235:
Chulutu river and the 40–60 metres (130–200 ft) terraces in the
Taryatu river are of Pleistocene age. This sequence reaches thicknesses of 40–90 metres (130–300 ft). In the Miocene-Pliocene a major lava plateau was formed on the eastern end of the Taryat depression, with a surface area of 24 by 15 kilometres (14.9 mi × 9.3 mi). The depression itself however does not appear to contain lavas from this plateau. Between 0.75 and 0.36 mya the Taryat–Chulutyn lava river was erupted from several Pleistocene-Holocene centres and grew to a length of
401:
52:
973:
Kim, Taesuk; Seong, Yeong Bae; Sarıkaya, Mehmet Akif; Jeon, Yongmun; Enkhbold, Altanbold; Khukhuudei, Ulambadrakh; Binnie, Steven A. (April 2024). "Geochronological (36Cl and OSL) and geomorphic insights into the formation of
Terkhiin Tsagaan Lake and Khorgo Volcano in Central Mongolia: Unravelling a
682:
Wang, Kuo-Lung; O’Reilly, Suzanne Y.; Kovach, Victor; Griffin, William L.; Pearson, Norman J.; Yarmolyuk, Vladimir; Kuzmin, Mikhail I.; Chieh, Chia-Ju; Gregory
Shellnutt, J.; Iizuka, Yoshiyuki (January 2013). "Microcontinents among the accretionary complexes of the Central Asia Orogenic Belt: In situ
270:
and Dzan
Tologai. An arcuate chain of volcanoes named Odnobokii, Listvennichnyi, and Sosnovyi is found directly southwest of Khorog/Khorgo. The first volcano has a crater lip in its side, while the other two volcanoes are partly buried in lava flows. These lava flows show sag structures formed by the
234:
of the
Chulutu river. The 130–200 metres (430–660 ft) terraces formed during the Miocene and the 100–120 metres (330–390 ft) terraces in the Pliocene. Lava sheets in the lower two thirds of the Pliocene layers are thicker than the upper lava flows. The 60 metres (200 ft) terrace of the
292:
with dimensions of 0.5–1 metre (1 ft 8 in – 3 ft 3 in). Very little soil is developed on the Khorgo lavas. Lavas from this cone dammed a river, generating the
Terkhiin Tsagaan Lake (although there is evidence of a former lake there, dammed by earlier eruptions). The eruption
1085:
Newman, Scott H.; Hill, Nichola J.; Spragens, Kyle A.; Janies, Daniel; Voronkin, Igor O.; Prosser, Diann J.; Yan, Baoping; Lei, Fumin; Batbayar, Nyambayar; Natsagdorj, Tseveenmyadag; Bishop, Charles M.; Butler, Patrick J.; Wikelski, Martin; Balachandran, Sivananinthaperumal; Mundkur, Taej; Douglas,
258:
following the valley bottom, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the Suman river. The pyroclastic deposit covers a surface area of 600 by 800 metres (2,000 ft × 2,600 ft). It is not clear if the lava flow and the pyroclastic deposit were formed by the same volcanic eruption.
718:
Harris, Nigel; Hunt, Alison; Parkinson, Ian; Tindle, Andrew; Yondon, Magisuren; Hammond, Samantha (1 December 2009). "Tectonic implications of garnet-bearing mantle xenoliths exhumed by
Quaternary magmatism in the Hangay dome, central Mongolia".
140:
The volcanic field lies in the
Taryatu depression, on the northern slope of the Hangai range. There, the field spans the river valleys of the Chuluut River, its tributary Gichigin and the Suman River rivers. The field is sometimes named
844:
Chuvashova, I. S.; Rasskazov, S. V.; Yasnygina, T. A.; Saranina, E. V.; Fefelov, N. N. (December 2007). "Holocene volcanism in central
Mongolia and Northeast China: Asynchronous decompressional and fluid melting of the mantle".
421:
Volcanic activity in the field ranges from
Pliocene to Holocene, commencing about 8 mya ago. The Shavaryn-Tsaram volcano has an age of 1.2 mya. The Tariat valley flows were emplaced between 240,000 and 60,000 years ago.
278:
Khorog/Khorgo has a dimension of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) base diameter and a height of 120 metres (390 ft). On top of the cone sits a 180 metres (590 ft) wide crater. Among the components of the cone are
283:
and large blocks of basalt. The cone is breached at the location of a lava tube. Its eruption also generated an eastward pointing ash deposit with thicknesses of 3–5 metres (9.8–16.4 ft). It also contains
513:) has a surface area of 773 square kilometres (298 sq mi) and lies at an altitude of 2,060 metres (6,760 ft). The Terkhiin Tsagaan Lake is an important food source for migratory
796:
Yarmolyuk, V. V.; Kudryashova, E. A.; Kozlovsky, A. M.; Lebedev, V. A. (12 October 2008). "Late Cenozoic volcanism of Khangai (Central Mongolia): Evidence for recent orogeny in Central Asia".
