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Tarquinia gens

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20: 149:. The consul Collatinus is generally regarded as a patrician, but as Cornell explains, none of the families that claimed descent from or kinship with the Roman kings were considered patrician in later times, while none of Rome's leading patrician families is represented among the kings. The patricians may have chosen the king, but were probably not eligible for the office, and it is unlikely that the kings themselves were admitted to the patriciate once chosen. It may be that Collatinus was granted patrician status on the overthrow of the Roman monarchy; but as he then accepted exile according to the demand of his colleague, 120: 230: 382:, which excited the passions of the king's son, Sextus. Sextus' rape of Lucretia set in motion the events that led to the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, but Lucretia took her own life out of shame. Collatinus was elected one of the first consuls, but was called upon to resign and enter into exile by his cousin and colleague, 767:
impossible for them to have been father and son, it seems highly improbable. Dionysius notes that Tanaquil, also an adult before 616, was still alive when Priscus died, thirty-eight years later, when she must have been well over fifty, while Superbus was strong enough to fight in the Battle of Lake Regillus,
766:
rejects this tradition on chronological grounds, as do many modern scholars, noting that according to the traditional dates, the elder Tarquin became king in 616 BC, and died in 578; the younger Tarquin seized the throne in 534, and died in exile in 495. While this does not make it absolutely
430:, together with his brother, Marcus, were among the leaders of a conspiracy in 500 BC to seize a number of defensible positions at Rome, and open the city gates to the king and his allies. Tormented by visions in their sleep, the two brothers revealed the plot to the consul 116:, the fourth Roman king, becoming his trusted advisor. Since the Roman monarchy was elective, rather than strictly hereditary, when Marcius died, Tarquinius successfully argued that he should be named the next king, in preference to the sons of Marcius. 138:, was his cousin. Other Tarquinii are mentioned as part of this family, although it is not entirely clear how some of them were related. It is likely that there were additional kings and perhaps other members of the Tarquin dynasty during this period. 423:, the youngest son of Tarquin the Proud, whose rape of Lucretia led to the downfall of the Roman monarchy. He took refuge at Gabii, which his father had conquered after Sextus had put its leading men to death, but was soon assassinated. 253:, the elder son of Demaratus, died shortly before his father, who accordingly left his entire fortune to his younger son, Lucius, unaware that the wife of Arruns was pregnant, and that his first grandson would inherit nothing. 372:, the younger daughter of Servius Tullius. His wife was ambitious, while he was not; his equally ambitious brother had married Tullia's demure elder sister. Lucius and Tullia murdered their spouses, and married one another. 301:, the first grandson of Demaratus, was deprived of his inheritance when his grandfather died shortly after his elder son, unaware that his daughter-in-law was pregnant. According to tradition, young Arruns became known as 567:
Tarquinia Modesta, daughter of Modestus and Lasciva, and the young wife of Lucentius, buried at Beneventum, aged fifteen years, six months, and six days, having been married for six months and seven days.
762:
Livy notes the uncertainty, but states that the weight of authority makes the younger Tarquin a son of Tarquinius Priscus; Dionysius, basing his opinion on that of the earlier historian
389:
Tarquinia L. f., the sister of Tarquin the Proud, married Marcus Junius Brutus, and was the mother of Marcus, whom the king put to death, perceiving in him a potential threat, and
1636: 365: 763: 410: 153:, the matter becomes academic, as there was no tradition of patrician Tarquinii at Rome in later times. The Tarquinii of the later Republic were plebeians. 19: 431: 250: 101: 1252: 1534: 1517: 1488: 1471: 1454: 1437: 1420: 1403: 1374: 1357: 1340: 1323: 1306: 1289: 1272: 1235: 1213: 305:, the needy one. However, when he was grown, and his uncle had become King of Rome, he received the command of the Roman garrison at 355: 112:, determined to settle at Rome, where he could hope to attain high station based solely on his merits. He fell into the retinue of 517:
Lucius Tarquinus L. l. Amianthus, a freedman, and the husband of Tarquinia Paederos, built a tomb at Rome for himself and his wife.
