1081:
effectively an infinite amount - which precludes any robot ever acting. Second is the implication that harm is black and white. The probability of harm is rarely either 100% or 0%. There is a huge body of relevant neuropsychological literature on moral judgements (the child on the train tracks, the fat man on the bridge, etc.) It turns out that our behavior is generally rationally justified AFTER the act, which is often NOT rational. There are several other problems (and this is OR, in the sense that I've not seen it in print (although extremely unlikely to actually be original!)). What is meant by "harm"? What is the meaning of "human being"? What is the definition of "humanity"? EG. Would a robot force you to eat exactly what is "best" for you? Would it take away your car keys and make you walk to the store for exercise? (I forget who wrote the series about the robots occupying the galaxy(?)and becoming our caretakers until we 'matured' enough to make 'better' choices.) There is harm to our cells, harm to our organs, harm to our bodies, harm to our minds, harm to our careers... If you were tired would a robot steal you some amphetamine? Would a robot tell a child that Santa Claus doesn't exist? (That your wife is cheating on you?) The idea of "harm" requires a clear model of what a "healthy" state requires. It conflicts with free will. A person ages and develops, is this "harm"? Is education/learning potentially harmful? (imho, yes - as well as beneficial). As far as "humanity", would/should a robot prevent reproduction by people carrying the sickle cell gene? (Which is harmful in many circumstances but imparts protection from malaria.) Same thing with robot harming itself. For most machines, movement (as well as use of electronic circuitry) erodes, wears, and ages the mechanism. How does a robot protect itself? And finally, how likely is it that "orders" can be comprehensive enough so that compliance is feasible? It requires not just a theory of mind, but a very accurate model of what the person means. Just my two cents.
982:
be appropriate to go through the entire article carefully. I still feel that the more appropriate approach would be to scrap this article and start again from scratch. I think the framework and focus of the article is grounded in OR, and encourages editors to join in with opinion and speculation based on personal observation and knowledge. What is required is appropriate reliable sources which significantly discuss the Three Laws. Comments based on editorial observation of various novels, and making comparisons between them is OR, and is to be avoided.
431:
410:
832:
got squashed?". A few days later a burglar comes to your home and tries to break in. The robot sees him and sits there while the burglar bashes its positronic brain in and then steals all your stuff. The next morning you go to your bank and find that the same burglar decided to break into the bank where he bashed in the brains of all the robots and walked off with all your gold bullion. You say to yourself "Wow - I wish the robots had tried to protect themselves by running away and alerting me, the police or someone"
227:
609:
658:
637:
1672:, it is a pretty safe bet that mutual inconsistencies and unexpected outcomes were the point of these Laws: with a manufacturer trying to bake safeguards into these machines, and unusual circumstances causing matters to go all haywire. What is ironic though, is that Asimov explains at length how he wanted to wean us off the so-called Frankenstein complex and then goes on to write stories that ultimately corroborate just such fears.