389:
xenoliths, with the youngest Holocene flows containing the largest amounts. Shavaryn-Tsaram is particularly well known as a source of xenoliths. In the 1970s and 1980s this volcano was
1052:
Gunin, Peter D.; Vostokova, Elizabeth A.; Dorofeyuk, Nadezhda I.; Tarasov, Pavel E.; Black, Clanton C., eds. (1999). "Strategies for Nature Management and Vegetation Conservation".
426:
has identified traces of a former magmatic intrusion under the volcanic field. The total volume of lava is less than 300 cubic kilometres (72 cu mi).
466:
volcanoes elsewhere in Asia and have presumed that common geologic events did influence the activity of all three centres. Tsagan may be younger than Khorgo.
363:
and alkali content during the Pleistocene and the Holocene, indicating together with the xenolith content that the origin of these recent basalts is deep.
479:
239:
100 kilometres (62 mi). Within the depression it has a width of 6 kilometres (3.7 mi), a thickness of 90 metres (300 ft) and a length of
293:
of Khorgo was probably fed from a north-northeast striking eruption fissure. Other vents in the area are Bosko, Haer, Shava, Shute, Tsagan and Zala.
1069:
643:
593:
482:, which was established in 1965 and is a major tourism destination. Most precipitation in the area falls during summer. The national park (
1088:"Eco-Virological Approach for Assessing the Role of Wild Birds in the Spread of Avian Influenza H5N1 along the Central Asian Flyway"
266:
are found which have generated lava flows. These lava flows have thicknesses of 3–5 metres (9.8–16.4 ft). These cones include
187:
has yielded ages of 3,050 mya and is the oldest age from this terrane. Following stabilization of the whole Hangai region in the
1204:
1189:
999:"High-Resolution Crustal and Uppermost Mantle Structure Beneath Central Mongolia From Rayleigh Waves and Receiver Functions"
454:± 150 years. The most recent research indicates a date of 7,200 years ago. Some geologists have correlated the activity of
893:
Devyatkin, Ye. V.; Smelov, S. B. (29 June 2010). "Position of basalts in the Cenozoic sedimentary sequence of Mongolia".
1209:
1199:
763:
Comeau, Matthew J.; Becken, Michael; Grayver, Alexander V.; Käufl, Johannes S.; Kuvshinov, Alexey V. (January 2022).
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72:
18:
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ago and between 1,000 and 250 mya was accreted into the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. This terrane is formed by
549:
998:
129:
1149:
Enkhbold, Altanbold; Khukhuudei, Ulambadrakh; Dorjgochoo, Sanchir; Ganbold, Byambabayar (18 May 2020).
765:"The geophysical signature of a continental intraplate volcanic system: From surface to mantle source"
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upwellings may be responsible for these volcanic events at Hangai and other volcanic centres around
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Volcanism in this field appears to be related to volcanism which is widespread in this part of
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cinder cone erupted during the Holocene and lava flows from it formed a lava dam generating
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927:"Extension of Drought Records for Central Asia Using Tree Rings: West-Central Mongolia*"
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and limburgite are found in the Pleistocene layers. Holocene layers contain augitite,
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211:
1151:"Morphology of Khorgo Volcano Crater in the Khangai Mountains in Central Mongolia"
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704:
576:
Whitford-Stark, J. L. (1987). "A Survey of Cenozoic Volcanism on Mainland Asia".
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580:. Geological Society of America Special Papers. Vol. 213. pp. 1–74.
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dating on organic material in its sediments has indicated ages of 8 ka. The
435:
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Davi, N. K.; Jacoby, G. C.; Curtis, A. E.; Baatarbileg, N. (January 2006).
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and has a surface area of 268 square kilometres (103 sq mi).
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Ionov, Dmitri A.; O'Reilly, Suzanne Y.; Griffin, William L. (1998).
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David C.; Takekawa, John Y.; Willis, Stephen G. (7 February 2012).
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The Khorgo/Horgo cinder cones was considered to be about 4
369:
are also found in the Pliocene layers and are composed of
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Tectonically, the field is located within the Tarvagatay
100:. The field itself is located within the valleys of the
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Khorgo volcano is 530 kilometres (330 mi) west of
92:. It is part of a volcanic area in Central Asia in the
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630:. Geodynamics Series. Vol. 27. pp. 127–153.
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In the western part of the depression, six Holocene
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Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions in East Asia
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222:analysis has found evidence of mantle upwelling.
1155:Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences
1056:. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. p. 190.
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350:-basanite. There is a clear trend in increasing
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578:A Survey of Cenozoic Volcanism on Mainland Asia
8:
1003:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
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210:. Other theories for the Hangai postulate a
326:are found in the Pliocene layers. Potassic
480:Khorgo-Terkhiin Tsagaan Nuur National Park
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1121:
1111:
950:
780:
721:Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
96:that may be linked to the rifting of the
404:The Terkhiin Tsagaan Lake was dammed by
526:
847:Journal of Volcanology and Seismology
534:
532:
530:
7:
108:. Volcanic activity occurred in the
769:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
342:. Horgo/Khorgo is constructed from
195:did tectonic activity recommence.
