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552:, but Henry returned to Italy later that year, with his army financed by the lucrative ransom of Richard I. Naples surrendered in May, almost without a blow, and the rest of the Regno followed. Sybilla and the loyal Margaritus prepared to defend Palermo, but the citizens admitted the Emperor on 20 November 1194. Tancred's family fell into Henry's hands, and William III, rumoured castrated and blinded, seemed to have died in Germany in 1198. Henry also had the body of Tancred pulled out of his grave.
273:, was destined to be crowned in place of William, but soon the populace supported the accession of Simon himself. Before Simon could put himself forward as a candidate, however, the rebellion had broken down and the people were restless. The insurrectionists were forced to free the king and retreat to their castles. Pardon was given them on condition of exile and many, including Tancred, took the offer. Tancred was exiled to
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499:, an important prize given that Henry had every intention of returning. Tancred angrily blamed Constance for German invasion, but Constance, in her attire as empress, replied that she was taking back her dominion grabbed by Tancred. Despite this Tancred always treated his aunt, now detained, honourably with courtesy, which his wife
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with her or view her as the legal heiress of Sicily, but
Tancred did not agree, worrying that this would harm his popularity; instead, he suggested Sybilla to consult with Matthew d'Ajello, and after receiving a letter written by Matthew d'Ajello in presence of Sybilla, he had Constance locked in
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strongly opposed, believing this would implicitly acknowledge the claim of the latter. Constance was sent to
Palermo supervised by Sibylla, eating with her and sleeping in her bedroom. Sybilla suggested that Constance be put to death after sensing that the citizens of Palermo seemed to sympathize
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Once Henry had withdrawn with the bulk of the imperial army, the towns that had supposedly fallen to the empire immediately declared their allegiance to
Tancred, for the most part now fearing his retribution. The populace of Salerno saw an opportunity to win some favour with Tancred and delivered
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in Naples to be better-guarded. With the empress in his hand
Tancred initially wanted to force Henry into a cease-fire and would not permit her to be ransomed unless Henry recognized him. In 1192 he created Margaritus Count of Malta, perhaps for his unexpected success in capturing the empress.
471:, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband at the head of a substantial imperial army that descended into the Regno. The northern towns of the kingdom opened their gates to Henry, including the earliest Norman strongholds
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legitimizing him as King of Sicily. In turn, the Pope was hoping that by securing
Constance's safe passage back to Rome, Henry would be better disposed towards the papacy, and he was still hoping to keep the empire and the kingdom from uniting. Under the Pope's threat of
491:'s fleet, until much of the imperial army had succumbed to malaria and disease. Eventually the imperial army was forced to withdraw from the kingdom altogether. Constance remained in Salerno with a small garrison, as a sign that Henry would soon return.
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revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking
Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter.
418:(in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La Bagnara.
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his brother-in-law to
Durazzo to attack the core of the Byzantine Empire. In August, surrounded by navy and army, Thessaloniki was occupied and looted. The Sicilian army was then heavily damaged by the army of the Byzantine emperor
330:, had rebelled against Byzantine), captured 70 warships of Isaac II easily, expelled the Byzantine generals who came there, causing the greatest naval loss of Byzantine empire; later Margaritus was appointed as Counts of
518:, Tancred was forced to do so and gave Constance gifts. However, imperial soldiers were able to intervene at the borders of the Papal States before Constance made it to Rome; and they returned her safely across the
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Despite having sworn fealty to
Constance, as soon as William II died, in 1189, Tancred rebelled and seized control of the island. He was crowned early in 1190. His coup was backed by the vice chancellor
798:
An introduction to the history of the principal states of Europe, Vol. 2, p. 129, Samuel
Pufendorf (Freiherr von), Antoine Augustin Bruzen de La Martinière, Joseph Sayer
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After signing the treaty
Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was
529:(June 1192) he reinforced his papal support by surrendering the royal legateship over Sicily. In 1192 and 1193 he personally led successful campaigns against the
483:, once Roger II's mainland capital, sent word ahead that Henry was welcome and invited Constance to stay in her father's old palace to escape the summer heat.
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arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife
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After the death of Duke Roger, to prevent any future trouble, King Roger II kept Tancred and his younger brother William in close custody in Palermo.
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as his heir presumptive, and Tancred promised to marry one of his daughters to Arthur when he came of age (Arthur was four years old at the time).
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Tancred was the governor of Lecce: he built the Church of St. Nicholas in Catado in Lecce (1180); he built the complex of St. Maria church near
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Henry had left garrisons along the frontiers of the Regno. Tancred now sought to win over the towns by extensive grants of privileges. At
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As William II was heirless, Tancred had a chance to claim the throne; to prevent this, in October 1184 William released his aunt
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Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According to the treaty's main terms:
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Richard and Philip recognised Tancred as King of Sicily and vowed to keep the peace among all three of their kingdoms.
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Tancred was a good soldier, though his tiny stature earned him the nickname "Tancredulus" from the poet chronicler
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Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in
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and was annihilated on the way back to the Balkans, while the fleet of Tancred returned to Sicily unharmed.
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M. I. Finley, Denis Mack Smith and Christopher Duggan, A History of Sicily (New York: Viking, 1987), p. 65.
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in summer 1192. So both Tancred and Pope effectively gained nothing from the captivity of the Empress.