250:
523:
499:
668:
533:
760:
742:
379:
946:(Moved from my talkpage:) When you reviewed the article there were several areas where you thought that OR was prevalent. Is there any chance you could take a quick look and tell me whether or not you think those areas have been addressed? My intention is to put it up for GAN again in the next 4 weeks so would appreciate your input in particular. Thanks
981:
Having dipped into a few sections in the article I found some statements which are not securely cited. I tidied a few statements, and have tagged a few others as examples. This was fairly random and should not be seen as comprehensive. Sorting out the statements tagged may not be enough, and it would
1207:
It's been a very long time since I saw that particular episode of
Superman, but I'm like 99% certain it was *not* acting of its own volition, and was instead remotely controlled by a human villain. The screen capture is attached to a paragraph that talks about robots destroying their own creator(s),
831:
So you buy a robot to protect your bank and one to help around your house. You come home and find the robot in the garden on the ground sparking all over from where it was hit by a falling tree while weeding. You pay £1000 to get it fixed thinking "stupid robot - why did it just stand there while it
1624:
cannot be "reprogrammed", but will sent to a "robot psychologist" who will try to re-balance abstract potentials. In comparison, today's manner of computing is open to diverge from any abstract or ethical goal at every single step in millions of lines of program, at the whims of the programmer. --
1623:
in a single piece. In this fictional technological context, abstract rules like the three laws can be inextricably built into the basic functions of a robot. It is even implied that the three laws are a mathematical necessity to create functioning robots at all. When such a robot malfunctions, it
1041:
I have reinstated the
Robotics project "B" class. If anyone who is not familiar with the Robotics assessment scale would like to check it out before deciding whether they should reassess the article for us, they would note that the article clearly falls within the B class parameters. If they feel
1080:
I have seen references to Asimov's Three Laws of
Robotics in AI (academic) literature. My understanding is that the Laws have fundamental problems which should be addressed in this article. The most obvious, from a practical pov, is that each of them require a huge body of data and computation -
923:
exactly, it will be a long time before there is AI that is capable of understanding these laws the way us humans do. till then, everybody can muck about with simulacra of their own choosing. which may be interesting, in the way any other pastime is interesting. whoever wrote the blurb wanted to
1639:
correct, except in your assertion that this was "before the advent of digital general-purpose computing" - a more pertinent question would be how much A knew about both the theory and the state-of-the-art when he first formulated the laws.
1065:
Very good
Knowledge editorial cabal: You've replaced Asimov's own words with your own inaccurate paraphrase of them, in addition to removing the French words that provide the evidence for your claim. Well done. Just what I would expect.
868:
yep, and ditto for newton's three laws. but the thermodyamics analogy is deepened by Asimov later on (both later on in his writing career but more importantly also "later on" in the in-universe sense) adding in a zeroth law.
153:
1705:
311:
893:
According to the back of The
Complete Robot the laws were once programmed into real computers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with "interesting" results? What were these results and are they
240:
1700:
1615:, and his "robotic brains" are quite different from today's technology. Rather then being constructed and programmed down to the last circuit and the last if/then/else, they are more akin to the
292:
1745:
1673:
1641:
1097:
925:
870:
1025:@Chaosdruid: I agree with you, and I believe that this section adequately explains the Frankenstein reference. I'm going to remove the {{cn}} until a good explaination for it is provided.
1111:
Or just consider aliens different from humans. I think these rules are quite human-centric and apparently the robots are allowed to wipe out any other civilizations they might come across.
1008:
you have placed a {{cn}} on "Before Asimov began writing, the majority of artificial intelligence in fiction followed the
Frankenstein pattern, one that Asimov found unbearably tedious:"
618:
509:
1188:
I think this should be included here, or elsewhere? Or is it already included somewhere? I am not qualified enough at the time with the topic, but I may try to add this later. --
330:
147:
1760:
714:
1740:
724:
256:
909:
LOL! As of 2014, there is no (known) robot capable of higher (abstract) thought. That is, there is no platform on which implementation of these "Laws" is possible.
1541:
1537:
1523:
1431:
1427:
1413:
1321:
1317:
1303:
44:
1765:
1289:
1695:
778:
1735:
690:
593:
79:
924:
emphasise the obvious connection between real-life robotics and asimov: one would be hard-pressed to find a roboticist who hasn't read them as a child!
1755:
1720:
481:
471:
599:
1725:
767:
747:
1710:
681:
642:
198:
194:
190:
85:
1603:)? They include: do I know how to do that? do I have to do that based on my job? does it violate any sort of normal principle if I do that?
1750:
1216:
1082:
910:
1273:
1112:
817:
447:
1715:
1600:
1141:
236:
1677:
1645:
1101:
929:
874:
168:
1519:
When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
1409:
When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
1299:
When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
568:
566:
on
Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the project and contribute to the
135:
1042:
those parameters need changing, there is a forum for discussion at the
Robotics project. I did not make those guidelines, but I
226:
1730:
349:
99:
30:
438:
415:
104:
20:
1509:
1290:
https://web.archive.org/web/20060519113900/http://www.inl.gov/adaptiverobotics/humanoidrobotics/ethicalconsiderations.shtml
1185:
1215:, and it's much as I remembered it. The robots are semi-autonomous, but never turn on their creator or any similar trope.
