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writing, for example, “% (m/m),” “% (by weight),” “% (V/V),” “% (by volume),” or “% (mol/mol).” The preferred forms are “the mass fraction is 0.10,” or “the mass fraction is 10 %,” or “wB = 0.10,” or “wB =10 %” (wB is the quantity symbol for mass fraction of B—see Sec. 8.6.10); “the volume fraction is 0.35,” or “the volume fraction is 35 %,” or “ φB = 0.35,” or “φB = 35 %” (φB is the quantity symbol for volume fraction of B—see Sec. 8.6.6); and “the amount-of-substance fraction is 0.15,” or “the amount-of-substance fraction is 15 %,” or “xB = 0.15,” or “xB = 15 %.”
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was one of the summands in the denominator does not follow from any rule of correct formula construction, as this example illustrates. The "error" in thinking that it was is caused by using the same symbol to mean different things. (Oh, by the way, the current version should be fixed to indicate that
1335:
Updating this article to reflect the US NIST recommendation is fine, saying presumably the % by ???? are deprecated. A reference to IUPAC may also be appropriate, at least it gives the article an international flavor. However I agree with user:Quercus solaris that wikipedia should mention both. As a
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proposed in a section above. It is not clear why the volume percent should have a different denominator than volume fraction which has a sum as denominator due to simplicity in calculation. Another source beside
Chembuddy must be checked to verify the accuracy of definition of volume percent to see
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According to the rules of formal languages (both in math and in programming) the running index is local to the sum, and may be replaced with any other index at will, no matter whether or not the same letter appears somewhere outside the sum. Thus, all versions are formally correct. But it does not
434:
I don't see how that can cause more confusion than using the same letter for different things. Frankly, I don't think I can help you any more here. You asked a question, I wrote what I think about it and why, and you contradict by making unsubstantiated assertions. If you are indeed interested in
1263:
Because the symbol % represents simply a number, it is not meaningful to attach information to it (see Sec. 7.4). One must therefore avoid using phrases such as “percentage by weight,” “percentage by mass,” “percentage by volume,” or “percentage by amount of substance.” Similarly, one must avoid
1318:
Regarding “percentage by weight,” “percentage by mass,” “percentage by volume,” or “percentage by amount of substance”: The articles should still mention these phrases, even while explaining why they are not preferred. As opposed to removing all trace of them. Reason: They are widely used, and
353:
A question about the index to V-i(j) arises whether or not should be different in the denominator compared to that in numerator of the fraction. I think the index should be identical because the volume of a component is divided by the sum of volumes of all components before
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When one gives the value of a quantity, it is incorrect to attach letters or other symbols to the unit in order to provide information about the quantity or its conditions of measurement. Instead, the letters or other symbols should be attached to the quantity. Example:
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It's better to use a different letter, since it is a different index in any case. The one in the denominator is summed over and thus has no meaning outside the sum. Using the same letter in the nominator would make the wrong impression that V_i is part of the sum.
915:
If I saw that in a paper I would be very upset with the author, and would only continue reading if I got the impression I was reading unpublished shorthand, otherwise I wouldn't expect for anything else they say to be clear. It's writing for insiders eyes only. ᛭
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is formally correct, a good mathematical experience is needed for understanding that only the index in the numerator has to be substituted by 1. Thus, having the same index in the numerator and in the denominator is confusing for most readers.
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notational choices. Having the same symbol represent different things in the same expression is clearly such a bad choice. The fact that experienced readers can correctly parse the expression is not a justification for its use.
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that using a different index is less confusing. Regarding correctness, I'm not sure (I'm a chemist, not a mathematician). To avoid our problem completely, I suggest to revert to the version from 2014-01-27. There we simply had
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What is the quantitative expression of the relative volume difference associated to the verbal phrase +/_x % deviation (expansion or contraction) from the addivity of volumes in water ethanol or water salt/sugar solutions?
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Although practically useless, it seems frequently used for instance in beer alcoholic content. What is the real meaning of the alcohol by volume concept? Also what is the real volume of a component in mixture?--
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by the by - a fraction is different from a percentage, ask any school kid. NIST and IUPAC logic seems more like nit-picking- % by weight is a dimensionless number derived by dividing one weight by another.
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outside the range of index from the denominator is interesting when considering the formation of multicomponent mixtures like that with at least 5 components from binary and ternary mixtures where V
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Could it be a fraction whose numerator include the difference between the volume of the mixture V and the volumes of the two components V1 and V2 and the denominator equals the sum V1+V2:
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If the denominator of volume percent is the same with that of volume concentration, volume percent should redirect to volume concentration when it will be a distinct article.--
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in the denominator runs through a list of values. This kind of thing actually does leead to mistakes by students in some contexts; I've seen it in papers I've graded.
