3297:
2199:
3309:
330:
2209:
2188:
2219:
453:
429:
44:(Polisario), an organization that has sought independence for the former Spanish territory since 1973, disputes Morocco’s claim to sovereignty over the territory. Because of this long running dispute, many traditional telecommunication statistics are not reported separately for the Western Sahara.
254:
There is no indication that
Internet access in the territory differs from that in internationally recognized Morocco, which was generally open. Morocco was listed as engaged in selective Internet filtering in the social, conflict/security, and Internet tools areas and as little or no evidence of
457:
3555:
3369:
312:
66:
218:
212:
3436:
1047:
817:
105:: Morocco's state broadcaster, SNRT, operates a TV service that is relayed in the territory (2008). The Polisario-owned territory operates a minor television service known by the name of
2255:
3361:
290:
or the institution of the monarchy or to oppose the government’s official position regarding territorial integrity and
Western Sahara. Saharan media outlets and bloggers practice
347:
2318:
962:
3159:
2308:
802:
3592:
3703:
3467:
3460:
3265:
2323:
2264:
822:
2990:
2854:
644:
572:
2794:
224:
206:
3343:
2915:
2561:
2248:
2171:
2143:
2138:
1163:
3604:
298:
bloggers affiliated with leftist political groups assume that authorities closely monitor their activities and feel the need to hide their identities.
274:
Morocco considers the part of the territory that it administers to be an integral component of the kingdom with the same laws and structures regarding
3745:
3095:
2636:
521:
2641:
1073:
394:
3750:
3152:
2970:
2241:
837:
366:
3755:
3565:
3025:
2165:
1120:
1116:
741:
3760:
3580:
3030:
2964:
2160:
2150:
2130:
1932:
632:
616:
88:
373:
3519:
663:
496:
3599:
3258:
2809:
2455:
2358:
2155:
2001:
877:
137:
3504:
3286:
3145:
3126:
3121:
3080:
2819:
2779:
2445:
2293:
1927:
1112:
987:
977:
782:
600:
380:
2900:
2859:
2646:
2571:
2511:
2363:
2021:
992:
882:
812:
480:
461:
413:
40:
territory and administers
Moroccan law through Moroccan institutions in the estimated 85 percent of the territory it controls. The
3509:
3412:
3291:
3111:
3020:
2814:
2754:
2709:
2551:
2415:
2388:
2343:
1806:
1354:
1156:
1052:
972:
937:
922:
907:
862:
797:
362:
295:
3010:
2844:
2789:
2759:
2621:
2611:
2581:
2465:
1917:
927:
3710:
3674:
3560:
3550:
3251:
3060:
3045:
2985:
2960:
2950:
2940:
2935:
2905:
2864:
2769:
2631:
2596:
2516:
2480:
2470:
2403:
2303:
1912:
1463:
1027:
1002:
852:
847:
827:
792:
777:
351:
249:
3085:
3050:
2980:
2955:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2799:
2689:
2653:
2601:
2566:
2536:
2526:
2440:
2430:
2420:
2393:
2373:
1937:
1099:
1090:
1081:
1012:
982:
967:
952:
942:
932:
897:
892:
842:
787:
762:
307:
17:
2222:
3570:
3005:
2995:
2930:
2849:
2834:
2829:
2714:
2699:
2616:
2586:
2521:
2485:
2435:
2353:
2328:
2212:
1973:
1870:
1413:
1180:
1022:
1017:
957:
912:
872:
767:
125:
3643:
3492:
3211:
2724:
2591:
2556:
2506:
2460:
2425:
2383:
2368:
2348:
2202:
1709:
1149:
1077:
997:
947:
902:
887:
867:
857:
832:
772:
3206:
3587:
3538:
3524:
3227:
3116:
2764:
2729:
2694:
2626:
2475:
2398:
2313:
2061:
1983:
1922:
1629:
1103:
1007:
917:
807:
734:
487:, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 17 April 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
387:
340:
294:
on these issues, and there are no reports of government action against them for what they write. Human rights and
3657:
3618:
3514:
3320:
3168:
2450:
2378:
2298:
1833:
1794:
1639:
1539:
1468:
1401:
1228:
236:
3232:
3196:
2192:
1434:
1369:
1322:
1208:
3719:
3679:
3669:
2824:
2679:
2674:
2658:
2031:
2016:
1860:
1811:
1734:
1634:
1312:
1198:
1193:
102:
433:
3475:
3000:
2839:
2749:
2744:
2704:
2684:
1953:
1739:
1554:
1499:
1494:
1307:
1272:
3724:
2719:
2576:
2541:
1855:
1659:
1624:
1544:
1524:
1446:
1334:
1255:
727:
154:
53:
3065:
3040:
2920:
2784:
2546:
2531:
2490:
2338:
2288:
1769:
1729:
1699:
1456:
1391:
1282:
628:
612:
158:
3090:
3015:
2945:
2925:
2910:
2333:
2278:
1779:
1719:
1478:
1440:
1297:
1238:
1223:
190:
2233:
3404:
3303:
3075:
3055:
3035:
2975:
2734:
2606:
2283:
2006:
1963:
1894:
1764:
1694:
1669:
1604:
1451:
1172:
256:
203:
is reserved for this purpose, and will be assigned if the competing claimants reach an agreement.
59:
660:
691:
199:: none, as a disputed territory no country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is assigned, however,
3444:
3070:
2869:
2804:
2774:
2739:
2046:
1968:
1882:
1865:
1828:
1714:
1674:
1504:
1473:
1339:
1233:
561:
2051:
2011:
1991:
1958:
1887:
1845:
1759:
1614:
1599:
1574:
1549:
1509:
1359:
1218:
1213:
1203:
279:
196:
96:
3575:
3428:
3178:
1679:
1534:
1302:
1265:
667:
588:
291:
283:
275:
41:
1277:
3684:
3630:
3385:
3335:
3274:
3182:
1877:
1749:
1724:
1684:
1654:
1529:
1364:
1250:
173:
112:
37:
670:, Country IP Blocks. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Site is said to be updated daily.
3739:
3420:
2026:
1799:
1789:
1704:
1594:
1589:
1579:
1564:
1386:
1245:
538:
260:
76:
72:
Polisario-backed medium wave (AM) and shortwave radio stations are on the air (2008);
1904:
1744:
1689:
1619:
1584:
1519:
1418:
1408:
1260:
603:, International Telecommunication Union (Geneva), June 2013, retrieved 22 June 2013
131:
79:
stations occasionally operate from
Polisario territory. This is classified as the
3377:
2104:
1754:
1664:
1649:
1609:
1569:
1428:
329:
719:
679:
528:, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 10 January 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
3452:
2109:
1816:
1514:
1423:
1379:
1349:
1327:
1317:
1292:
87:
with the prefix "S0"; an informal identifier that has not been issued by the
3137:
2094:
1559:
1374:
162:
497:"For better or for worse, Western Sahara’s Internet future is with Morocco"
3243:
438:
30:
include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the
Internet.
2089:
2079:
1996:
1821:
1644:
169:
84:
499:, oAfrica, 30 May 2010, updated January 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
2084:
2069:
264:
150:
106:
33:
589:
Preliminary Report for
Special Meeting of the ICANN Board of Directors
2114:
2074:
1396:
1188:
1141:
579:, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
69:(SNRT, formerly RTM) operates a radio service from Laayoune (2008);
2099:
2036:
1344:
287:
177:
42:
Popular Front for the
Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro
651:, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
2041:
629:"Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"
613:"Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"
476:
474:
472:
230:
80:
3247:
3141:
2237:
1145:
723:
562:
1287:
710:
444:
323:
200:
227:: no hosts explicitly associated with Western Sahara (2012).
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
267:'s "Internet Freedom Status" as "Partly Free" in its 2013
18:
Telecommunications in the
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2408:
601:"Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000-2012"
149:
Telephone system: sparse and limited system; tied into
143:
Main lines: about 2,000 lines in use (1999 estimate).