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However, Tancred was willing to give up his negotiation advantage, that is, his aunt, in exchange for
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Magnus comito Tancredus, Storiografia e storia, Studi in onore di Eugenio Dupré Theiseider II
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brother-in-law of Tancred tricked Roger into captivity and execution. Matthew also persuaded
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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A History of the Crusades, vol. II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East 1100-1187
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offered the first resistance of the whole campaign, withstanding a siege with the help of
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but when they realised that their expected allies would not be coming (due to King
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In June 1185, Tancred led a huge Sicilian fleet of 300 ships under the command of
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and returned to Sicily in 1166 upon the accession of the new king, his cousin
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and the official class, while the rival claims of Constance and her husband,
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a large fleet to Egypt on behalf of William II. The Sicilians landed near
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779:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 395.
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537:(20 February 1194) two months after that of his young son and co-king,
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from monastery, approved her marriage and designated her as his heir.
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English Writers: An Attempt Towards a History of English Literature
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Joan was to be released, receiving her dower along with the dowry.
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Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by
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to support Tancred, and Tancred appointed Matthew as chancellor.
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led the Norman fleet to Cyprus (the governor of Cyprus,
823:, transl. Martin Hall and Jonathan Philips(Mike Carr),
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53:Tancred of Sicily with his sons Roger and William
821:Caffaro, Genoa and the Twelfth-Century Crusades
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443:Richard officially proclaimed his nephew
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638:This article includes a list of general
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1469:Christians of the Third Crusade
734:Gisleberti chronicon Hanoniense
349:and the important works in the
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32:Tancred, King of Sicily (play)
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27:12th-century king of Sicily
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322:In June 1186, Tancred and
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232:Roger III, Duke of Apulia
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196:Roger III, Duke of Apulia
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312:Richard, Count of Acerra
271:Roger IV, Duke of Apulia
259:Simon, Prince of Taranto
776:Encyclopædia Britannica
659:more precise citations.
69:1189 – 20 February 1194
1321:(1200–1205, 1266–1356)
842:The Kingdom in the Sun
489:Margaritus of Brindisi
377:Roger, Count of Andria
324:Margaritus of Brindisi
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1291:Hohenstaufen
1274:
1133:Ferdinand II
1083:Frederick II
1068:Constance II
1012:
909:
904:Geoffrey III
883:
875:
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595:Pietro Ziani
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250:Early career
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211:
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123:(1194-02-20)
36:
1444:1194 deaths
1439:1138 births
1390:(1393–1463)
1358:(1356–1393)
1294:(1194–1200)
1270:Godfrey III
1242:(1055–1194)
1163:Charles III
1118:Ferdinand I
1038:Frederick I
1028:Constance I
1023:William III
991:(1130–1816)
962:(1071–1130)
894:William III
704:F. Giunta,
657:introducing
575:William III
550:William III
544:His widow,
88:William III
74:Predecessor
1433:Categories
1344:Walter III
1260:Godfrey II
1239:Hauteville
1178:Charles IV
1158:Philip III
1143:Charles II
1008:William II
915:1181–1194
870:William II
835:References
640:references
609:, married
593:, married
336:Cephalonia
290:Alexandria
279:William II
186:Hauteville
78:William II
1408:Ladislaus
1385:House of
1353:House of
1339:Walter II
1316:House of
1289:House of
1265:Achard II
1255:Godfrey I
1237:House of
1183:Charles V
1168:Philip IV
1153:Philip II
1123:Alfonso I
1113:Martin II
1063:Charles I
1053:Conrad II
1018:Roger III
1003:William I
886:Roger III
881:1189–1194
591:Constance
565:Roger III
539:Roger III
453:Excalibur
402:In 1190,
362:Accession
347:Squinzano
332:Zakynthos
305:Constance
263:William I
170:Constance
84:Successor
1398:Raimondo
1329:Walter I
1148:Philip I
1108:Martin I
1088:Peter II
1048:Conrad I
1043:Henry II
998:Roger II
979:Roger II
613:, later
607:Valdrada
597:, later
373:Henry VI
357:Kingship
317:Isaac II
267:Margaret
220:Tancredi
174:Valdrada
1402:dominus
1355:Enghien
1318:Brienne
1280:William
1275:Tancred
1250:Raynald
1078:James I
1073:Peter I
1058:Manfred
1033:Henry I
1013:Tancred
969:Roger I
771:Tancred
764::
653:improve
603:Medania
535:Palermo
531:Apulian
527:Gravina
497:Messina
481:Salerno
427:Messina
298:Saladin
216:Italian
212:Tancred
42:Tancred
1387:Orsini
1138:Joanna
852:
758:
642:, but
581:Elvira
556:Family
485:Naples
477:Aversa
340:Ithaki
338:, and
202:Mother
192:Father
166:Elvira
142:Spouse
130:Burial
108:Apulia
1302:Henry
1103:Maria
1093:Louis
974:Simon
884:with
621:Notes
473:Capua
416:dower
412:dowry
228:Lecce
181:House
153:Issue
104:Lecce
66:Reign
1334:Hugh
1128:John
850:ISBN
520:Alps
475:and
465:Rome
414:and
408:Joan
265:and
118:Died
101:1138
98:Born
773:".
479:.
286:led
110:),
1435::
848:,
741:^
720:,
567:,
353:.
342:.
334:,
281:.
218::
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1208:v
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937:t
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678:)
672:(
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663:(
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