74:
1584:
1474:
1364:
851:
546:
504:
390:
129:
1612:
65:
1293:
673:
185:
125:
1619:
prevalent in the mid 20th century. His "positronic brains" are mathematically formulated by larger outlines, then
1399:
239:. Please see the links under Article milestones below for its original nomination page (for older articles, check
850:
Also I remember reading (long ago so I have no source) that Asimov wanted exactly three laws in imitation of the
1540:
to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the
1430:
to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the
1320:
to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the
207:
1086:
914:
1220:
816:
What is the usefulness of this law? the first two laws make sense to be so crucially required, but the third?
175:
1116:
821:
1575:
1501:
1465:
1391:
1355:
1265:
1145:
109:
1497:
1493:
1383:
1257:
1005:
24:
249:
1559:
If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with
1547:
1449:
If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with
1437:
1339:
If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with
1327:
396:
1500:. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit
1390:. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit
1264:. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit
430:
409:
1274:
https://web.archive.org/web/20090911085355/http://preem.tejat.net/~tseng/Asimov/Stories/Story419.html
1137:
1051:
1016:
951:
837:
378:
141:
1629:
1601:
https://qz.com/559432/robots-are-learning-to-say-no-to-human-orders-and-your-life-may-depend-on-it/
1239:
1208:
so it seems that image is not a very good example of the kind of story Asimov was trying to avoid.
1026:
161:
55:
777:
on
Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
689:
on
Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
446:
on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
1283:
1169:
1161:
992:
971:
212:
70:
1544:
before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template
1434:
before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template
1324:
before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template
608:
1560:
1450:
1340:
1212:
1197:
1071:
http://en.wikipedia.org/search/?title=Three_Laws_of_Robotics&diff=next&oldid=607488250
859:
51:
1277:
1131:
1011:
Can you tell me why you do not think the quote and ref which follow it are not good enough?
899:
209:
1567:
1457:
1347:
1616:
1047:
1012:
947:
833:
686:
1510:
https://web.archive.org/web/20160215190449/http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/roblaw.htm
1625:
1620:
1611:
IMHO the article should note that Asimov created the "three laws" before the advent of
1526:, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by
1416:, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by
1306:, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by
1235:
1186:
http://www.cnet.com/news/google-goes-asimov-and-spells-out-concrete-ai-safety-concerns/
1566:
If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with
1456:
If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with
1346:
If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with
1689:
1193:
1165:
985:
964:
538:
657:
636:
855:
1681:
1649:
1633:
1589:
1479:
1369:
1243:
1224:
1173:
1149:
1120:
1105:
1090:
1055:
1020:
995:
974:
955:
933:
918:
903:
878:
863:
841:
825:
211:
1513:
1533:
1423:
1313:
1294:
http://www.inl.gov/adaptiverobotics/humanoidrobotics/ethicalconsiderations.shtml
895:
563:
1400:
https://web.archive.org/web/20051109221729/http://avclub.com/content/node/17881
1164:
to this article. Which is why they are identical, and the exact same topic. —
1532:. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than
1422:. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than
1312:. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than
663:
532:
528:
522:
498:
1656:"Perhaps ironically, or perhaps because it was artistically appropriate..."
667:
1189:
443:
1403:
1158:
https://en.wikipedia.org/search/?title=Laws_of_Robotics&redirect=no
759:
741:
559:
555:
771:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of articles that are
773:
1184:
Google recently is reported to make its "5 amendments" to the laws:
854:. As a biochemistry professor, he was very aware of thermodynamics.
551:
1284:
http://www.tcnj.edu/~miranda/classes/topics/reading/asimov.pdf
372:
213:
15:
1096:
Asimov was a writer. Flaws in the laws were the whole point.