313:
67:
Société Nationale de Radiodiffusion et de Télévision
3656:
3617:
3605:
Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs (CORCAS)
3537:
3491:
3397:
3354:
3328:
3319:
3220:
3189:
3104:
2878:
2667:
2499:
2271:
2123:
2060:
1982:
1946:
1903:
1844:
1778:
1487:
1179:
1061:
1036:
755:
354:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
286:. Moroccan law prohibits citizens from criticizing
573:"Country Comparison: Telephones - Mobile Cellular"
485:Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012
716:, web site of the public broadcaster of Morocco.
2265:Internet censorship and surveillance by country
3259:
3153:
2249:
1157:
735:
8:
2172:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
698:, Freedom House. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
3662:
3623:
3543:
3497:
3325:
3266:
3252:
3244:
3160:
3146:
3138:
2256:
2242:
2234:
2208:
1164:
1150:
1142:
742:
728:
720:
315:(SNRT), the public broadcaster of Morocco.
414:Learn how and when to remove this message
83:entity "Western Sahara". Operators use
468:
255:filtering in the political area by the
363:"Telecommunications in Western Sahara"
633:International Telecommunication Union
617:International Telecommunication Union
89:International Telecommunication Union
7:
3461:UN Security Council Resolution 1495
2218:
352:adding citations to reliable sources
244:Internet censorship and surveillance
28:Telecommunications in Western Sahara
682:, OpenNet Initiative, 6 August 2009
460:from websites or documents of the
25:
3413:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
539:"S04R: Braving the Blazing Sands"
462:United States Department of State
3746:Communications in Western Sahara
3600:Sahrawi People's Liberation Army
3307:
3295:
2217:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2186:
1807:Free-space optical communication
1048:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
818:Democratic Republic of the Congo
522:"Communications: Western Sahara"
456: This article incorporates
451:
432: This article incorporates
427:
328:
233:: no addresses allocated (2012).
631:, Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE,
615:, Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE,
339:needs additional citations for
3751:Internet censorship by country
680:"ONI Country Profile: Morocco"
250:Internet censorship in Morocco
1:
3756:Telecommunications by country
308:Telecommunications in Morocco
65:Morocco's state broadcaster,
3761:Telecommunications in Africa
3571:Moroccan Western Sahara Wall
2193:Telecommunication portal
1974:Telecommunications equipment
750:Telecommunications in Africa
635:. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.
619:. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.
168:Satellite earth stations: 2
126:Telephone numbers in Morocco
1710:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
3777:
1414:Telecommunications history
247:
237:Internet Service Providers
188:
123:
51:
3697:
3665:
3626:
3556:International recognition
3546:
3500:
3282:
3175:
3169:Economy of Western Sahara
2181:
2022:Public Switched Telephone
1834:telecommunication circuit
1795:Fiber-optic communication
1540:Francis Blake (telephone)
1335:Optical telecommunication
146:Mobile cellular: Unknown.
138:International call prefix
2309:Central African Republic
1933:Orbital angular-momentum
1370:Satellite communications
1209:Communications satellite
803:Central African Republic
692:"Morocco country report"
3476:Manhasset negotiations
3439:(MINURSO, 1991–present)
2795:Palestinian territories
1812:Molecular communication
1635:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1464:Undersea telegraph line
1199:Cable protection system
696:Freedom on the Net 2013
591:ICANN, October 16, 2007
3437:UN referendum mission
2965:YouTube video blocking
2916:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1954:Communication protocol
1740:Charles Sumner Tainter
1555:Walter Houser Brattain
1500:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1308:Information revolution
458:public domain material
434:public domain material
259:(ONI) in August 2009.
