the concepts that they feel are central to physics such as classical mechanics or quantum mechanics. While no reader is going to

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The first line is not merely a definition. It encapsulates the experiments of Galileo. I got the equation set from p. 23, Sander Bais,

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I agree. We should try to sneak a picture of one of the most important people in the history of physics somewhere in the article. The

894:

These theories were largely couched in philosophical terms, and never verified by systematic experimental testing as is popular today.

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I think physics can a should be defined concisely, as long as such a definition is accurate and encompasses the breadth of the topic.

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I apologize for copying this question to several talk pages, but I am unsure where it fits. DanielDemaret 09:52, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

1547:

Is there a Wikiproject space? We have to keep it out of Talk at alll costs. That is why there was so much talk in the first place. --

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if you want to read more. It can be purchased in parts, so you can pick up the Galileo section alone, if that is all you can afford.

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has a few nice portraits that are, I think, freely available because they would either be out of copyright or come under fair use.

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should be introduced sooner. It is introduced in the "history" section without any description at all. This is a rhetorical point.

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Thanks, Krea, for saving the history. I was lazy about how I moved it. You may want to do the same for the leadproposal pages.

1556:

I don't know if there is a wikiproject space, but we'll just place the article in a talk page - we won't actually do any talking!

733:

As the evolution controversy demonstrates, it is imperative to define scientific "theory." I would also explain "falsifiability."

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ISBN 0-674-01967-9. It was so clear to me that I put it in the encyclopedia. But I can understand why you might want to see more.

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beautiful to look at than a picture - especially all the time! Also, could you try to make the image a little clearer somehow?

788:

See the comment about history of physics above. Atoms can be viewed as mass points, allowing the geometrization of physics. --

1701:

However, I am getting some hits for the opposite opinion, that Ehrenfest's theorem does not fully map CM to a subset of QM --

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Apologies for altering the Welcome box without logging in. I didn't realize my session had expired when I made the change. --

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I am pretty sure the cannonball picture is in Cajori's translation of Principia, but I do not have ready access to Cajori. --

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Yes, I agree it's too heavy. I will try to rewrite it at some point. Thanks for the input, and sorry for the late response.

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for the diagram of the artificial satellite's orbit, which I propose putting in the Applications section of the article. --

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and have waged wars with their power, we have more concrete evidence for the reality of some of the costructs of physics.

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This is because of the areas which physics has addressed are more amenable to quantitative approaches than other areas.

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The History section is non-chronological - why do we go back for thermodynamics, another subfield you might define.

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To ensure that development progresses in an orderly manner there are a few key points that must be kept in mind:

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to learn physics. It is possible to teach classical mechanics on a child's playground, which is the approach of

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It would seem like you could work the "Applied fields" boxes into the prose somehow - must you list them all?

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There is a large area of research intermediate between physics and mathematics, known as mathematical physics.

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Ballentine LE, Yang Y, Zibin JP. "Inadequacy of Ehrenfest's theorem to characterize the classical regime. "

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clicking. Also, think about how difficult some of the pages you are asking people to click to might be.

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Expansion navigation is not a good idea in the Introduction. Move them to a Topics in physics article.

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informally. It's a good point to bring up: I think that this should all be discussed in the article.

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conclusion that that box would be the brightest. Obviously, I am totally misunderstanding something.

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Perhaps a link is one approach to the definition, so as to concentrate our efforts on the article.

672:. The atomic theory was proposed thousands of years ago and suffered scorn as recently as 1900, by 512:

Equations'. Might that be a better caption. Bais also inserts Universal Gravitation as a line 4. --

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this right now, but I will come to it soon enough; perhaps you would like to make a start on it?

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atom, shown as cross-sections with color-coded probability density." Would that be any clearer?

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This is but an example of "the horrible condition of our physics today" as Feynman put it. --

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C an object in motion tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction."

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Please use the appropriate section in which to discuss that particular part of the article.

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Removed the first paragraph and credited Galileo in the first sentence of 4th paragraph. --

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I think we can agree that A about is about Newton's 2nd law. So let's leave that for now.