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I don't think you can obtain the volume fraction once the non-ideal components have been mixed. Therefore, "volume fraction" is quite useless for practical purposes.--
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It's an abuse of notation, but it's been known to happen. But, as I am an experienced mathematician, I'm not the one to comment about perceived confusion. —
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Is it a measurable quantity in non-ideal mixtures? It seems that is only calculable by knowing mass or amount fraction and densities of pure components.--
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It's a slippery slope when folks start attaching information to units (as in "fraction = x %vol" instead of "volume fraction = x %"), see, e.g.,
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While I understand, but don't necessarily agree with, the formal correctness of the expression (it is a convention after all), I do recognize
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Using two indexes would create confusion. Since V_i is part of the sum which appears in the denominator a single index i is enough.--
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Yeah, except that Volume percent is typically concentration, not fraction (that difference does not exist for mass fraction).
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should be checked for consistency with volume fraction denominator. This section has been added by a doubtful merger of
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Which one of these two variants of this fraction which can be called relative volume difference are more appropiate?--
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I added a direct ref for the denominator being the (mixed) solution volume when the term "concentration" is used.
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It's not a wrong impression, V_i is actually included in the sum thus there is no need of different indexes.--
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on 16 October 2015. For the contribution history and old versions of the redirected page, please see
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Knowledge covers all important aspects of a topic, even as it explains what the best practice is.
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I don't understand what confusion is involved if the same index is used. Nevertheless, I'll ask at
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on
Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
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on
Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
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to an actual article? But for expansion, it sounds like the topic is equal to the pre-existing
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whether it has the same denominator as volume fraction or volume concentration.--
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is zero in the submixture not containing it, but non-zero in the final mixture.--
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for identical indices either, so we can keep it the way that's easier to read. —
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One can notice a discrepancy between the volume percent and volume fraction.--
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1484:{\displaystyle \%\Delta V_{r}={\frac {V-(V_{1}+V_{2})}{V_{1}+V_{2}}}100}
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The previous section above suggests the approaching of a link to volum
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mean that they are equally good informally. Maybe not; you decide.
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1046:{\displaystyle \phi _{5}={\frac {V_{5}}{V_{1}+V_{2}+V_{3}}}}
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could be added to article, perhaps expanding the info at
691:{\displaystyle \phi _{i}={\frac {V_{i}}{\sum _{i}V_{i}}}}
619:{\displaystyle \phi _{j}={\frac {V_{j}}{\sum _{i}V_{i}}}}
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Knowledge level-5 vital articles in
Physical sciences
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in the denominator to represent the total volume.--
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435:other people's opinions, I'd suggest you ask at
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1600:in relation to the deviation from additivity.--
959:Another thought. There is a difference between
1772:Start-Class physics articles of Low-importance
971:= 3), it would be "formally correct" to write
1742:Knowledge vital articles in Physical sciences
1646:Expansion sounds good. Or maybe even convert
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209:and see a list of open tasks.