3370:ICJ Advisory Opinion
1928:Polarization-division
1660:Narinder Singh Kapany
1625:Erna Schneider Hoover
1545:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1525:Alexander Graham Bell
1256:online video platform
963:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
823:Republic of the Congo
155:microwave radio relay
54:Television in Morocco
3415:(SADR, 1976–present)
3362:UN visiting mission
2855:United Arab Emirates
1770:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1730:Almon Brown Strowger
1700:Charles Grafton Page
1355:Prepaid mobile phone
1283:Electrical telegraph
348:improve this article
159:tropospheric scatter
48:Radio and television
3566:Moroccan Initiative
3405:Western Sahara War
2637:Trinidad and Tobago
1720:Johann Philipp Reis
1479:Wireless revolution
1441:The Telephone Cases
1298:Hydraulic telegraph
1038:States with limited
191:Internet in Morocco
103:Television stations
3639:Telecommunications
3445:Houston Agreement
3344:Colonial governors
3304:Southern Provinces
2562:Dominican Republic
1918:Frequency-division
1895:Telephone exchange
1765:Charles Wheatstone
1695:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1670:Innocenzo Manzetti
1605:Reginald Fessenden
1340:Optical telegraphy
1173:Telecommunications
666:2009-05-13 at the
440:The World Factbook
269:Freedom on the Net
257:OpenNet Initiative
219:Wireless broadband
3733:
3732:
3693:
3692:
3652:
3651:
3613:
3612:
3533:
3532:
3487:
3486:
3423:(built 1981–1987)
3241:
3240:
3135:
3134:
2231:
2230:
1969:Store and forward
1964:Data transmission
1878:Network switching
1829:Transmission line
1675:Guglielmo Marconi
1640:Internet pioneers
1505:Mohamed M. Atalla
1474:Whistled language
1139:
1138:
1065:other territories
838:Equatorial Guinea
424:
423:
416:
398:
221:: unknown (2012).
215:: unknown (2012).
209:: unknown (2012).
180:, Morocco (2008).
16:(Redirected from
3768:
3713:
3706:
3663:
3634:
3624:
3544:
3498:
3479:
3471:
3464:
3456:
3448:
3440:
3432:
3429:Settlement Plan
3424:
3416:
3408:
3389:
3381:
3373:
3365:
3339:
3326:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3292:Sahrawi Republic
3287:Political status
3268:
3261:
3254:
3245:
3207:History of trade
3162:
3155:
3148:
3139:
3127:Papua New Guinea
2411:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2235:
2221:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2062:Notable networks
2052:Wireless network
1992:Cellular network
1984:Types of network
1959:Computer network
1846:Network topology
1760:Thomas A. Watson
1615:Oliver Heaviside
1600:Philo Farnsworth
1575:Daniel Davis Jr.
1550:Charles Bourseul
1510:John Logie Baird
1219:Data compression
1214:Computer network
1166:
1159:
1152:
1143:
1126:
1125:(United Kingdom)
1121:Tristan da Cunha
1117:Ascension Island
1109:
1096:
1087:
1063:Dependencies and
756:Sovereign states
744:
737:
730:
721:
715:
699:
689:
683:
677:
671:
658:
652:
645:"Internet hosts"
642:
636:
626:
620:
610:
604:
598:
592:
586:
580:
570:
564:
559:
553:
552:
550:
549:
535:
529:
519:
500:
494:
488:
481:"Western Sahara"
478:
455:
454:
448:
431:
430:
419:
412:
408:
405:
399:
397:
356:
332:
324:
197:Top-level domain
99:: 56,000 (1997).
21:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3689:
3648:
3632:
3631:Sahrawi peseta
3609:
3576:Polisario Front
3529:
3483:
3477:
3469:
3462:
3454:
3446:
3438:
3430:
3422:
3414:
3406:
3393:
3387:
3386:Madrid Accords
3379:
3371:
3363:
3350:
3337:
3336:Spanish Sahara
3315:
3308:
3306:
3296:
3294:
3278:
3272:
3242:
3237:
3216:
3185:
3179:Moroccan dirham
3171:
3166:
3136:
3131:
3100:
3031:North Macedonia
2874:
2663:
2495:
2407:
2267:
2262:
2232:
2227:
2187:
2185:
2177:
2119:
2056:
1978:
1942:
1899:
1848:
1840:
1781:
1774:
1680:Robert Metcalfe
1535:Tim Berners-Lee
1483:
1303:Information Age
1175:
1170:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1124:
1107:
1094:
1085:
1066:
1064:
1057:
1041:
1039:
1032:
751:
748:
713:
707:
702:
690:
686:
678:
674:
668:Wayback Machine
659:
655:
643:
639:
627:
623:
611:
607:
599:
595:
587:
583:
571:
567:
560:
556:
547:
545:
537:
536:
532:
520:
503:
495:
491:
479:
470:
452:
437:
428:
420:
409:
403:
400:
357:
355:
345:
333:
322:
304:
292:self-censorship
284:economic rights
276:civil liberties
252:
246:
213:Fixed broadband
193:
187:
128:
122:
115:: 6,000 (1997).
