355:
543:
221:
80:
55:
31:
590:
may also be consumed on rare occasions. Juvenile rays consume polychaetes and crustaceans in roughly equal proportions, while adults consume mostly polychaetes. This dietary shift may reflect increasing experience with age, as polychaetes are burrowing animals and thus more difficult to locate and
655:
of
Australia's South East Trawl Fishery, which operate throughout its range. It is discarded after capture with an unknown, but probably high, rate of survival. Although numbfish can deliver an electric shock if they are handled, it is relatively weak compared with the shocks delivered by other
482:. The Tasmanian numbfish is plain dark brown above, becoming lighter on the fins. The underside is white, sometimes with a few dark blotches. Many juveniles also exhibit a darker midline stripe along the back, along with darker blotches over the disc and at the dorsal fin bases.
450:
are located on either side of the head. There is a curtain of skin between the nostrils with a three-lobed posterior margin. The narrow, highly protrusible mouth is encircled by a deep groove. The teeth are small and diamond-shaped with pointed tips; they are arranged with a
297:
disc with concave anterior margins, long tail with well-developed skin folds along either side, and plain dark brown dorsal colouration. Its maximum known length is 47 cm (19 in).
470:
that extend past the pelvic fin rear tips. The broad and flattened tail is about a quarter longer than the disc and bears prominent skin folds along both sides. There are two
1298:
1175:
661:
343:
1188:
1278:
478:; the upper caudal fin lobe is somewhat angular, especially in adult males, while the lower lobe is rounded. The skin often bears creases and is devoid of
1288:
1149:
1293:
849:"The phylogenetic relationships among requiem and hammerhead sharks: inferring phylogeny when thousands of equally most parsimonious trees result"
950:
918:
757:
635:. Females bear litters of one to eight pups (average eight); newborns measure 9–12 cm (3.5–4.7 in) long. Males and females attain
968:"Niche overlap and trophic resource partitioning of two sympatric batoids co‐inhabiting an estuarine system in southeast Australia"
1283:
1237:
474:
of roughly equal size and shape, with the first originating over the rear tips of the pelvic fins. The tail terminates in a low
1303:
660:, therefore they are considered relatively harmless. This species does not appear to be threatened by human activity, so the
442:
disc with a short, blunt snout and concave leading margins. The medium-sized eyes are followed by smaller, nearly circular
848:
937:
de
Carvalho, M.R. (2008). "New species of numbfishes from Australia, with a key to Australian electric rays of the genus
366:
210:
1123:
1110:
1193:
907:
Last, Peter; White, William; de
Carvalho, Marcelo; Séret, Bernard; Stehmann, Matthias; Naylor, Gavin, eds. (2016).
591:
capture than crustaceans. Like other members of its family, the
Tasmanian numbfish can defend itself with a modest
527:
79:
600:
547:
941:
Henle, 1834 (Chondrichthyes: Torpediniformes: Narcinidae)". In Last, P.R.; White, W.T.; Pogonoski, J.J. (eds.).
1001:"Predator-prey relationships and foraging ecology of a marine apex predator with a wide temperate distribution"
447:
1255:
612:
380:
1078:
554:
The
Tasmanian numbfish is a fairly inactive species that spends long periods of time buried motionless in
443:
1128:
338:. However, its population does not appear to be threatened by human activity and it has been assessed as
391:
194:
354:
1229:
542:
1242:
1203:
1012:
358:
Illustration of the
Tasmanian numbfish holotype by John Richardson, author of the species description
715:
44:
639:
at lengths of 21–26 cm (8.3–10.2 in) and 20–26 cm (7.9–10.2 in) respectively.
438:
Reaching a length of at least 47 cm (19 in), the
Tasmanian numbfish has a trowel-shaped
402:
for this species include electric ray, electric torpedo, little numbfish, and numbfish. In a 2012
889:
419:
233:
74:
220:
1180:
1211:
1136:
946:
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30:
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999:
Barnett, A.; Abrantes, K.; Stevens, J.D.; Yick, J.L.; Frusher, S.D.; Semmens, J.M. (2010).
455:
pattern into bands, which remain exposed when the mouth is closed. There are five pairs of
559:
499:
479:
304:
274:
426:). In 2016, the Tasmanian numbfish was re-classified as a part of the resurrected genus,
1016:
867:
592:
312:
131:
121:
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1035:
984:
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1141:
657:
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439:
415:
403:
300:
294:
263:
151:
1162:
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327:; the litter size ranges from one to eight. The Tasmanian numbfish is a common
624:
587:
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567:
563:
475:
471:
463:
363:
320:
308:
270:
161:
491:
456:
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335:
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91:
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398:. Richardson noted that the ray was known locally as "ground shark". Other
1095:
876:
632:
617:
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583:
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571:
555:
510:, and encompasses all of Tasmania. Around Tasmania, it can be found from
452:
395:
387:
316:
141:
111:
418:, with the Tasmanian numbfish belonging to a different lineage than the
1250:
1154:
648:
511:
467:
375:
328:
290:
259:
1167:
1025:
1000:
628:
289:
waters in the northern portion of its range. It prefers sand and mud
101:
1072:
1224:
652:
541:
353:
332:
534:. Mature rays of both sexes appear to live apart from juveniles.