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Similarly, I think that we can leave B, as this is something Aristotle might have said.

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should be significantly larger. It should be in the order of two to four paragraphs.

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around to even discuss what they had suggested, I was totally over ruled. Hmmm...--

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I propose another technique than strict chronology, taken from the movies: the

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the more people we have involved in the process the more valuable the outcome.

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made in class once: 'the 3-D nature of space is the reason for the form of

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It's good enough, I think, unless somebody takes a better quality one.

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Essentially, the article is nice, but for an article of this size, the

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I added more material to the lede. Other contributions are welcome. --

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tags for equations inside articles? Or am I missing something here.

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User:Joke137 suggested this change. You can now see those tables at

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And before scientific method, physics was more of a soft science. --

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What is the time line for merging this back in to the main article?

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These pages *must* be moved in order to comply with policy. See

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correct, I descend into reflecting on matters of style instead.

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in it, so there is a lot packed into those three equations. --

896:- "popular" - it sounds as if the scientific method is a fad 389:

A relevant note is from R.S. Westfall, biographer of Newton,

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For an article of this size, don't you need a longer lead?

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19:37, 7 April 2007 (UTC) Naturally it's in Knowledge:

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ISBN 0-7624-1348-4 which reprints the relevant work of

393:(referring to Newton's mind, which was never at rest). 368:

Here is the classical statement of Newton's first law

1327: 1300: 1273: 1605:, I'll do the leadproposal pages too at some point. 411:

is the inertia of some body. The conjoint quantity m

51:The revised plan is for editors to freely edit the 1348: 1313: 1286: 810:is an 'undefined term' from Euclid's geometry. A 683:Language needs to be clearer, is all I'm saying. 1662:List of basic physics topics#Branches of physics 1137:It is not really the same idea, though, is it? 1103:If done well, it could work, as with anything. 1658:List of basic physics topics#Nature of physics 156:Article Structure - Layout & Chapter Focus 470:I highly recommend Stephen Hawking's edition 377:B an object at rest tends to stay at rest and 8: 1634:further divided as appropriate; e.g. split 397:"Objects are indifferent to their motion". 641:for excellence in teaching, by the way. -- 372:A "Unless acted upon by an external force, 27:Physics Article Development - Introduction 1387:Krea, I reloaded an equalized picture. -- 1340: 1331: 1326: 1305: 1299: 1278: 1272: 716:Actually, I think it was alchemy. :) See 1710: 447: 424:. This is documented in Galileo, 1638, 990:I wouldn't say physics was originally 1642:into Newtonian and Relativistic, and 1638:into Classical and Quantum, and then 907:Some excellent points are made here. 521:The caption now follows Sander Bais. 110:, 23 August 2006 (Minor revisions by 7: 547:. I continue to seek the pg. num. -- 1877:Lead section is horrendously long. 1569:Knowledge:Subpages#Disallowed uses 1512:and then links to other articles. 459:The Construction of Modern Science 24: 76:Give and take is required by all. 610:I am reminded of a comment that 96: 1714: 451: 1314:{\displaystyle \gamma _{\mu }} 1287:{\displaystyle \gamma _{\mu }} 1043:Feynman assumes that it takes 1: 1232:See Also & External Links 137:Pre-Implementation Discussion 1362:Cut from a larger post (See 270:09:09, 3 November 2007 (UTC) 1921:00:25, 13 August 2008 (UTC) 1040:Feynman Lectures on Physics 616:Newton's law of gravitation 1936: 1899:12:02, 2 August 2007 (UTC) 1888:05:50, 2 August 2007 (UTC) 1821:14:04, 29 April 2007 (UTC) 1806:14:04, 29 April 2007 (UTC) 1792:21:05, 29 April 2007 (UTC) 1779:13:50, 29 April 2007 (UTC) 1706:12:47, 29 April 2007 (UTC) 1696:11:36, 29 April 2007 (UTC) 1652:03:28, 15 April 2007 (UTC) 1624:18:23, 14 April 2007 (UTC) 1594:10:40, 28 March 2007 (UTC) 1585:00:00, 28 March 2007 (UTC) 1576:20:59, 26 March 2007 (UTC) 1561:00:48, 18 March 2007 (UTC) 1552:10:35, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 1542:03:40, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 1517:01:01, 18 March 2007 (UTC) 1481:23:28, 27 March 2007 (UTC) 1471:23:23, 27 March 2007 (UTC) 1454:23:47, 22 March 2007 (UTC) 1441:02:22, 17 March 2007 (UTC) 1428:12:39, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 1409:19:54, 15 March 2007 (UTC) 1392:19:18, 11 March 2007 (UTC) 1360:05:50, 2 March 2007 (UTC) 1243:12:39, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 1215:12:39, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 1205:Applications and Influence 1188:12:39, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 1171:07:13, 18 March 2007 (UTC) 1160:12:39, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 1142:01:24, 12 April 2007 (UTC) 1133:23:37, 17 March 2007 (UTC) 1121:12:39, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 1108:01:24, 12 April 2007 (UTC) 1099:17:10, 18 March 2007 (UTC) 1084:12:39, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 1071:01:24, 12 April 2007 (UTC) 1056:11:05, 18 March 2007 (UTC) 1031:01:24, 12 April 2007 (UTC) 1022:My point here is that the 1013:12:39, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 999:01:24, 12 April 2007 (UTC) 986:23:37, 17 March 2007 (UTC) 971:12:39, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 952:02:11, 17 March 2007 (UTC) 931:00:44, 18 March 2007 (UTC) 921:07:13, 17 March 2007 (UTC) 901:12:39, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 886:18:34, 18 March 2007 (UTC) 875:12:39, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 864:17:29, 18 March 2007 (UTC) 853:12:39, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 