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1042:) was pear-shaped until the middle of the nineteenth century CE, and was built by scooping out the log. Today they are mostly built in the way of the guitar and even the smallest, the bisernica, has a constructed box. The fingerboard has frets . The head usually had a sharpened form, which can be found still on some bisernicas, but the "snail" design later got the supremacy. The snail headstock design dates from at least the 19th century and the Viennese guitars of
511:
25:
1055:
129:
767:) – The prim comes in a lot of shapes. Sometimes it has a different tune, or it has 6 strings instead of five. The standard that most students use has five strings (one double and three single) But sometimes it has six strings (two doubles and 2 singles). It's the smallest in the family ( (about 50 cm long), but is very loud. It is mostly used as a
726:
751:
609:. The oldest surviving and authenticated tambura known, which is still kept in a museum in Osijek, dates from 1847 and was owned by Pajo Kolarić of Osijek, who was also the founder of the first amateur tamburica orchestra. In honour of him, a festival called tamburitzan is held every year in Osijek.
636:
These tamburas did not use wire strings but rather gut strings pulled through little holes on the neck and tied behind. A woodworker, Josif, in
Sremski Karlovci began to make Marko's tamburas, but instead of the traditional pear shape, he made them into the shape of a little guitar. A bird catcher
677:
Tamburitza instruments displayed at permanent exhibition at The
Musical Instrument Museum (MIM) Phoenix, AZ 85050. Shell inlaid pear like brač and guitar like shaped brač and bugarija are made by Gilg, Sisak, Croatia. Smaller dark colored is brač made by B. Grđan, Gračani, Zagreb. The large dark
663:
Tamburica
Orchestra “KUD Zanatlija" of Koceljeva was a good example of the coexistence of both “Sremski” and “Farkaš” instruments in a single orchestra. This was once a common occurrence throughout Serbia and Croatia but is seen very rarely nowadays due to the dwindling usage of the “Farkaš”
696:– is a solo instrument that is rarely found as a part of the standard tamburica orchestra. The samica is thought to be the ancestor of the modern tamburica and usually consists of two doubled strings. The samica is traditionally played in
1181:, a member of the Radio Novi Sad orchestra who also had his own octet, was a popular performer whose name became synonymous with the tamburica. Famous tamburica orchestras of Serbia include those of Maksa Popov and Aleksandar Aranicki.
717:- Also known as a "Razbibriga", "Kozarica", "Tikvara", "Potpalac" or "Kuterevka" is another solo instrument very similar to the samica in both shape and sound. It is predominantly played in and around the region of
1196:-speaking inhabitants are descended from 16th Century Croatian immigrants, is the home of a tamburica orchestra, a reflection of its ethnic heritage. The orchestra performs frequently, often outside the village.
588:
at the end of the 17th century, the type of tambura most frequently used in
Croatia and Serbia had a long neck and two or three strings (sometimes doubled). Similar string instruments include the Czech
858:
The čelo-berde or the standing čelo- it has four strings and it is played vertically, but you sit while you play. It is used for the bass but it is not a very popular instrument in the tambura family.
612:
The development process of the modern tamburica was initiated by several
Serbian and Croatian citizens over a period of time. The original long neck, pear shaped tamburica was called the
1355:
Elizabeth
Jeffreys, John Haldon, Robin Cormack, The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies, Oxford University Press, 2008, p. 928. Nikos Maliaras, Byzantina mousika organa, EPN 1023,
855:) – It is similar to the bugarija, but it plays in the bass key, there are no chords and the head is similar to the contrabass, but you play it like any other tambura in the family.
1754:
1157:
was founded in 1951 under the leadership of Sava
Vukosavljev, who composed and arranged many pieces for tamburica orchestra and published a comprehensive book
1569:
779:"biser" meaning "pearl") is another name for the "prim". It's also referred to "Tamburica". The name comes from the Croatian diminutive of the word "Tambura"
502:. The variety of tamburica shapes known today were developed in Serbia and Croatia by a number of indigenous contributors near the end of the 19th century.
637:
named Joza built a large tambura-much bigger than a guitar in 1877 or 1878. It stretched two thicker and two thinner strings on it and Joza called it the
798:) – It has one double string and three single strings. (basprim), a slightly bigger, lower instrument than the bisernica but played in a similar fashion.
682:
The number of strings on a tamburica varies and it may have single or double-coursed strings or a mixture of both. Double-coursed strings are tuned in
581:
and further, although this theory is not consistent with the generally accepted view that the ancestor of the tamboura is the ancient Greek pandouris.