531:
324:
1076:
775:"On some new or little known fishes from the Australian seas"
390:, a female 36 cm (14 in) long, was collected from
369:
described the
Tasmanian numbfish in an 1841 contribution to
945:. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research. pp. 241–260.
752:(second ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 322.
1060:
Papers and
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania
285:
waters in the southern portion of its range and deeper
530:
and is sometimes encountered in the vicinity of rocky
522:
at depths of 200–640 m (660–2,100 ft). This
303:
and sedentary, the
Tasmanian numbfish feeds mainly on
514:
waters to a depth of 100 m (330 ft) on the
293:. This species can be identified by its spade-shaped
1085:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
518:. In more northerly waters, it inhabits the upper
490:The Tasmanian numbfish is common off southeastern
311:. As in all numbfishes, it can produce a moderate
1054:, a new cestode from the Tasmanian electric ray (
966:Yick, J.L.; Tracey, S.R.; White, R.W.G. (2011).
807:Transactions of the Zoological Society of London
830:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
779:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
716:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T161628A68635314.en
371:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
943:Descriptions of new Australian Chondrichthyans
826:"On some new species of fishes from Australia"
662:International Union for Conservation of Nature
344:International Union for Conservation of Nature
796:
794:
792:
546:The Tasmanian numbfish is preyed upon by the
323:, with the unborn young sustained to term by
8:
466:are much longer than wide; adult males have
373:. Classifying the new species in the genus
1299:Taxa named by John Richardson (naturalist)
1073:
932:
930:
623:Reproduction in the Tasmanian numbfish is
219:
53:
29:
20:
1034:
1024:
983:
875:
803:"Description of Australian fish (Part 2)"
714:
676:
686:
684:
682:
680:
647:The Tasmanian numbfish is frequently
7:
1256:32D19EEA-00FD-48C8-AA2F-027D431044C1
1230:3230BBE3-5AE8-15CB-9CC9-77C4164ABE4D
1204:a0e186ad-6ff9-45fc-8495-6a9178886581
1279:IUCN Red List least concern species
702:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
281:, this common ray inhabits shallow
868:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1992.tb00073.x
748:Last, P.R.; Stevens, J.D. (2009).
691:Kyne, P.M.; Treloar, M.A. (2015).
562:(particularly those of the family
446:with smooth rims. A pair of large
14:
1289:Marine fish of Southern Australia
1050:Crowcroft, P.W. (1946). "Note on
526:species favours a sandy or muddy
985:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01819.x
78:
1294:Least concern biota of Oceania
1005:Marine Ecology Progress Series
972:Journal of Applied Ichthyology
1:
16:Species of cartilaginous fish
750:Sharks and Rays of Australia
631:nourished to term via their
664:(IUCN) has listed it under
1320:
601:broadnose sevengill shark
548:broadnose sevengill shark
494:; its range extends from
315:to defend itself against
239:
232:
227:
218:
200:
193:
75:Scientific classification
73:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
558:. It feeds primarily on
486:Distribution and habitat
228:Geographic range (blue)
1284:Marine fish of Tasmania
847:Naylor, G.J.P. (1992).
824:Richardson, J. (1840).
801:Richardson, J. (1844).
773:Richardson, J. (1841).
1304:Fish described in 1841
1052:Anthobothrium hickmani
709:: e.T161628A68635314.
695:Narcinops tasmaniensis
627:, with the developing
613:Anthobothrium hickmani
605:Notorynchus cepedianus
551:
359:
350:Taxonomy and phylogeny
255:Narcinops tasmaniensis
204:Narcinops tasmaniensis
1036:10536/DRO/DU:30048798
637:reproductive maturity
545:
357:
241:Narcine tasmaniensis
1116:Narcine_tasmaniensis
1087:Narcine tasmaniensis
1056:Narcine tasmaniensis
913:. CSIRO Publishing.
186:N. tasmaniensis
1017:2010MEPS..416..189B
649:caught incidentally
538:Biology and ecology
45:Conservation status
38:Preserved specimen
24:Tasmanian numbfish
643:Human interactions
552:
459:beneath the disc.
420:giant electric ray
360:
250:Tasmanian numbfish
1266:
1265:
1212:Open Tree of Life
1079:Taxon identifiers
1026:10.3354/meps08778
952:978-0-19-214241-2
920:978-0-643-10914-8
910:Rays of the World
759:978-0-674-03411-2
620:of this species.