322:, the seventh and last king of Rome, was the son, or more likely grandson, of the elder Tarquin. He overthrew his predecessor, 108:
after the town of their birth. Denied political advancement due to his father's foreign birth, Lucius, encouraged by his wife,
28: 468: 60:. Most of the Tarquinii who appear in history are connected in some way with this dynasty, but a few appear during the later 1655: 1530: 1513: 1484: 1467: 1450: 1433: 1416: 1399: 1370: 1353: 1336: 1319: 1302: 1285: 1268: 1231: 1209: 479: 1641: 1672: 1248: 375: 131: 298: 1728: 1592: 437:
Marcus Tarquinius, the brother of Publius, together with whom he revealed a plot to restore the Tarquins in 500 BC.
434:, and were rewarded when the other conspirators were apprehended. It is unknown how they were related to the king. 319: 127: 53: 472: 256: 97: 49: 636:
Tarquinius Valens, one of the heirs of Lucius Cattius Viator, a veteran soldier for whom Valens built a tomb at
378:, one of the commanders in the army of his cousin, Tarquin the Proud. He boasted of the fidelity of his wife, 316:
Tarquinia L. f., daughter of the elder Tarquin, married Servius Tullius, and was the mother of the two Tulliae.
221: 142: 483: 400: 119: 1694: 745:
the second King of Rome; her name is given different meanings. There is also some reason to believe that
612:
Tarquinia Secunda, the wife of Quintus Pompeius Crispus, and mother of Marcus Pompeius Victor, who became
130:, the seventh and last Roman king, was said to have been the son or grandson of the elder Tarquin, while 1733: 1585: 414: 264: 93: 661: 464: 390: 386:, so that none of the hated Tarquins would rule at Rome, and to this demand he reluctantly consented. 383: 234: 150: 73: 543: 452:, at some time following the expulsion of the kings. The freshly reaped wheat was thrown into the 1738: 738: 570:
Tarquinia L. l. Paederos, wife of Lucius Tarquinius Amianthus, with whom she is buried at Rome.
420: 168: 157: 1713:
The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000–264 BC)
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under his control, by silently lopping the heads off the tallest poppies in his garden.
61: 704:, which they borrowed, along with many others, so it may be that the Etruscan name of 362:, but was overthrown by members of his own family and the Roman aristocracy in 509 BC. 1722: 1561: 527:
Tarquinia Fastina, wife of Marcus Calventius Sabinianus, who built a tomb for her at
272: 202:, although in historical times the Tarchna family had branches at both Tarquinii and 113: 417:
in 509 BC, where he and his cousin, the consul Brutus, mortally wounded one another.
692:, a chief or king, a parallel to how the Etruscans apparently took the Latin title 601:
Lucius Tarquinius Salutaris, buried with his brother, Publius Vibuleius Primus, at
457: 407:
498 BC. Although wounded in the fighting, he survived, the last of Tarquin's sons.
369: 347: 331: 284: 135: 57: 45: 1708: 1615: 1555: 292: 276: 609:, aged fifteen years, one month, and six days, with a tomb from their parents. 393:, who survived by feigning stupidity, later becoming one of the first consuls. 77: 64:, and others from inscriptions, some dating as late as the fourth century AD. 538:
Tarquinia Ɔ. l. Fausta, a freedwoman named in a libationary inscription from
750: 602: 557: 497: 427: 217: 146: 85: 627:
Gaius Tarquinius M. f. Stra, named in an inscription from Caere in Etruria.
190:. The nomen is certainly derived from the city of Tarquinii, in Etruscan 1602: 613: 606: 592: 588: 528: 379: 306: 109: 41: 241:(1867). The king suggests to his son, Sextus, how to bring the city of 1569: 644: 581: 561: 521: 490: 413:, the second son of Tarquin the Proud, led the Etruscan cavalry at the 335: 288: 268: 199: 89: 1663:), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present). 72:
The legendary origin of the Tarquinii who reigned at Rome begins with
1550: 648: 637: 539: 501: 339: 327: 263:, the fifth Roman king, according to tradition conquered a number of 179: 573:
Publius Tarquinius Philodespotus, buried at Cirta, aged twenty-five.