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1112:", in 1882. Croatian composers for the tamburica include Franjo Ksaver Kuhač, Siniša Leopold and Julije Njikoš. The instrument is associated with
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738:- is a lesser known tambura with three strings (hence the name "trožica" lit. "three stringed"). It was played in the
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885:. It can only be played standing and is used for playing bass lines. It could also be played sitting down by using a
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Directed by Jill
Godmilow, Martin Koenig and Ethel Raim. Produced by Mary Koenig, Ethel Raim and Jill Godmilow.
628:. Among these refugees was a man named Marko Capkun who brought two tamburas with him. He called the small one
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which had 4 strings tuned in an upper A chord was used only as an accompaniment instrument, it originated in
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in the 19th century. The instruments' names came from the
Hungarian names of the musical instruments of the
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or a Double Bass Chair, & the advantage is it allows the instrument to sit flat against the stomach.
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828:, mostly plays chords on the "back beat" for rhythm. A bugarija has four strings, the bottom pair are
57:
1763:
776:
585:
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805:– originally has one double string and three single strings. It's a deeper version of the basprim.
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624:. During the autumn of 1875, after a rebellion in Bosnia had broken out, many refugees arrived in
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881:) – four strings. It is the largest instrument in the tamburica family, and is similar to
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can have various formats from a trio to a large orchestra. A basic trio consists of a
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471:(predominantly amongst its ethnic South Slavic minority groups). It is also known in
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in 1847. Kolarić's student Mijo Majer formed the first tamburica choir led by a
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and often paired. The frets may be moveable to allow the playing of various
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Volly István: Bajai tamburások – A bajai tamburazenekar története (1964.)
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The tamburica is made in three parts; body, neck and head. The body (
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550:, Escorial version, vv. 826–827, ed. and transl. Elizabeth Jeffrey).
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1267:, a magazine about tambura music, published triannually in Serbia.
721:. It is typically larger than the samica and tuned to a lower note.
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The
Tamburitza Tradition: From the Balkans to the American Midwest
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There is a view that the first tambura orchestra was formed in
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There is little reliable data showing how the tamboura entered
561:, from where the instrument spread further with migrations of
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18:
1622:
645:
They developed an orchestra with a little tambura called the
1614:
1493:"The Tamburitza and the preservation of Croatian folk music"
1482:
Magyar Néprajzi Lexikon, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1977–1982
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1633:
The Tamburitza and the preservation of Croatian folk music
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in association with the Center for Visual Anthropology,
479:. All took their name and some characteristics from the
1610:
Tamburizza.at – Tamburizza Verein Ivan Vukovic-Parndorf
1100:, who formed the first amateur tamburica orchestra in
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1684:Publikált népzenei felvételek -- On-line adatbázis
1671:Publikált népzenei felvételek -- On-line adatbázis
1127:, collected more than 19,000 Croatian folk songs.
1605:TamburicaOrg – tamburaški portal – tambura portal
463:(of which it is the national string instrument),
1096:The first major composer for the tamburica was
921:). These orchestras soon spread to what is now
542:. The instrument was referred to as θαμπούριν,
1697:Tamburaško društvo Ivan Vuković Pandrof - Shop
1748:
824:) – It has four single strings, similar to a
8:
1422:"ATLAS of Plucked Instruments - Europe East"
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616:and it came in a small or larger size. The
1755:
1741:
1733:
553:It is said it was probably brought by the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1545:"THE POPOVICH BROTHERS OF SOUTH CHICAGO"
1129:
1053:
530:and Slavs used to call "pandouras" (see
1570:"Ziveli: Medicine for the Heart (1989)"
1469:
1467:
1318:
1239:. Based on ethnography by Andre Simic.
943:
1708:Janika Balaž and his orchestra: "Fala"
1518:"Schandorf Čemba: TAMBURIZZAORCHESTER"
1211:The Popovich Brothers of South Chicago
1027:bas (berda, begeš, bőgős, tamburabőgő)
909:) and from the Hungarian Gipsy bands (
120:
1691:, Tamburica ensemble "Ivan Vuković",
1639:The San Francisco Tamburitza Festival
7:
1324:
1322:
423:) refers to a family of long-necked
47:adding citations to reliable sources
514:The area where tamburica is played.
971:brač (brács, basprim, basszprím, )
494:in the sense that its strings are
14:
1237:University of Southern California
1165:"). There are also orchestras of
1153:The Grand Tamburica Orchestra of
1663:"Aki leány akar lenni" (csárdás)
1623:Tamburica Association of America
1335:. University of Wisconsin Pres.
1058:Hungarian tamburica ensemble in
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546:in the Byzantine Empire (confer
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2090:Montenegrin musical instruments
1651:"Ugrós, lassú és friss csárdás"
1628:About tamburica – short history
1543:Ebert, Roger (March 28, 1978).