520:continental slope
516:continental shelf
508:Western Australia
408:mitochondrial DNA
379:, he gave it the
287:continental slope
283:continental shelf
246:
245:
68:
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1038:
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996:
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987:
978:(5): 1272–1277.
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745:
728:
727:
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723:
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688:
560:polychaete worms
504:Esperance Plains
480:dermal denticles
414:was found to be
381:specific epithet
321:gives live birth
305:polychaete worms
277:to southeastern
223:
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83:
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33:
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524:bottom-dwelling
500:New South Wales
488:
462:The triangular
448:electric organs
436:
406:study based on
367:John Richardson
352:
319:. This species
301:Bottom-dwelling
214:
208:
202:
189:
152:Torpediniformes
77:
69:
58:
54:
47:
17:
12:
11:
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1058:Richardson)".
1042:
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958:
951:
926:
919:
899:
862:(4): 295–318.
839:
816:
788:
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729:
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673:
670:
644:
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593:electric shock
539:
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313:electric shock
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177:
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139:
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132:Elasmobranchii
129:
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122:Chondrichthyes
119:
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109:
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89:
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52:
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877:2027.42/73088
873:
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712:
708:
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703:
698:
696:
687:
685:
683:
681:
677:
671:
669:
667:
666:Least Concern
663:
659:
658:electric rays
654:
650:
642:
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638:
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621:
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496:Coffs Harbour
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341:
340:Least Concern
337:
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195:Binomial name
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87:
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66:
61:
60:Least Concern
50:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1086:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1008:
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975:
971:
961:
942:
938:
909:
902:
859:
855:
842:
833:
829:
819:
810:
806:
782:
778:
768:
749:
720:. Retrieved
706:
700:
694:
646:
622:
611:
604:
599:include the
553:
489:
461:
440:pectoral fin
437:
424:N. entemedor
423:
416:polyphyletic
411:
404:phylogenetic
400:common names
384:tasmaniensis
383:
374:
370:
361:
299:
295:pectoral fin
264:electric ray
254:
253:
249:
247:
240:
203:
201:
185:
184:
172:
138:Superorder:
18:
1163:iNaturalist
1011:: 189–200.
722:12 November
588:sipunculids
570:(including
568:crustaceans
550:(pictured).
472:dorsal fins
464:pelvic fins
434:Description
392:Port Arthur
309:crustaceans
1273:Categories
856:Cladistics
813:: 133–185.
672:References
625:viviparous
564:Maldanidae
476:caudal fin
457:gill slits
364:naturalist
271:Narcinidae
211:Richardson
162:Narcinidae
128:Subclass:
633:yolk sacs
597:predators
584:Nematodes
572:amphipods
528:substrate
492:Australia
444:spiracles
428:Narcinops
362:Scottish
336:fisheries
317:predators
279:Australia
180:Species:
173:Narcinops
98:Kingdom:
92:Eukaryota
1181:10662860
1102:Q6393388
1096:Wikidata
894:39697113
886:34929961
836:: 25–30.
785:: 21–22.
653:trawlers
618:parasite
609:tapeworm
576:decapods
556:sediment
468:claspers
453:quincunx
396:Tasmania
388:holotype
346:(IUCN).
291:habitats
234:Synonyms
158:Family:
142:Batoidea
112:Chordata
108:Phylum:
102:Animalia
88:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
1251:ZooBank
1155:2417739
1013:Bibcode
939:Narcine
629:embryos
607:). The
580:tanaids
512:inshore
502:to the
412:Narcine
386:as the
376:Narcine
342:by the
329:bycatch
275:Endemic
266:in the
260:species
258:) is a
168:Genus:
148:Order:
118:Class:
63: (
1243:275398
1201:NZOR:
1194:257757
1168:106615
1129:150914
1066:: 1–4.
949:
917:
892:
884:
756:
595:. Its
578:, and
566:) and
268:family
213:, 1841
1238:WoRMS
1225:Plazi
1217:73023
1176:IRMNG
1142:45PBB
890:S2CID
852:(PDF)
616:is a
532:reefs
333:trawl
1189:NCBI
1150:GBIF
1124:BOLD
1064:1946
947:ISBN
915:ISBN
882:PMID
754:ISBN
724:2021
707:2015
586:and
325:yolk
307:and
248:The
1137:CoL
1111:AFD
1031:hdl
1021:doi
1009:416
980:doi
872:hdl
864:doi
711:doi
651:by
582:).
506:in
498:in
331:of
262:of
1275::
1253::
1240::
1227::
1214::
1191::
1178::
1165::
1152::
1139::
1126::
1113::
1098::
1062:.
1029:.
1019:.
1007:.
1003:.
976:27
974:.
970:.
929:^
888:.
880:.
870:.
858:.
854:.
832:.
828:.
809:.
805:.
791:^
781:.
777:.
732:^
705:.
699:.
679:^
668:.
574:,
430:.
410:,
394:,
273:.
1039:.
1033::
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