113:Television sets
56:
50:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3774:
3772:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3738:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3715:
3714:
3707:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3685:Sahrawi people
3682:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3644:Transportation
3641:
3636:
3627:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3581:former members
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3473:
3458:
3450:
3442:
3434:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3383:
3375:
3367:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3332:
3330:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3301:
3289:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277: articles
3275:Western Sahara
3273:
3271:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3248:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3212:Transportation
3209:
3204:
3202:Communications
3199:
3193:
3191:
3190:Communications
3187:
3186:
3183:Sahrawi peseta
3176:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3142:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3096:United Kingdom
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2936:Czech Republic
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2409:Western Sahara
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2215:
2205:
2195:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1913:Space-division
1909:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1750:Camille Tissot
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1725:Claude Shannon
1722:
1717:
1715:Tivadar Puskás
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1685:Antonio Meucci
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1655:Charles K. Kao
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1630:Harold Hopkins
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1530:Emile Berliner
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1469:Videotelephony
1466:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1444:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1372:
1367:
1365:Radiotelephone
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1251:Internet video
1243:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1146:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1130:Western Sahara
1127:
1110:
1097:
1088:
1074:Canary Islands
1070:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1037:
1034:
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920:
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910:
905:
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895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
759:
757:
753:
752:
749:
747:
746:
739:
732:
724:
718:
717:
706:
705:External links
703:
701:
700:
684:
672:
661:Select Formats
653:
649:World Factbook
637:
621:
605:
593:
581:
577:World Factbook
565:
554:
530:
526:World Factbook
501:
489:
467:
466:
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449:
422:
421:
336:
334:
327:
321:
318:
317:
316:
310:
303:
300:
245:
242:
241:
240:
234:
228:
225:Internet hosts
222:
216:
210:
207:Internet users
204:
186:
183:
182:
181:
174:Atlantic Ocean
166:
147:
144:
141:
135:
121:
118:
117:
116:
110:
100:
94:
93:
92:
73:
70:
60:Radio stations
49:
46:
38:Western Sahara
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3773:
3762:
3759:
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3110:
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3097:
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3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2871:
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2866:
2863:
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2858:
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2851:
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2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
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2813:
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2808:
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2798:
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2753:
2751:
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2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2642:United States
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
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2449:
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2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2359:Guinea-Bissau