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120:and see a list of open tasks.
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890:{\displaystyle V_{i}|_{i=1}}
839:{\displaystyle V_{j}|_{j=1}}
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1668:The content of the section
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1103:The last aspect involving V
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546:{\displaystyle \phi _{1}}
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1453:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1385:
1382:
1375:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1156:Mole fraction
1153:
1152:Mass fraction
1149:
1148:Mole fraction
1145:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:213.233.84.33
1102:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1065:
1061:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1005:
998:
994:
988:
983:
979:
970:
966:
962:
958:
957:
956:
955:
950:
946:
942:
937:
933:
932:
931:
930:
927:
923:
919:
914:
913:
910:
907:
904:
900:
882:
879:
876:
864:
860:
852:
851:
849:
831:
828:
825:
813:
809:
801:
800:
798:
797:
796:
795:
791:
787:
786:Michael Hardy
783:
779:
775:
753:
749:
743:
739:
732:
728:
714:
713:
709:
705:
680:
676:
670:
666:
659:
655:
649:
644:
640:
632:
631:
630:
608:
604:
598:
594:
587:
583:
577:
572:
568:
560:
559:
558:
556:
538:
534:
508:
504:
500:
495:
494:
493:
489:
485:
484:188.26.22.131
481:
477:
476:
475:
471:
467:
463:
454:
453:
452:
449:
447:
438:
433:
432:
431:
427:
423:
422:188.26.22.131
419:
418:
417:
414:
412:
403:
399:
398:
397:
393:
389:
388:188.26.22.131
385:
384:
383:
380:
378:
368:
367:
366:
365:
361:
357:
356:188.26.22.131
348:
342:
338:
334:
333:188.26.22.131
330:
329:
328:
324:
320:
316:
315:
314:
313:
309:
305:
304:188.26.22.131
298:Measurability
297:
290:
289:its talk page
285:
280:
276:
272:
271:
266:
259:
258:
242:
238:
232:
229:
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208:
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200:
199:
194:
191:
187:
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182:
176:
173:
170:
166:
153:
149:
143:
140:
139:
136:
119:
115:
111:
110:
102:
96:
91:
89:
86:
82:
81:
77:
71:
68:
65:
61:
56:
52:
46:
38:
37:
27:
23:
18:
17:
1669:
1620:
1618:
1595:
1576:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1302:
1296:
1288:
1281:
1278:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1255:
1254:sec. 7.10.2
1251:
1232:
1214:— Preceding
1211:
1192:
1175:
1144:Mass percent
1134:
1086:
1082:
968:
964:
960:
935:
903:Arthur Rubin
781:
777:
773:
715:
700:
628:
554:
525:
461:
442:
407:
401:
373:
352:
301:
268:
236:
196:
147:
107:
51:WikiProjects
34:
1602:82.137.11.8
1579:85.121.32.1
1360:Fgnievinski
1305:Fgnievinski
1180:Wayne Jayes
1160:Fgnievinski
284:its history
41:Start-class
1726:Categories
1619:A section
1338:Axiosaurus
1197:RolfSander
1085:= 1, ...,
466:RolfSander
319:RolfSander
273:page were
1654:section.
918:LokiClock
354:mixing.--
212:Chemistry
203:chemistry
175:Chemistry
39:is rated
1291:= 1000 V
1270:sec 7.4
1216:unsigned
704:D.Lazard
557:by 1 in
965:correct
239:on the
150:on the
123:Physics
114:Physics
70:Physics
1707:DMacks
1656:DMacks
1295:Note:
1131:Merger
906:(talk)
457:HHIPPO
445:HHIPPO
410:HHIPPO
376:HHIPPO
275:merged
47:scale.
1491:? or
1193:Agree
1176:Agree
1138:into
277:into
28:This
1711:talk
1697:talk
1683:talk
1660:talk
1637:talk
1606:talk
1583:talk
1364:talk
1342:talk
1325:talk
1309:talk
1268:and
1248:%vol
1239:talk
1224:talk
1201:talk
1184:talk
1164:talk
1154:and
1146:and
1117:talk
1095:talk
963:and
945:talk
922:talk
790:talk
708:talk
503:talk
488:talk
470:talk
439:. —
426:talk
402:need
392:talk
360:talk
337:talk
323:talk
308:talk
231:High
1631:.--
1562:100
1479:100
1293:max
1285:max
1089:.)
936:bad
142:Low
1728::
1713:)
1699:)
1685:)
1662:)
1639:)
1608:)
1585:)
1574:?
1524:−
1502:Δ
1499:%
1419:−
1397:Δ
1394:%
1366:)
1358:.
1344:)
1327:)
1311:)
1275::
1259::
1241:)
1226:)
1203:)
1186:)
1166:)
1142:;
1119:)
1097:)
980:ϕ
947:)
924:)
792:)
740:∑
710:)
667:∑
641:ϕ
595:∑
569:ϕ
535:ϕ
505:)
490:)
472:)
428:)
394:)
370:—
362:)
339:)
325:)
310:)
1709:(
1695:(
1681:(
1658:(
1635:(
1604:(
1581:(
1557:V
1553:)
1548:2
1544:V
1540:+
1535:1
1531:V
1527:(
1521:V
1515:=
1510:r
1506:V
1471:2
1467:V
1463:+
1458:1
1454:V
1448:)
1443:2
1439:V
1435:+
1430:1
1426:V
1422:(
1416:V
1410:=
1405:r
1401:V
1362:(
1340:(
1323:(
1307:(
1297:V
1289:V
1282:V
1237:(
1222:(
1199:(
1182:(
1162:(
1115:(
1109:5
1105:5
1093:(
1087:N
1083:j
1066:i
1062:V
1036:3
1032:V
1028:+
1023:2
1019:V
1015:+
1010:1
1006:V
999:5
995:V
989:=
984:5
969:N
943:(
920:(
883:1
880:=
877:i
872:|
865:i
861:V
832:1
829:=
826:j
821:|
814:j
810:V
788:(
782:i
778:i
774:i
754:i
750:V
744:i
733:i
729:V
706:(
681:i
677:V
671:i
660:i
656:V
650:=
645:i
609:i
605:V
599:i
588:j
584:V
578:=
573:j
555:j
539:1
501:(
486:(
468:(
462:V
443:H
424:(
408:H
390:(
374:H
358:(
335:(
321:(
306:(
291:.
243:.
154:.
53::
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