607:
550:, an attempt to build a comprehensive and detailed guide to
1706:
Featured articles that have appeared on the main page once
1504:
for additional information. I made the following changes:
1394:
for additional information. I made the following changes:
1278:
http://preem.tejat.net/~tseng/Asimov/Stories/Story419.html
1268:
for additional information. I made the following changes:
1387:
1261:
1157:
1070:
342:
323:
304:
285:
160:
1701:
Featured articles that have appeared on the main page
685:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of
442:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of
1536:using the archive tool instructions below. Editors
1426:using the archive tool instructions below. Editors
1316:using the archive tool instructions below. Editors
1746:Unknown-importance Science fiction novels articles
598:This article has not yet received a rating on the
255:This article appeared on Knowledge's Main Page as
1234:Robot should not alter or delete the above laws.
1006:Three_Laws_of_Robotics#History_of_the_Three_Laws
33:for general discussion of the article's subject.
1522:This message was posted before February 2018.
1514:http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/roblaw.htm
1412:This message was posted before February 2018.
1302:This message was posted before February 2018.
174:
8:
1599:Perhaps mention Dempsey's 5 questions (see
1492:I have just modified one external link on
1382:I have just modified one external link on
736:
631:
493:
404:
264:
221:
1256:I have just modified 3 external links on
1211:In fact, you can view the entire episode
1203:Is the Superman Robot Picture Applicable?
1134:. They seem to be the exact same topic.
1761:High-importance science fiction articles
1741:B-Class Science fiction novels articles
738:
633:
572:to talk over new ideas and suggestions.
495:
406:
376:
961:I'll respond on the article talkpage.
787:Knowledge:WikiProject Spoken Knowledge
1674:2A01:CB0C:CD:D800:A1A9:5881:DD7C:11F9
1642:2A01:CB0C:CD:D800:A1A9:5881:DD7C:11F9
1098:2A01:CB0C:CD:D800:A1A9:5881:DD7C:11F9
926:2A01:CB0C:CD:D800:A1A9:5881:DD7C:11F9
871:2A01:CB0C:CD:D800:A1A9:5881:DD7C:11F9
790:Template:WikiProject Spoken Knowledge
699:Knowledge:WikiProject Science Fiction
7:
1766:WikiProject Science Fiction articles
1404:http://avclub.com/content/node/17881
765:This article is within the scope of
702:Template:WikiProject Science Fiction
679:This article is within the scope of
544:This article is within the scope of
436:This article is within the scope of
1617:analogue, special purpose computers
1130:I think this should be merged with
23:for discussing improvements to the
1696:Knowledge former featured articles
14:
1736:Unknown-importance novel articles
1613:digital general-purpose computing
1496:. Please take a moment to review
1386:. Please take a moment to review
1260:. Please take a moment to review
1756:B-Class science fiction articles
1721:Top-importance Robotics articles
1607:historical technological context
758:
740:
666:
656:
635:
531:
521:
497:
429:
408:
377:
248:
225:
45:Click here to start a new topic.
1282:Corrected formatting/usage for
719:This article has been rated as
476:This article has been rated as
1225:12:09, 25 September 2016 (UTC)
1174:02:49, 24 September 2014 (UTC)
1150:01:54, 23 September 2014 (UTC)
1121:08:13, 17 September 2015 (UTC)
864:12:28, 11 September 2012 (UTC)
456:Knowledge:WikiProject Robotics
395:It is of interest to multiple
1:
1726:WikiProject Robotics articles
1244:07:01, 30 November 2016 (UTC)
1091:13:26, 4 September 2014 (UTC)
1056:10:06, 10 February 2012 (UTC)
919:12:43, 4 September 2014 (UTC)
781:and see a list of open tasks.
693:and see a list of open tasks.
616:This article is supported by
459:Template:WikiProject Robotics
450:and see a list of open tasks.
42:Put new text under old text.
1711:Old requests for peer review
1682:14:10, 29 January 2023 (UTC)
1650:14:13, 29 January 2023 (UTC)
1590:01:18, 6 December 2017 (UTC)
1106:14:14, 29 January 2023 (UTC)
1004:At the start of the section
934:14:18, 29 January 2023 (UTC)
879:14:20, 29 January 2023 (UTC)
852:Three laws of thermodynamics
842:10:24, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
826:09:59, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
768:WikiProject Spoken Knowledge
578:Knowledge:WikiProject Novels
1751:WikiProject Novels articles
1594:
682:WikiProject Science Fiction
581:Template:WikiProject Novels
50:New to Knowledge? Welcome!