14:
1054:Vegetation Dynamics of Mongolia
685:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
984:10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109214
214:or the removal of part of the
1:
385:. Pleistocene layers contain
346:tephrite and its lavas range
240:
236:
1113:10.1371/journal.pone.0030636
895:International Geology Review
705:10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.09.016
243:50 kilometres (31 mi).
230:The volcanism is exposed in
218:by asthenospheric currents.
1062:10.1007/978-94-015-9143-0_6
149:. Rivers frequently run in
78:
1226:
782:10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117307
84:, "rocks of Tariat") is a
48:Volcanic Field in Mongolia
974:pre-Holocene paleolake".
907:10.1080/00206818209466888
867:10.1134/S0742046307060024
818:10.1134/S1028334X08070064
733:10.1007/s00410-009-0466-6
450:indicates a date of 2980
254:deposit accompanied by a
153:bordered by lava plains.
67:
545:Global Volcanism Program
448:Global Volcanism Program
246:Shavaryn-Tsaram forms a
1164:10.5564/pmas.v60i1.1333
550:Smithsonian Institution
160:which formed 3,000-200
798:Doklady Earth Sciences
413:
56:
1205:Pleistocene volcanism
1190:Volcanoes of Mongolia
403:
143:Tariat volcanic field
130:Terkhiin Tsagaan Nuur
54:
1023:10.1029/2020JB021161
1009:(4): e2020JB021161.
478:. It is part of the
1104:2012PLoSO...730636N
1015:2021JGRB..12621161F
997:Feng, Lili (2021).
943:2006JCli...19..288D
859:2007JVolS...1..372C
810:2008DokES.422.1032Y
697:2013JAESc..62...37W
497: /
334:basanite, potassic
191:, only in the late
30: /
1210:Holocene volcanism
1200:Pliocene volcanism
952:10.1175/JCLI3621.1
931:Journal of Climate
636:10.1029/GD027p0127
424:Seismic tomography
414:
145:after the town of
136:Geological context
57:
55:The volcanic field
1195:Miocene volcanism
1071:978-94-015-9143-0
683:Re–Os evidence".
645:978-0-87590-529-7
595:978-0-8137-2213-9
586:10.1130/SPE213-p1
540:"Taryatu-Chulutu"
501:48.133°N 99.633°E
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393:and mined for
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338:and leucite
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271:collapse of
264:cinder cones
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212:mantle plume
202:. Localized
197:
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142:
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106:Suman rivers
94:Hangai range
79:
59:
58:
15:
504: /
476:Ulaanbataar
470:Environment
464:Wudalianchi
408:lavas from
297:Composition
252:pyroclastic
216:lithosphere
208:Lake Baikal
182:anorthosite
166:amphibolite
118:Pleistocene
39:48.17; 99.7
37: /
1184:Categories
978:: 109214.
775:: 117307.
521:References
391:prospected
387:ultramafic
383:lherzolite
371:peridotite
344:phonolitic
309:limburgite
290:lava bombs
273:lava tubes
1173:2312-2994
1157:: 19–35.
1039:233701532
1031:2169-9356
875:129664464
826:128618763
741:140711425
691:: 37–50.
654:0277-6669
604:0072-1077
515:waterfowl
456:Paektusan
367:Xenoliths
256:lava flow
189:Paleozoic
174:migmatite
73:romanized
64:Mongolian
1132:22347393
1092:PLOS ONE
406:Holocene
375:sanidine
340:tephrite
336:hawaiite
328:basanite
324:andesite
320:trachyte
313:pyroxene
306:potassic
302:Augitite
193:Cenozoic
122:Holocene
114:Pliocene
90:Mongolia
1123:3274535
1100:Bibcode
1011:Bibcode
939:Bibcode
855:Bibcode
806:Bibcode
693:Bibcode
492:99°38′E
395:garnets
332:leucite
286:lapilli
248:breccia
226:Geology
158:terrane
151:canyons
110:Miocene
102:Chuluut
75::
25:99°42′E
22:48°10′N
1171:
1130:
1120:
1068:
1037:
1029:
873:
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739:
652:
642:
602:
592:
489:48°8′N
410:Khorgo
379:spinel
281:scoria
268:Khorog
185:pluton
178:schist
170:gneiss
147:Tariat
132:lake.
126:Khorgo
124:. The
1035:S2CID
871:S2CID
822:S2CID
737:S2CID
433:old,
412:cone.
180:. An
1169:ISSN
1128:PMID
1066:ISBN
1027:ISSN
650:ISSN
640:ISBN
600:ISSN
590:ISBN
462:and
377:and
318:and
288:and
250:and
200:Asia
176:and
120:and
104:and
1159:doi
1118:PMC
1108:doi
1058:doi
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