556:
Lucius Tarquinius Januarius, named in a devotional inscription from
724:, but without any positive evidence that they were the same person. 630:
Tarquinia Tertulla, buried at Castellum Elefantum, aged eighty-two.
399:, the eldest son of Tarquin the Proud, led the Roman exiles at the 700:. Moreover, the Etruscans were familiar with the Latin praenomen 617: 550: 453: 351: 343: 242: 228: 203: 187: 164: 141:
It is not clear whether the early Tarquinii should be regarded as
18: 598:
Tarquinius Q. f. Priscus, named in an inscription from Tarracina.
1580: 633:
Tarquinia Titosu, buried at Castellum Elefantum, aged forty.
688:
is thought to be a misunderstanding of the Etruscan title
712:. Some scholars have attempted to identify him with the 524:
at Rome, dating to the beginning of the third century AD.
507:
Tarquinius L. f., named in an inscription from Tarracina.
467:
in 91 BC, supported the laws proposed by his colleague,
84:, which was expelled in 657 BC. Demaratus settled at 1637:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
1164: 1162: 944: 942: 520:
Quintus Tarquinius Apuleius, named in a list of the
496:
Appia Tarquinia C. f., named in an inscription from
123:
Family tree showing relations to Lucretia and Brutus
1680:), Presses Universitaires de France (1888–present). 504:, dating to the first half of the first century AD. 330:, but he also established Roman hegemony over the 444:, said to have dedicated a field adjacent to the 1644:, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849). 510:Gnaeus Tarquinius, named in an inscription from 1687:(Latin Inscriptions from Algeria, abbreviated 1226: 1224: 1222: 733:There is some doubt about the true meaning of 1659:(The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated 1263: 1261: 198:, after its legendary founder, the folk-hero 8: 489:Tarquinia, buried at Castellum Elefantum in 456:, where it came to anchor a new island, the 368:, the brother of Tarquin the Proud, married 220:. For an explanation of this practice, see 1037:Dionysius, iv. 6–8, 28–85, v. 14–16, 50–54, 1691:), Edouard Champion, Paris (1922–present). 647:named in a late imperial inscription from 376:Lucius Tarquinius Ar. f. Ar. n. Collatinus 29:Tarquin the Elder consulting Attius Navius 576:Gaius Tarquinius C. f. Pollio, buried at 478:Lucius Tarquinius, a participant in the 291:, the Roman cavalry, and instituted the 118: 784: 673: 471:, whose reforms might have averted the 616:, and built a tomb for his parents at 1177:Plutarch, "The Life of Poplicola", 8. 741:, said to have been the counselor of 7: 1676:(The Year in Epigraphy, abbreviated 1608:Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans 432:Servius Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus 549:Tarquinia P. f. Ingenua, buried at 299:Arruns Tarquinius Ar. f. Collatinus 1028:Livy, i. 46–60, ii. 1–7, 9, 18–21. 14: 1685:Inscriptions Latines de L'Algérie 356:Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus 809:Pliny the Elder, xxxv. 5. s. 43. 