842:12:39, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 802:01:12, 12 April 2007 (UTC) 793:18:49, 17 March 2007 (UTC) 782:12:22, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 768:12:22, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 755:01:12, 12 April 2007 (UTC) 738:12:22, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 725:01:12, 12 April 2007 (UTC) 712:18:34, 18 March 2007 (UTC) 701:12:22, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 688:01:12, 12 April 2007 (UTC) 662:12:22, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 632:01:12, 12 April 2007 (UTC) 623:18:36, 17 March 2007 (UTC) 604:12:22, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 472:On the Shoulders of Giants 321:23:26, 30 March 2007 (UTC) 302:00:53, 12 April 2007 (UTC) 287:01:06, 17 March 2007 (UTC) 259:12:20, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 248:12:20, 16 March 2007 (UTC) 1872:22:05, 22 July 2007 (UTC) 1615:Table of field in physics 1610:06:00, 2 April 2007 (UTC) 1498:16:59, 9 March 2007 (UTC) 1383:17:13, 5 March 2007 (UTC) 1371:17:03, 5 March 2007 (UTC) 1226:10:57, 5 April 2007 (UTC) 1197:11:01, 5 April 2007 (UTC) 881:More citations to come -- 587:16:26, 8 April 2007 (UTC) 577:12:44, 8 April 2007 (UTC) 562:09:13, 8 April 2007 (UTC) 552:02:18, 8 April 2007 (UTC) 526:10:00, 8 April 2007 (UTC) 517:09:13, 8 April 2007 (UTC) 507:05:06, 8 April 2007 (UTC) 443:19:30, 7 April 2007 (UTC) 357:15:16, 7 April 2007 (UTC) 345:05:59, 2 April 2007 (UTC) 331:02:56, 1 April 2007 (UTC) 237:17:03, 5 March 2007 (UTC) 227:17:16, 5 March 2007 (UTC) 115:17:03, 5 March 2007 (UTC) 1857:19:21, 23 May 2007 (UTC) 1846:00:04, 19 May 2007 (UTC) 1831:19:29, 23 May 2007 (UTC) 824:12:10, 19 May 2007 (UTC) 777:- be explicit - explain 676:. Now that we can image 646:11:58, 19 May 2007 (UTC) 461:ISBN 0-521-29295-6 p. 20 436:principle of equivalence 1349:{\displaystyle 1/q^{2}} 977:Physics was originally 1350: 1315: 1288: 1261: 199: 171: 160:August, September 2006 152: 133: 35: 1764:(4):2854-2859. 1351: 1316: 1289: 1256: 201:4. General Editing - 198: 170: 151: 132: 34: 1325: 1298: 1271: 657:general properties? 535:I am searching thru 432:artificial satellite 173:3. §1 - Definition, 1734:Lectures on Physics 1150:Branches of Physics 545:Newton's cannonball 480:Nicolaus Copernicus 407:That leaves C. The 53:development article 1346: 1311: 1284: 1262: 992:natural philosophy 979:natural philosophy 670:history of physics 200: 172: 153: 134: 36: 1746:Ehrenfest theorem 1534:Physics talk page 668:Yes; this is the 87:Above and beyond 1927: 1765: 1754: 1748: 1742: 1736: 1730: 1724: 1718: 1631:Current Research 1355: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1345: 1344: 1335: 1320: 1318: 1317: 1312: 1310: 1309: 1293: 1291: 1290: 1285: 1283: 1282: 1177:Current Research 495: 468: 462: 455: 427:Two New Sciences 318: 218:Continuing from 100: 1935: 1934: 1930: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1925: 1924: 1907: 1865: 1839: 1813: 1799: 1797:History section 1768: 1755: 1751: 1743: 1739: 1731: 1727: 1719: 1712: 1673: 1617: 1527: 1491: 1464:Galileo Project 1336: 1323: 1322: 1301: 1296: 1295: 1274: 1269: 1268: 1251: 1234: 1207: 1179: 1152: 962: 595: 498: 492:Albert Einstein 484:Galileo Galilei 476:Johannes Kepler 469: 465: 456: 449: 316: 215: 125: 95:is encouraged. 65: 29: 22: 21: 20: 12: 11: 5: 1933: 1931: 1910:</math: --> 1906: 1903: 1902: 1901: 1885:199.125.109.57 1882: 1881: 1878: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1859: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1833: 1812: 1809: 1798: 1795: 1784: 1783: 1782: 1781: 1767: 1766: 1749: 1737: 1725: 1720:Abraham Pais, 1709: 1699: 1698: 1672: 1671:Modern physics 1669: 1668: 1667: 1666: 1665: 1616: 1613: 1599: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1578: 1565: 1564: 1563: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1520: 1519: 1506: 1505: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1473: 1457: 1456: 1446: 1445: 1444: 1443: 1431: 1430: 