1782:
1553:(last update: 5 June 2024)
1489:Hello fellow Wikipedians,
1443:(last update: 5 June 2024)
1379:Hello fellow Wikipedians,
1333:(last update: 5 June 2024)
1253:Hello fellow Wikipedians,
1179:
904:16:23, 17 March 2011 (UTC)
725:project's importance scale
674:Speculative fiction portal
619:Science fiction task force
600:project's importance scale
569:general Project discussion
482:project's importance scale
293:Featured article candidate
1716:B-Class Robotics articles
1198:18:50, 28 June 2016 (UTC)
1021:13:00, 18 June 2011 (UTC)
996:08:58, 17 June 2011 (UTC)
975:08:34, 17 June 2011 (UTC)
956:00:47, 17 June 2011 (UTC)
793:Spoken Knowledge articles
753:
718:
651:
615:
597:
516:
475:
424:
403:
359:
267:
263:
243:) and why it was removed.
80:Be welcoming to newcomers
1660:Given that Asimov was a
1634:05:41, 1 June 2021 (UTC)
1480:21:08, 20 May 2017 (UTC)
1370:01:37, 12 May 2017 (UTC)
1037:Roboassessment - B class
705:science fiction articles
257:Today's featured article
1485:External links modified
1375:External links modified
1249:External links modified
889:Three laws in real life
362:Former featured article
312:Featured article review
237:former featured article
1731:B-Class novel articles
1664:, and stories require
1494:Three Laws of Robotics
1384:Three Laws of Robotics
1258:Three Laws of Robotics
612:
385:This article is rated
241:the nomination archive
233:Three Laws of Robotics
75:avoid personal attacks
25:Three Laws of Robotics
1595:Dempsey's 5 questions
1076:Modern Understanding?
611:
100:Neutral point of view
1534:regular verification
1424:regular verification
1314:regular verification
439:WikiProject Robotics
350:Good article nominee
105:No original research
1621:grown like crystals
1524:After February 2018
1414:After February 2018
1304:After February 2018
1180:Google's amendments
1578:InternetArchiveBot
1529:InternetArchiveBot
1468:InternetArchiveBot
1419:InternetArchiveBot
1358:InternetArchiveBot
1309:InternetArchiveBot
1156:No merger needed.
613:
547:WikiProject Novels
391:content assessment
268:Article milestones
86:dispute resolution
47:
1554:
1444:
1334:
1140:comment added by
942:Original Research
809:
808:
805:
804:
801:
800:
735:
734:
731:
730:
630:
629:
626:
625:
492:
491:
488:
487:
462:Robotics articles
371:
370:
367:
366:
343:December 24, 2010
324:November 27, 2010
305:December 18, 2009
220:
219:
66:Assume good faith
43:
1773:
1588:
1579:
1552:
1551:
1530:
1478:
1469:
1442:
1441:
1420:
1368:
1359:
1332:
1331:
1310:
1152:
1132:Laws of robotics
1046:following them.
994:
988:
973:
967:
795:
794:
791:
788:
785:
784:Spoken Knowledge
762:
755:
754:
748:Spoken Knowledge
744:
737:
707:
706:
703:
700:
697:
676:
671:
670:
660:
653:
652:
647:
639:
632:
586:
585:
582:
579:
576:
541:
536:
535:
525:
518:
517:
512:
501:
494:
464:
463:
460:
457:
454:
433:
426:
425:
420:
412:
405:
388:
382:
381:
373:
360:Current status:
345:
326:
307:
288:
265:
259:on July 5, 2006.