680:Usually said to have been named 426:Publius Tarquinius, a native of 320:Lucius Tarquinius L. f. Superbus 309:, thereby obtaining the surname 1614:Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus ( 216:This list includes abbreviated 76:, a member of the house of the 1656:Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum 1050:, pp. 165, 166, 252 (note 95). 96:noblewoman, and had two sons, 1: 1576:(The Conspiracy of Catiline). 684:prior to coming to Rome; but 482:, who attempted to implicate 421:Sextus Tarquinius L. f. L. n. 411:Arruns Tarquinius L. f. L. n. 174:, apparently the same as the 587:Lucius Tarquinius Primus, a 553:in Numidia, aged sixty-five. 397:Titus Tarquinius L. f. L. n. 132:Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus 1715:, Routledge, London (1995). 948:Dionysius, iii. 46, 47, 50. 1755: 1593:Dionysius of Halicarnassus 1568:Gaius Sallustius Crispus ( 283:, doubled the size of the 128:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus 54:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus 48:, usually associated with 257:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus 50:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus 1632:(The Book of Prodigies). 871:Broughton, vol. I, p. 2. 460:, sacred in later times. 287:, and the number of the 56:, the fifth and seventh 1701:, Dorset Press (1971), 927:, pp. 24, 74, 153, 154. 737:, as there was a nymph 643:Tarquinius Vitalio, an 484:Marcus Licinius Crassus 401:Battle of Lake Regillus 366:Arruns L. f. Tarquinius 104:, who took the surname 1077:Livy, i. 57–60, ii. 2. 990:The Beginnings of Rome 966:Dionysius, iii. 49–73. 908:The Beginnings of Rome 882:The Beginnings of Rome 860:The Beginnings of Rome 840:Dionysius, iii. 46–49. 480:conspiracy of Catiline 440:Tarquinia, one of the 342:, founded colonies at 246: 124: 92:, where he married an 33: 1551:Marcus Tullius Cicero 1068:Dionysius, iv. 28–30. 749:may have been an old 696:for a personal name, 415:Battle of Silva Arsia 232: 122: 22: 1705:, Scribner's (1978). 1673:L'Année épigraphique 1599:(Roman Antiquities). 1597:Romaike Archaiologia 1168:Dionysius, v. 53–57. 1010:Livy, i. 39, 42, 46. 910:, pp. 135, 138, 139. 849:Livy, i. 38, 46, 57. 662:List of Roman gentes 595:in Gallia Aquitania. 469:Marcus Livius Drusus 465:tribune of the plebs 463:Publius Tarquinius, 384:Lucius Junius Brutus 235:Lawrence Alma-Tadema 178:named in one of the 151:Lucius Junius Brutus 74:Demaratus of Corinth 16:Ancient Roman family 992:, pp. 130, 138–140. 800:Dionysius, iii. 46. 544:Venetia and Histria 493:, aged thirty-five. 326:, and behaved as a 239:Tarquinius Superbus 134:, one of the first 1709:Timothy J. Cornell 1630:Liber de Prodigiis 1103:, 24 (ed. Reimar). 1086:Dionysius, iv. 64 1019:Dionysius, iv. 28. 338:; made war on the 247: 163:appears to be the 125: 34: 1729:Etruscan families 1138:Livy, ii. 19, 20. 