1418: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1413: 1412: 1411: 1397: 1396: 1395: 1394: 1343: 1339: 1334: 1330: 1308: 1304: 1281: 1277: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1228: 1218: 1217: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1163: 1162: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1145: 1144: 1124: 1123: 1113: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1087: 1086: 1076: 1075: 1074: 1073: 1035: 1034: 1033: 1016: 1015: 1004: 1003: 1002: 1001: 974: 973: 961: 958: 957: 956: 955: 954: 944: 938: 937: 936: 935: 934: 933: 912: 911: 904: 903: 889: 888: 878: 877: 867: 866: 856: 855: 845: 844: 831: 830: 829: 828: 827: 826: 817:geometrization 785: 784: 771: 770: 760: 759: 758: 757: 741: 740: 730: 729: 728: 727: 704: 703: 693: 692: 691: 690: 665: 664: 653: 652: 651: 650: 649: 648: 607: 606: 594: 591: 590: 589: 565: 564: 533: 532: 531: 530: 529: 528: 497: 496: 463: 457:R.S.Westfall, 446: 399: 398: 384: 383: 379: 378: 374: 373: 350: 349: 348: 347: 334: 333: 307: 306: 305: 304: 292: 291: 290: 289: 280: 273: 272: 262: 261: 251: 250: 214: 211: 208: 206: 205: 191: 190: 163: 162: 144: 143: 124: 121: 103: 102: 84: 83: 79: 78: 64: 63:The key points 61: 28: 25: 23: 15: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1932: 1923: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1904: 1900: 1897: 1892: 1891: 1890: 1889: 1886: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1873: 1870: 1862: 1858: 1855: 1850: 1849: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1836: 1832: 1829: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1822: 1819: 1818:DanielDemaret 1810: 1808: 1807: 1804: 1803:DanielDemaret 1796: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1780: 1777: 1776:DanielDemaret 1772: 1771: 1770: 1769: 1763: 1759: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1717: 1716: 1711: 1708: 1707: 1704: 1697: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1670: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1650: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1628: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1622: 1614: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1554: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1544: 1543: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1530:Pascal.Tesson 1524: 1518: 1515: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1488: 1482: 1479: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1447: 1442: 1439: 1435: 1434: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1402: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1393: 1390: 1386: 1385: 1384: 1381: 1376: 1375: 1374: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1359: 1341: 1337: 1332: 1328: 1306: 1302: 1279: 1275: 1266: 1259: 1255: 1249:Miscellaneous 1248: 1244: 1241: 1236: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1209: 1208: 1204: 1198: 1195: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1186: 1181: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1165: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1154: 1153: 1149: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1115: 1114: 1109: 1106: 1102: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1078: 1077: 1072: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1050: 1049:Physics First 1046: 1042: 1041: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1020: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1006: 1005: 1000: 997: 993: 989: 988: 987: 984: 980: 976: 975: 972: 969: 964: 963: 959: 953: 950: 945: 942: 941: 940: 939: 932: 929: 924: 923: 922: 919: 914: 913: 909: 908: 906: 905: 902: 899: 895: 891: 890: 887: 884: 880: 879: 876: 873: 869: 868: 865: 862: 858: 857: 854: 851: 847: 846: 843: 840: 836: 833: 832: 825: 822: 818: 813: 809: 805: 804: 803: 800: 796: 795: 794: 791: 787: 786: 783: 780: 776: 773: 772: 769: 766: 762: 761: 756: 753: 750: 746: 745: 743: 742: 739: 736: 732: 731: 726: 723: 719: 715: 714: 713: 710: 706: 705: 702: 699: 695: 694: 689: 686: 682: 681: 679: 675: 671: 667: 666: 