771:or harmonizing instrument. The
34:needs additional citations for
1635:, by Michael B. Savor (Canada)
1222:Ziveli! Medicine for the Heart
1085:. Larger orchestras also have
391:'little tamboura') or
1:
2115:Slovenian musical instruments
2110:Hungarian musical instruments
1426:Atlasofpluckedinstruments.com
1329:March, Richard (2013-11-14).
2095:Croatian musical instruments
1243:: Flower Films & Video.
586:Great Migration of the Serbs
522:. It already existed during
2105:Serbian musical instruments
2085:Bosnian musical instruments
1380:Glazbeni Ansambl Trešnjevka
419:
16:Family of long-necked lutes
2136:
836:and the top two are tuned
999:bugarija (brácsó, kontra)
538:" the ancestor of modern
408:
380:
159:
126:
1830:Six-Hole and Long Flutes
1572:. Movies & TV Dept.
1302:Marko Nešić (born 1872)
1227:Filmed and directed by
1050:Composers and ensembles
832:, the middle string is
1578:. 2016. Archived from
1241:El Cerrito, California
1205:Films about tamburicas
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486:but also resemble the
457:Bosnia and Herzegovina
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1044:Johann Georg Stauffer
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2100:Culture of Vojvodina
1764:Hungarian folk music
1702:Z. Tonković: "Sjene"
777:Serbian and Croatian
362:; sometimes written
43:improve this article
1497:Croatianhistory.net
1159:Vojvođanska tambura
632:and the larger one
154:Related instruments
123:
2120:String instruments
1717:"Deronjski valcer"
1710:(Croatia/Zagorje)
1689:"Zvečera se šečem"
1575:The New York Times
1200:In popular culture
1151:
1123:, an associate of
1067:
1034:Parts of tamburica
945:Types of tamburica
901:("cselló" meaning
899:symphony orchestra
756:
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669:Types of tamburica
666:
516:
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2071:
1376:"Over tamburitza"
1361:978-960-7554-44-4
1161:("The Tambura of
905:, "bőgő" meaning
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137:String instrument
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1780:Cegléd water jug
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957:prim (bisernica)
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740:Bosanska Krajina
678:colored is čelo.
626:Sremski Karlovci
573:to all parts of
524:Byzantine Empire
429:Southeast Europe
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2013:Hungarian minor
2008:Hungarian gypsy
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1676:"Lassú csárdás"
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1582:on 6 March 2016
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754:Tambura Trožica
736:Tambura Trožica
729:Lička Dangubica
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1549:rogerebert.com
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1645:Music samples
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
48:
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38:
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32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2058:
2048:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1958:
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1912:
1906:
1905:
1901:Stroh violin
1893:
1886:
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1857:Chordophones
1834:
1817:
1584:. Retrieved
1580:the original
1573:
1564:
1552:. Retrieved
1548:
1538:
1526:. Retrieved
1522:the original
1512:
1500:. Retrieved
1496:
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1454:. Retrieved
1450:
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1429:. Retrieved
1425:
1416:
1405:. Retrieved
1401:
1392:
1384:the original
1379:
1351:
1331:
1264:Svet Tambure
1262:
1261:
1258:Publications
1233:Flower Films
1221:
1210:
1183:
1179:Janika Balaž
1158:
1152:
1139:
1136:Janika Balaž
1134:Monument of
1121:Vinko Žganec
1098:Pajo Kolarić
1095:
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105:
99:January 2009
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1882:Hurdy-gurdy
1877:Double bass
1655:Bátmonostor
1398:"O tamburi"
1125:Béla Bartók
1117:nationalism
871:tamburabőgő
595:Turkish saz
427:popular in
364:tamburrizza
58:"Tamburica"
2079:Categories
2028:Pentatonic
2023:Mixolydian
1800:Aerophones
1790:Tambourine
1785:Jew's harp
1772:Percussion
1695:, Austria
1682:, Hungary
1669:, Hungary
1657:, Hungary
1456:15 January
1407:2016-03-30
1313:References
1169:and Radio
1093:tamburas.