718:Gnaeus Tarquinius 706:Lucius Tarquinius 271:towns, built the 261:Tarquin the Elder 251:Arruns Tarquinius 1746: 1683:Stéphane Gsell, 1626:Julius Obsequens 1574:Bellum Catilinae 1538: 1527: 1521: 1510: 1504: 1498: 1492: 1481: 1475: 1464: 1458: 1447: 1441: 1430: 1424: 1413: 1407: 1396: 1390: 1384: 1378: 1367: 1361: 1350: 1344: 1333: 1327: 1316: 1310: 1299: 1293: 1282: 1276: 1265: 1256: 1245: 1239: 1228: 1217: 1206: 1200: 1197:Bellum Catilinae 1193: 1187: 1184: 1178: 1175: 1169: 1166: 1157: 1154: 1148: 1145: 1139: 1136: 1130: 1129:Livy, i. 56, 60. 1127: 1121: 1110: 1104: 1097: 1091: 1084: 1078: 1075: 1069: 1066: 1060: 1059:Livy, i. 42, 46. 1057: 1051: 1044: 1038: 1035: 1029: 1026: 1020: 1017: 1011: 1008: 1002: 1001:Livy, i. 34, 38. 999: 993: 986: 980: 973: 967: 964: 958: 955: 949: 946: 937: 934: 928: 917: 911: 904: 898: 891: 885: 878: 872: 869: 863: 856: 850: 847: 841: 838: 832: 831:Livy, i. 34, 35. 829: 823: 816: 810: 807: 801: 798: 792: 789: 772: 760: 754: 731: 725: 720:depicted in the 714:Cneve Tarchunies 710:Lucie Tarchunies 678: 533:Gallia Aquitania 512:Hispania Baetica 354:. He built the 350:, and conquered 275:and drained the 24:Sebastiano Ricci 1754: 1753: 1749: 1748: 1747: 1745: 1744: 1743: 1719: 1718: 1703:History of Rome 1648:Theodor Mommsen 1586:History of Rome 1547: 1542: 1541: 1528: 1524: 1511: 1507: 1503:, ii. 3, 10291. 1499: 1495: 1482: 1478: 1465: 1461: 1448: 1444: 1431: 1427: 1414: 1410: 1397: 1393: 1385: 1381: 1368: 1364: 1351: 1347: 1334: 1330: 1317: 1313: 1300: 1296: 1283: 1279: 1266: 1259: 1246: 1242: 1229: 1220: 1207: 1203: 1194: 1190: 1186:Obsequens, 114. 1185: 1181: 1176: 1172: 1167: 1160: 1156:Livy, i. 58–60. 1155: 1151: 1146: 1142: 1137: 1133: 1128: 1124: 1111: 1107: 1098: 1094: 1085: 1081: 1076: 1072: 1067: 1063: 1058: 1054: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1032: 1027: 1023: 1018: 1014: 1009: 1005: 1000: 996: 987: 983: 974: 970: 965: 961: 957:Livy, i. 35–38. 956: 952: 947: 940: 935: 931: 921:History of Rome 918: 914: 905: 901: 895:History of Rome 892: 888: 884:, pp. 142, 143. 879: 875: 870: 866: 857: 853: 848: 844: 839: 835: 830: 826: 817: 813: 808: 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1562:De Republica 1560: 1554: 1545:Bibliography 1529: 1525: 1512: 1508: 1500: 1496: 1483: 1479: 1466: 1462: 1449: 1445: 1432: 1428: 1415: 1411: 1398: 1394: 1386: 1382: 1369: 1365: 1352: 1348: 1335: 1331: 1318: 1314: 1301: 1297: 1284: 1280: 1267: 1247: 1243: 1230: 1208: 1204: 1196: 1191: 1182: 1173: 1152: 1147:Livy, ii. 6. 1143: 1134: 1125: 1117: 1114:De Republica 1113: 1108: 1100: 1095: 1087: 1082: 1073: 1064: 1055: 1047: 1042: 1033: 1024: 1015: 1006: 997: 989: 984: 976: 971: 962: 953: 936:Livy, i. 34. 932: 924: 920: 915: 907: 902: 894: 889: 881: 876: 867: 859: 854: 845: 836: 827: 819: 814: 805: 796: 791:Livy, i. 34. 787: 768: 758: 746: 734: 729: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 676: 651:in Campania. 640:in Campania. 404: 332:Latin League 310: 302: 260: 238: 215: 195: 191: 175: 171: 167:form of the 160: 155: 140: 126: 105: 71: 46:ancient Rome 37: 35: 27: 1699:Roman Myths 1616:Cassius Dio 1556:De Officiis 1118:De Officiis 1048:Roman Myths 977:Roman Myths 925:Roman Myths 708:was simply 293:Ludi Romani 277:Roman Forum 1723:Categories 1603:Plutarchus 1489:VIII, 6643 1455:XIII, 3573 1421:XIII, 1200 1341:VIII, 7803 1214:VIII, 6642 1120:, iii. 10. 