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2254:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2224:
2216:
2214:
2206:
2204:
2196:
2194:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1938:Code-division
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1923:Time-division
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:and switching
1847:
1843:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1800:optical fiber
1798:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1790:Coaxial cable
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1705:Radia Perlman
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1595:Lee de Forest
1593:
1591:
1590:Thomas Edison
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1580:Donald Davies
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1565:Claude Chappe
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1409:Smoke signals
1407:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1387:Semiconductor
1385:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1246:Digital media
1244:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1131:
1128:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
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359:Find sources:
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337:This article
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29:
19:
3711:Bibliography
3675:Demographics
3638:
3561:Legal status
3551:Human rights
3466: /
3378:Green March
3201:
2850:Turkmenistan
2810:Saudi Arabia
2456:South Africa
2446:Sierra Leone
2294:Burkina Faso
1905:Multiplexing
1780:Transmission
1745:Nikola Tesla
1735:Henry Sutton
1690:Samuel Morse
1620:Robert Hooke
1585:Amos Dolbear
1520:John Bardeen
1439:
1419:Telautograph
1323:Mobile phone
1278:Edholm's law
1261:social media
1194:Broadcasting
1129:
1113:Saint Helena
1084:
988:South Africa
978:Sierra Leone
783:Burkina Faso
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546:. Retrieved
543:www.arrl.org
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404:January 2008
401:
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370:
358:
346:Please help
341:verification
338:
273:
268:
253:
176:) linked to
132:Calling code
32:
27:
26:
3478:(2007–2008)
3455:(2000/2003)
3453:Baker Plan
3407:(1975–1991)
3338:(1884–1975)
3329:Before 1975
3228:Agriculture
3122:New Zealand
3081:Switzerland
3026:Netherlands
2820:South Korea
2800:Philippines
2780:North Korea
2675:Afghanistan
2647:Puerto Rico
2572:El Salvador
2364:Ivory Coast
2105:NPL network
1817:Radio waves
1755:Alfred Vail
1665:Hedy Lamarr
1650:Dawon Kahng
1610:Elisha Gray
1570:Yogen Dalal
1495:Nasir Ahmed
1429:Teleprinter
1293:Heliographs
1040:recognition
993:South Sudan
883:Ivory Coast
714:(in Arabic)
75:Unofficial
36:claims the
3740:Categories
3633:(currency)
3520:Ecoregions
3398:Since 1975
3388:(November)
3380:(November)
3221:Industries
3177:Currency:
3021:Montenegro
3001:Kazakhstan
2901:Azerbaijan
2860:Uzbekistan
2840:Tajikistan
2755:Kyrgyzstan
2705:East Timor
2685:Bangladesh
2552:Costa Rica
2416:Mozambique
2399:Mauritania
2389:Madagascar
2151:Antarctica
2110:Toasternet
2032:Television
1515:Paul Baran
1447:Television
1431:(teletype)
1424:Telegraphy
1402:transistor
1380:Phryctoria
1350:Photophone
1328:Smartphone
1318:Mass media
1095:(Portugal)
1053:Somaliland
973:Seychelles
938:Mozambique
923:Mauritania
908:Madagascar
863:The Gambia
798:Cape Verde
548:2022-05-29
374:newspapers
320:References
248:See also:
239:(ISPs): NA
189:See also:
124:See also:
120:Telephones
52:See also:
3493:Geography
3372:(October)
3112:Australia
3011:Lithuania
2825:Sri Lanka
2815:Singapore
2720:Indonesia
2710:Hong Kong
2659:Venezuela
2612:Nicaragua
2582:Guatemala
2577:Greenland
2507:Argentina
2466:Swaziland
2135:Americas
2124:Locations
2095:Internet2
1856:Bandwidth
1560:Vint Cerf
1457:streaming
1435:Telephone
1375:Semaphore
1266:streaming
928:Mauritius
280:political
163:satellite
85:callsigns
3720:Category
3588:Politics
3539:Politics
3525:Wildlife
3066:Slovenia
3061:Slovakia
3041:Portugal
2921:Bulgaria
2845:Thailand
2790:Pakistan
2765:Mongolia
2760:Malaysia
2695:Cambodia
2632:Suriname
2622:Paraguay
2597:Honduras
2547:Colombia
2517:Barbados
2500:Americas
2491:Zimbabwe
2471:Tanzania
2339:Ethiopia
2324:Congo RO
2319:Congo DR
2304:Cameroon
2289:Botswana
2203:Category
2090:Internet
2080:CYCLADES
1997:Ethernet
1947:Concepts
1871:terminal
1822:wireless
1645:Bob Kahn
1488:Pioneers
1313:Internet
1204:Cable TV
1119: /
1115: /
1108:(France)
1102: /
1080: /
1076: /
1028:Zimbabwe
1003:Tanzania
853:Ethiopia
848:Eswatini
828:Djibouti
793:Cameroon
778:Botswana
664:Archived
302:See also
271:report.