1071:orchestras
1069:Tamburica
907:contrabass
883:contrabass
584:Until the
571:Sava River
569:above the
544:thambourin
526:, and the
473:Burgenland
368:tamburitza
178:Tar (lute)
69:newspapers
1981:Verbunkos
1914:Ütőgardon
1847:Wood horn
1825:Reed pipe
1808:Accordion
1704:(Croatia)
1667:Bogyiszló
1451:gajde.com
1402:Svita.net
1277:Tambouras
1229:Les Blank
1186:Schandorf
1171:Podgorica
1163:Vojvodina
1138:with his
1106:conductor
1087:bas-prims
1040:sound box
887:bar stool
796:basszprím
773:bisernica
714:Dangubica
706:Vojvodina
536:tambouras
441:Vojvodina
420:tampourás
414:romanized
409:ταμπουράς
397:Hungarian
381:тамбурица
376:tamburica
251:Tamburica
201:Tambouras
187:Tamburica
168:Dangubica
122:Tamburica
2033:Phrygian
1967:Legényes
1960:Lánytánc
1946:Karikázó
1865:Cimbalom
1836:Tárogató
1813:Clarinet
1693:Parndorf
1528:20 April
1502:20 April
1431:20 April
1271:See also
1194:Croatian
1192:, whose
1173:, Radio
1144:Novi Sad
1114:Croatian
939:Slovakia
931:Slovenia
810:bugarija
698:Slavonia
634:sarkija.
622:Dalmatia
607:bouzouki
603:çiftelia
597:and the
591:bratsche
567:Bunjevci
540:bouzouki
532:pandoura
488:mandolin
465:Slovenia
393:tamboura
211:Bouzouki
163:Chonguri
2064:(dance)
2060:Táncház
1998:Aeolian
1953:Körtánc
1939:Csárdás
1907:Tambura
1721:Deronje
1719:, from
1678:, from
1665:, from
1653:, from
1586:25 June
1554:25 June
1287:Tambura
1282:Tanpura
1224:(1987)
1213:(1978)
1190:Austria
1175:Kikinda
985:čelović
927:Austria
895:Hungary
803:čelović
788:basprim
702:Baranja
664:system.
647:prima ,
643:berdon.
618:kontra,
599:sargija
575:Croatia
506:History
496:plucked
481:Persian
477:Austria
469:Hungary
461:Croatia
453:Tamnava
416::
401:tambura
389:
241:Šargija
236:Baglama
231:Tambura
225:Lebanon
148:Plucked
83:scholar
2054:(song)
2042:Styles
2018:Ionian
2003:Dorian
1991:Scales
1930:Dances
1920:Violin
1895:Kontra
1871:Citera
1725:Serbia
1359:
1339:
1297:Tambur
1292:Tanbur
1247:
1148:Serbia
1102:Osijek
1081:and a
1079:kontra
1064:Serbia
933:, the
923:Bosnia
919:kontra
853:cselló
826:guitar
822:kontra
818:brácsó
814:kontra
775:(from
744:kozara
693:Samica
684:unison
653:and 1
651:kontra
630:icitel
614:samica
579:Serbia
559:Bosnia
534:) or "
528:Greeks
492:guitar
484:tanbur
467:, and
449:Posavo
437:Serbia
300:-it-sə
215:Greece
205:Greece
195:Turkey
191:Tambur
173:Samica
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1974:Ugrós
1888:Koboz
1680:Dávod
1177:etc.
1060:Bečej
911:bőgős
903:cello
879:bőgős
875:begeš
867:berda
792:brács
563:Šokci
555:Turks
500:modes
445:Mačva
425:lutes
405:Greek
355:-bər-
221:Buzuq
183:Setar
90:JSTOR
76:books
2050:Nóta
1819:Duda
1588:2014
1556:2014
1530:2021
1504:2021
1458:2023
1433:2021
1357:ISBN
1337:ISBN
1245:ISBN
1140:prim
1110:Lira
1089:and
1083:čelo
1077:, a
1075:prim
937:and
915:prím
861:The
849:čelo
847:The
840:and
808:The
801:The
784:brač
782:The
765:prím
761:prim
759:The
742:and
734:The
719:Lika
711:The
704:and
690:The
655:bas.
605:and
565:and
490:and
447:and
439:(in
431:and
387:lit.
298:BOOR
296:tam-
62:news
1188:in
865:or
863:bas
820:or
812:or
794:or
786:or
641:or
639:bas
557:to
455:),
366:or
359:-sə
353:TAM
303:or
275:ʊər
45:by
2081::
1723:,
1547:.
1495:.
1466:^
1449:.
1424:.
1400:.
1378:.
1367:^
1321:^
1146:,
1119:.
1062:,
1046:.
941:.
929:,
925:,
917:,
913:,
842:F#
838:F#
700:,
649:5
601:,
593:,
577:,
475:,
459:,
443:,
411:,
407::
403:;
399::
384:,
378:/
374::
370:;
357:IT
1756:e
1749:t
1742:v
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1532:.
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1460:.
1435:.
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851:(
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830:D
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790:(
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346:/
343:ə
340:s
337:t
334:ɪ
331:r
328:ˈ
325:ə
322:b
319:m
316:æ
313:t
310:ˌ
307:/
290:/
287:ə
284:s
281:t
278:ɪ
272:b
269:ˈ
266:m
263:æ
260:t
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253:(
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223:(
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213:(
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112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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