1116:, ii. 25, 1101:fragmentum 779:References 591:buried at 558:Beneventum 473:Social War 334:, and the 311:Collatinus 218:praenomina 176:Tarchunies 161:Tarquinius 143:patricians 106:Tarquinius 78:Bacchiadae 44:family at 1739:Tarquinii 1307:XIII, 867 1253:2011, 495 1195:Sallust, 988:Cornell, 979:, p. 154. 923:, p. 23, 906:Cornell, 880:Cornell, 858:Cornell, 822:, xi. 14. 818:Tacitus, 751:praenomen 698:Macstarna 668:Footnotes 603:Casilinum 529:Burdigala 498:Tarracina 428:Laurentum 222:filiation 147:plebeians 86:Tarquinii 1472:XI, 3627 1404:IX, 5331 1375:IX, 1983 1358:IX, 1546 1290:VI, 1057 1273:VI, 4657 1112:Cicero, 897:, p. 23. 694:magister 656:See also 614:quaestor 607:Campania 593:Avaricum 589:murmillo 380:Lucretia 307:Collatia 196:Tarchuna 180:frescoes 169:Etruscan 110:Tanaquil 94:Etruscan 62:Republic 42:plebeian 1668:et alii 1651:et alii 1570:Sallust 1535:X, 1201 1518:X, 3562 1438:X, 4410 1324:V, 3320 1236:X, 6396 1046:Grant, 975:Grant, 919:Grant, 893:Grant, 820:Annales 771:498 BC. 747:Egerius 735:Egerius 690:lauchme 638:Misenum 618:Bagacum 582:Picenum 562:Samnium 522:vigiles 491:Numidia 360:Capitol 358:on the 348:Circeii 336:Hernici 303:Egerius 289:equites 210:Members 200:Tarchon 192:Tarchna 172:Tarchna 90:Etruria 82:Corinth 32:(1690). 739:Egeria 702:Lucius 686:Lucumo 682:Lucumo 649:Abella 540:Verona 502:Latium 391:Lucius 370:Tullia 344:Signia 340:Volsci 328:tyrant 285:senate 269:Sabine 102:Arruns 98:Lucius 68:Origin 40:was a 1689:ILAlg 1501:ILAlg 1387:ILAlg 1199:, 48. 769:circa 716:, or 645:eques 551:Cirta 454:Tiber 405:circa 352:Gabii 265:Latin 259:, or 243:Gabii 204:Caere 188:Vulci 165:Latin 158:nomen 1581:Livy 764:Piso 450:Mars 346:and 267:and 233:Sir 156:The 100:and 52:and 36:The 1661:CIL 1618:), 1583:), 1572:), 1531:CIL 1514:CIL 1485:CIL 1468:CIL 1451:CIL 1434:CIL 1417:CIL 1400:CIL 1371:CIL 1354:CIL 1337:CIL 1320:CIL 1303:CIL 1286:CIL 1269:CIL 1232:CIL 1210:CIL 620:in 605:in 580:in 560:in 542:in 531:in 500:in 448:to 194:or 186:at 145:or 88:in 80:at 1725:: 1711:, 1697:, 1678:AE 1670:, 1653:, 1640:, 1628:, 1605:, 1595:, 1559:, 1553:, 1260:^ 1249:AE 1221:^ 1161:^ 1088:ff 941:^ 403:, 237:, 206:. 26:, 1622:. 1611:. 1589:. 1565:. 1537:. 1520:. 1491:. 1474:. 1457:. 1440:. 1423:. 1406:. 1377:. 1360:. 1343:. 1326:. 1309:. 1292:. 1275:. 1255:. 1238:. 1216:. 1090:. 753:. 624:. 584:. 564:. 546:. 535:. 514:. 486:. 475:. 313:. 295:. 224:.

Index


Sebastiano Ricci
Tarquin the Elder consulting Attius Navius
plebeian
ancient Rome
Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
Kings of Rome
Republic
Demaratus of Corinth
Bacchiadae
Corinth
Tarquinii
Etruria
Etruscan
Lucius
Arruns
Tanaquil
Ancus Marcius

Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus
Roman consuls
patricians
plebeians
Lucius Junius Brutus
nomen
Latin
Etruscan
frescoes

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