252:
229:
222:
214:
179:
178:
164:
95:Article policies
16:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1686:
1685:
1658:
1609:
1597:
1582:
1577:
1545:
1538:have permission
1528:
1502:this simple FaQ
1487:
1472:
1467:
1435:
1428:have permission
1418:
1392:this simple FaQ
1377:
1362:
1357:
1325:
1318:have permission
1308:
1266:this simple FaQ
1251:
1232:
1205:
1182:
1135:
1128:
1078:
1063:
1039:
986:
983:
965:
962:
944:
891:
814:
792:
789:
786:
783:
782:
721:High-importance
704:
701:
698:
696:Science Fiction
695:
694:
687:science fiction
672:
665:
646:High‑importance
645:
643:Science Fiction
583:
580:
577:
574:
573:
537:
530:
507:
461:
458:
455:
452:
451:
418:
389:on Knowledge's
386:
341:
322:
303:
284:
216:
215:
210:
121:
116:
115:
114:
91:
61:
12:
11:
5:
1779:
1777:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1688:
1687:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1608:
1605:
1596:
1593:
1572:
1571:
1564:
1517:
1516:
1508:Added archive
1486:
1483:
1462:
1461:
1454:
1407:
1406:
1398:Added archive
1376:
1373:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1297:
1296:
1288:Added archive
1286:
1280:
1272:Added archive
1250:
1247:
1231:
1228:
1217:162.252.201.32
1204:
1201:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1127:
1124:
1109:
1108:
1083:173.189.78.173
1077:
1074:
1062:
1061:In Translation
1059:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1009:
999:
998:
978:
977:
943:
940:
939:
938:
937:
936:
911:173.189.78.173
890:
887:
886:
885:
884:
883:
882:
881:
845:
844:
813:
810:
807:
806:
803:
802:
799:
798:
796:
779:the discussion
763:
751:
750:
745:
733:
732:
729:
728:
717:
711:
710:
708:
691:the discussion
678:
677:
661:
649:
648:
640:
628:
627:
624:
623:
614:
604:
603:
596:
590:
589:
587:
584:novel articles
543:
542:
526:
514:
513:
502:
490:
489:
486:
485:
478:Top-importance
474:
468:
467:
465:
448:the discussion
434:
422:
421:
419:Top‑importance
413:
401:
400:
394:
383:
369:
368:
365:
364:
357:
356:
353:
346:
338:
337:
334:
327:
319:
318:
315:
308:
300:
299:
296:
289:
281:
280:
277:
274:
270:
269:
261:
260:
253:
245:
244:
230:
218:
217:
208:
206:
205:
202:
201:
181:
180:
118:
117:
113:
112:
107:
102:
93:
92:
90:
89:
82:
77:
68:
62:
60:
59:
48:
39:
38:
35:
34:
28:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1778:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1549:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1470:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:213.46.51.199
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1036:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1002:
1001:
1000:
997:
993:
990:
989:
980:
979:
976:
972:
969:
968:
960:
959:
958:
957:
953:
949:
941:
935:
931:
927:
922:
921:
920:
916:
912:
908:
907:
906:
905:
901:
897:
888:
880:
876:
872:
867:
866:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
848:
847:
846:
843:
839:
835:
830:
829:
828:
827:
823:
819:
818:82.77.116.227
812:the third law
811:
797:
780:
776:
775:
770:
769:
764:
761:
757:
756:
752:
749:
746:
743:
739:
726:
722:
716:
713:
712:
709:
692:
688:
684:
683:
675:
669:
664:
662:
659:
655:
654:
650:
644:
641:
638:
634:
621:
620:
610:
606:
605:
601:
595:
592:
591:
588:
571:
570:
565:
564:short stories
561:
557:
553:
549:
548:
540:
539:Novels portal
534:
529:
527:
524:
520:
519:
515:
511:
506:
503:
500:
496:
483:
479:
473:
470:
469:
466:
449:
445:
441:
440:
435:
432:
428:
427:
423:
417:
414:
411:
407:
402:
398:
392:
384:
380:
375:
374:
363:
358:
354:
352:
351:
347:
344:
340:
339:
335:
333:
332:
328:
325:
321:
320:
316:
314:
313:
309:
306:
302:
301:
297:
295:
294:
290:
287:
283:
282:
278:
275:
272:
271:
266:
262:
258:
254:
251:
247:
246:
242:
238:
234:
231:
228:
224:
223:
204:
203:
200:
196:
192:
189:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
170:
167:
163:
159:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
127:
124:
123:Find sources:
120:
119:
111:
110:Verifiability
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
97:
96:
87:
83:
81:
78:
76:
72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
57:
53:
52:Learn to edit
49:
46:
41:
40:
37:
36:
32:
26:
22:
18:
17:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1610:
1598:
1576:
1573:
1548:source check
1527:
1521:
1518:
1491:
1488:
1466:
1463:
1438:source check
1417:
1411:
1408:
1381:
1378:
1356:
1353:
1328:source check
1307:
1301:
1298:
1255:
1252:
1233:
1210:
1206:
1183:
1142:87.210.58.57
1136:— Preceding
1129:
1110:
1079:
1068:
1064:
1043:
1040:
984:
963:
945:
892:
815:
772:
766:
720:
680:
617:
567:
545:
477:
437:
397:WikiProjects
361:
348:
329:
310:
291:
232:
184:
171:
165:
157:
150:
144:
138:
132:
122:
94:
19:This is the
1162:WP:Redirect
331:Peer review
286:May 1, 2005
148:free images
31:not a forum
1690:Categories
1585:Report bug
1475:Report bug
1365:Report bug
1048:Chaosdruid
1013:Chaosdruid
948:Chaosdruid
834:Chaosdruid
560:novelettes
355:Not listed
1626:Theoprakt
1568:this tool
1561:this tool
1458:this tool
1451:this tool
1348:this tool
1341:this tool
1236:Filippos2
88:if needed
71:Be polite
21:talk page
1574:Cheers.—
1464:Cheers.—
1354:Cheers.—
1166:Lentower
1138:unsigned
1027:HappyGod
987:SilkTork
966:SilkTork
894:notable?
556:novellas
453:Robotics
444:Robotics
416:Robotics
336:Reviewed
298:Promoted
186:Archives
56:get help
29:This is
27:article.
1666:tension
1498:my edit
1388:my edit
1262:my edit
1230:4th law
856:Dirac66
723:on the
480:on the
387:B-class
317:Demoted
276:Process
154:WP refs
142:scholar
1668:and a
1662:writer
896:Dalek9
774:spoken
575:Novels
552:novels
510:Sci-fi
505:Novels
393:scale.
279:Result
126:Google
1670:twist
1160:is a
1126:Merge
235:is a
169:JSTOR
130:books
84:Seek
1678:talk
1646:talk
1630:talk
1240:talk
1221:talk
1213:here
1194:talk
1170:talk
1146:talk
1117:talk
1102:talk
1087:talk
1069:See
1052:talk
1017:talk
952:talk
930:talk
915:talk
900:talk
875:talk
860:talk
838:talk
822:talk
715:High
562:and
273:Date
162:FENS
136:news
73:and
1542:RfC
1512:to
1432:RfC
1402:to
1322:RfC
1292:to
1276:to
1190:ssr
594:???
472:Top
176:TWL
1692::
1680:)
1648:)
1632:)
1555:.
1550:}}
1546:{{
1445:.
1440:}}
1436:{{
1335:.
1330:}}
1326:{{
1242:)
1223:)
1196:)
1172:)
1148:)
1119:)
1104:)
1089:)
1054:)
1044:am
1019:)
954:)
932:)
917:)
902:)
877:)
862:)
840:)
824:)
558:,
554:,
508::
197:,
193:,
156:)
54:;
1676:(
1644:(
1628:(
1587:)
1583:(
1570:.
1563:.
1477:)
1473:(
1460:.
1453:.
1367:)
1363:(
1350:.
1343:.
1238:(
1219:(
1192:(
1168:(
1144:(
1115:(
1100:(
1085:(
1050:(
1015:(
991:*
970:*
950:(
928:(
913:(
898:(
873:(
858:(
836:(
820:(
727:.
622:.
602:.
484:.
399:.
199:3
195:2
191:1
188::
172:·
166:·
158:·
151:·
145:·
139:·
133:·
128:(
58:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