185:Internet
170:Intelsat
3704:Outline
3670:Cuisine
3658:Culture
3619:Economy
3515:Climate
3505:Borders
3321:History
3233:Tourism
3197:Banking
3105:Oceania
3091:Ukraine
3046:Romania
3016:Moldova
2991:Ireland
2986:Iceland
2981:Hungary
2971:Georgia
2961:Germany
2951:Finland
2946:Estonia
2941:Denmark
2926:Croatia
2911:Belgium
2906:Belarus
2896:Austria
2891:Armenia
2886:Albania
2865:Vietnam
2770:Myanmar
2680:Bahrain
2654:Uruguay
2602:Jamaica
2567:Ecuador
2527:Bolivia
2512:Bahamas
2481:Tunisia
2451:Somalia
2441:Senegal
2431:Nigeria
2421:Namibia
2404:Morocco
2379:Liberia
2374:Lesotho
2334:Eritrea
2299:Burundi
2279:Algeria
2223:Commons
2213:Outline
2166:Oceania
2085:FidoNet
2070:ARPANET
1883:circuit
1452:digital
1181:History
1104:RĂ©union
1100:Mayotte
1091:Madeira
1086:(Spain)
1082:Melilla
1013:Tunisia
983:Somalia
968:Senegal
953:Nigeria
943:Namibia
933:Morocco
898:Liberia
893:Lesotho
843:Eritrea
813:Comoros
788:Burundi
763:Algeria
388:scholar
296:Sahrawi
265:Morocco
263:listed
165:(2008).
151:Morocco
107:RASD TV
34:Morocco
3725:Portal
3510:Cities
3470:(2007)
3463:(2003)
3447:(1997)
3431:(1991)
3086:Turkey
3076:Sweden
3056:Serbia
3051:Russia
3036:Poland
3006:Latvia
2976:Greece
2956:France
2931:Cyprus
2879:Europe
2835:Taiwan
2750:Kuwait
2745:Jordan
2735:Israel
2690:Bhutan
2617:Panama
2607:Mexico
2587:Guyana
2537:Canada
2532:Brazil
2522:Belize
2486:Zambia
2436:Rwanda
2394:Malawi
2354:Guinea
2344:Gambia
2284:Angola
2272:Africa
2161:Europe
2131:Africa
2115:Usenet
2075:BITNET
2012:Mobile
1888:packet
1397:MOSFET
1392:device
1189:Beacon
1123:
1106:
1093:
1023:Zambia
1018:Uganda
958:Rwanda
913:Malawi
873:Guinea
768:Angola
390:
383:
376:
369:
361:
282:, and
161:, and
134:: +212
97:Radios
3680:Music
3468:1754
3421:Berm
3364:(May)
3071:Spain
2996:Italy
2870:Yemen
2830:Syria
2805:Qatar
2775:Nepal
2740:Japan
2715:India
2700:China
2592:Haiti
2542:Chile
2461:Sudan
2426:Niger
2384:Libya
2369:Kenya
2349:Ghana
2329:Egypt
2144:South
2139:North
2100:JANET
2037:Telex
2027:Radio
1866:Nodes
1861:Links
1782:media
1360:Radio
1345:Pager
1273:Drums
1239:video
1234:image
1224:audio
1078:Ceuta
998:Sudan
948:Niger
903:Libya
888:Kenya
868:Ghana
858:Gabon
833:Egypt
773:Benin
436:from
395:JSTOR
381:books
288:Islam
178:Rabat
3593:SADR
3355:1975
3117:Fiji
2785:Oman
2730:Iraq
2725:Iran
2668:Asia
2627:Peru
2557:Cuba
2476:Togo
2314:Chad
2156:Asia
2042:UUCP
2002:ISDN
1008:Togo
918:Mali
808:Chad
711:SNRT
367:news
231:IPv4
140:: 00
81:DXCC
2047:WAN
2017:NGN
2007:LAN
1288:Fax
1229:DCT
445:CIA
350:by
201:.eh
3742::
3181:·
694:,
647:,
575:,
541:.
524:,
504:^
483:,
471:^
443:.
278:,
157:,
62::
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2963:(
2412:)
2406:(
2257:e
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2170:(
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411:(
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402:(
392:·
385:·
378:·
371:·
344:.
172:(
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20:)
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