663: 660: 655: 654: 647: 644: 640: 639:Oersted Medal 635: 634: 633: 630: 626: 625: 624: 621: 617: 613: 609: 608: 605: 602: 597: 596: 592: 588: 585: 581: 580: 579: 578: 575: 570: 563: 560: 556: 555: 554: 553: 550: 546: 542: 538: 527: 524: 520: 519: 518: 515: 510: 509: 508: 505: 500: 499: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 467: 464: 460: 454: 453: 448: 445: 444: 441: 437: 433: 429: 428: 423: 419: 414: 410: 405: 402: 396: 395: 394: 392: 391:Never at Rest 387: 381: 380: 376: 375: 371: 370: 369: 366: 364: 363:The Equations 359: 358: 355: 346: 343: 338: 337: 336: 335: 332: 329: 325: 324: 323: 322: 319: 312: 303: 300: 296: 295: 294: 293: 288: 285: 281: 277: 276: 275: 274: 271: 268: 267:58.169.193.41 264: 263: 260: 257: 253: 252: 249: 246: 241: 240: 239: 238: 235: 230: 229: 228: 225: 221: 212: 210: 204: 197: 193: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 169: 165: 164: 161: 157: 150: 146: 145: 142: 138: 131: 127: 126: 122: 120: 118: 116: 113: 109: 99: 94: 90: 86: 85: 81: 80: 77: 73: 70: 69: 68: 62: 60: 56: 54: 49: 48: 47: 41: 33: 26: 19: 1908: 1883: 1866: 1840: 1814: 1811:Lead section 1800: 1785: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1740: 1733: 1728: 1722:Inward Bound 1721: 1713: 1700: 1689:Inward Bound 1688: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1630: 1618: 1602: 1601:That's fine 1600: 1529: 1528: 1492: 1417: 1361: 1263: 1091: 1062: 1044: 1038: 1023: 991: 978: 893: 834: 816: 811: 807: 774: 718:Isaac Newton 593:Introduction 568: 566: 536: 534: 488:Isaac Newton 471: 466: 458: 450: 425: 421: 417: 412: 408: 406: 403: 400: 390: 388: 385: 367: 362: 360: 351: 308: 231: 217: 216: 213:Lead Section 207: 202: 187:discontinued 186: 159: 140: 106: 104: 75: 66: 57: 50: 45: 44: 37: 18:Talk:Physics 1760:. 1994 Oct; 1703:Ancheta Wis 1693:Ancheta Wis 1591:Ancheta Wis 1549:Ancheta Wis 1504:impossible. 1389:Ancheta Wis 1358:Ancheta Wis 1223:Ancheta Wis 1194:Ancheta Wis 1168:Ancheta Wis 1130:Ancheta Wis 1096:Ancheta Wis 1053:Ancheta Wis 983:Ancheta Wis 883:Ancheta Wis 861:Ancheta Wis 821:Ancheta Wis 790:Ancheta Wis 709:Ancheta Wis 643:Ancheta Wis 620:Ancheta Wis 584:Ancheta Wis 559:Ancheta Wis 549:Ancheta Wis 541:Ancheta Wis 523:Ancheta Wis 514:Ancheta Wis 440:Ancheta Wis 328:Ancheta Wis 141:August 2006 1758:Phys Rev A 1495:CaptinJohn 1260:'s diagram 1063:understand 812:point mass 674:Ernst Mach 189:March 2007 1905:Equations 1837:Time Line 1732:Feynman, 1640:Classical 1636:Mechanics 1621:Dan Gluck 1451:Tatonzolo 1092:cross-cut 947:do that. 537:Principia 183:Archive 3 179:Archive 2 175:Archive 1 123:Framework 72:Consensus 1913:Barak Sh 1425:Awadewit 1240:Awadewit 1212:Awadewit 1185:Awadewit 1157:Awadewit 1139:Awadewit 1118:Awadewit 1105:Awadewit 1081:Awadewit 1068:Awadewit 1028:Awadewit 1010:Awadewit 996:Awadewit 968:Awadewit 918:Awadewit 898:Awadewit 872:Awadewit 850:Awadewit 839:Awadewit 799:Awadewit 779:Awadewit 765:Awadewit 752:Awadewit 735:Awadewit 722:Awadewit 698:Awadewit 685:Awadewit 659:Awadewit 629:Awadewit 601:Awadewit 299:Awadewit 256:Awadewit 245:Awadewit 105:Thanks, 89:civility 1863:Process 1644:Quantum 1532:on the 1265:Feynman 1258:Feynman 1037:In the 960:History 612:Feynman 502:opinion 108:SFC9394 93:smilies 40:decided 1603:Gnixon 1582:Gnixon 1573:Gnixon 1489:Fringe 1221:Done. 203:active 1896:Filll 1869:Filll 1525:Admin 1045:years 808:point 678:atoms 504:Dauto 354:Dauto 16:< 1917:talk 1854:Krea 1843:Carl 1828:Krea 1789:Krea 1744:see 1660:and 1649:Krea 1607:Krea 1558:Krea 1539:Krea 1514:Krea 1478:Krea 1468:Krea 1438:Krea 1406:Krea 1380:Krea 1368:Krea 1364:here 1321:and 1294:to 1051:. -- 1024:term 949:Krea 928:Krea 819:. -- 574:Krea 490:and 420:and 342:Krea 315:Tito 311:lede 284:Krea 234:Krea 224:Krea 220:here 158:, - 139:, - 112:Krea 1571:. 1366:). 569:can 154:2. 135:1. 1919:) 1762:50 1307:μ 1303:γ 1280:μ 1276:γ 1128:-- 806:A 720:. 486:, 482:, 478:, 317:xd 222:. 185:- 181:, 177:, 119:. 1915:( 1715:^ 1342:2 1338:q 1333:/ 1329:1 452:^ 422:p 418:v 413:v 409:p 117:) 101:!

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