Template:Sfn - Knowledge (XXG)

32: 1604:...by the fact itself.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2018|p=1}}</ref> ==Family Tree== He's his own grandpa.{{efn-lg|{{harvnb|Latham|1947|p=9}} }} ===FT notes=== {{notelist-lg}} ===FT references=== *{{citation |last=Latham |first=Dwight |date=1947 |title=The Adams family}} ==See also== ]<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2018|p=2}}</ref> ==Notes== {{Reflist}} ==References== * {{citation |last=Smith |date=2018 |title=Smith's other book}} 63: 123: 2044:

Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|Jones|Brown|Black|1994|p=25}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | last2 = Jones | last3 = Brown | last4 = Black | last5 = Davis | last6 = Martinez | last7 = Hsu | date = 1994 | title = Scientific paper written by many

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Some sources do not have a single author with a last name, such as a magazine article or a report from a government institution. There is no consensus (in Knowledge (XXG) or among citation styles) about how to format author–date citations for works that do not have a specific author. Several choices

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Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith et al.|1995|p=25}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | last2 = Jones | last3 = Brown | last4 = Black | last5 = Davis | last6 = Martinez | last7 = Hsu | date = 1995 | title = Another paper by many scientists | journal

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Typical usage is shown in the example below. The text and the footnote are connected by a bi-directional link – clicking on the superscript takes the reader to the footnote, clicking on the footnote number takes them back to the superscript. The clicking on the short citation takes them to the full

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Article text.<ref name=Smith2008p25>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=25}}.</ref> More article text.<ref name=Smith2008p25/> Still more article text.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=26}}.</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | date =

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Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1993a|p=25}} More text.{{sfn|Smith|1993b|p=32}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Karen |date=January 1993a |title=Smith's first paper |journal=Important Journal }} * {{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Karen |date=Spring–Summer 1993b

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to make the anchor. (As of November 2010, there are only approximately 100 articles that require this technique.) It is also possible that (3) local editors would prefer not to use citation templates. In this case, it is important to discuss what the local editors would like to do about the bad

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Article text.{{sfn |Big Government Agency|1999}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{wikicite | reference = {{cite report | title=Important Government Report | publisher=Big Government Agency | date=1999 }} | ref = {{harvid|Big Government Agency|1999}} }}

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Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}} More article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}} Still more article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=26}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | date = 2007 | title = Smith's Book }}

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Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2020|p=25}} More article text.{{sfn|Smith|2020|p=25}} Still more article text.{{sfn|Smith|2020|p=26}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | date = 2020 | title = Smith's Book }}

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There are several other templates that are designed for use with shortened footnotes. They differ slightly in the way they format the author-date citation and how much of their functionality is automated. A full list of these related templates is

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Article text.{{sfn |A particularly unusual citation}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{wikicite | reference = A source that can't be described using our citation templates at all. | ref = {{harvid|A particularly unusual citation}} }}

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Sometimes there is a need to create two or more separate lists of inline footnotes. For example some family trees are contained in templates, they are transluded into several biographies, and they have their own self contained citations (see

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of a citation template can be matched—the template logic can extract the year from a full date. If the date parameter is not a full date, then the extraction will fail. If the link does not seem to work, it also possible to set both

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This template creates a short author–date citation in a footnote. It allows you to link inline citation using Harvard citations (a form of short citations using parenthetical references) to their corresponding full bibliographic

5015:== References == * {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1936 | ...}} * {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1937 | ...}} * {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1943 | ...}} 2746:

Article text.{{sfn|Morrison|1987}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite comic |writer=Morrison, Grant |artist=Yeowell, Steve |title=2000 AD |date=August 15, 1987 |publisher=] |ref={{sfnref|Morrison|1987}}

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Interesting fact.{{efn|Clarification of interesting fact.{{sfn|Smith|2018}}}} ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==Citations== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | date = 2018 | title = Smith's other book }}

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There are several templates used to create short citations; they differ in the use and placement of parentheses, in the separator before the page or location, and in whether a terminal full stop (period) is present:

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since 2022. This usage has not been deprecated within internal pages such as Knowledge (XXG) documentation, user pages, or wikiprojects, though there is rarely a practical use for it instead of just using normal

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template, such as multiple papers by the same author, using both the first and last names, links to articles about the author, and others. Any kind of unusual link can also be constructed using the idiom

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Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1997|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | first = Karen | date = 11 May 1997 | title = Smith's 1997 paper | journal= Important Journal

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Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | first = Karen | date = May 1998 | title = Smith's 1998 paper | journal= Important Journal }}

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Interesting fact.{{#tag:ref|Clarification of interesting fact.{{sfn|Smith|2017}}}} ==Citations== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | date = 2017 | title = Smith's other book }}

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Note that the use (or even non-use) of these templates is an element of citation "style", and adding or removing them in articles with an established style should be consistent with that style. See

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Names must be unique. You may not use the same name to define different groups or footnotes. Try to avoid picking a name that someone else is likely to choose for a new citation, such as

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Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|2006|p=25}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | title = Smith's book | date = 2006 }}

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The theory was developed by {{harvs|txt|first=F. J.|last=Murray|author1-link=F. J. Murray|first2=J.|last2=von Neumann|author2-link=John von Neumann|year=1936|year2=1937|year3=1943}}.

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can be used to create internal wikilinks with either small superscript-style labels (like this) or plain free-text labels to such anchors. It can be used inside of other citations.

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Names should have semantic value, so that they can be more easily distinguished from each other by human editors who are looking at the wikitext. This means that ref names like

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To facilitate this, while the main page uses the standard 1,2,3 footnote counting, it is common for family trees to use the efn template with a group parameter set—for example

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In a few very rare cases, it may be impossible for the citation templates to create an anchor. Either (1) the citation is formatted with a template that does not support the

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Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{vcite book | author = Smith K | date = 1999 | title = Smith's 1999 Book | harvid = Smith1999 }}

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error may be displayed even when the short-cite template is valid and the link works. That is a "false positive" error. The error message can be suppressed by adding

3224:: Find the source (it may be copied from an article on a similar subject), and check that it verifies the text. If the source can't be found, tag the citation with 6737:

Page number in source, if the relevant information is on one page (use the «pp» parameter for multiple pages, and the «loc» parameter for other location data)

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is used to create an unusually named link from the short citation to the full citation. This parameter is usually not necessary, and it is more common to use

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can be used to create separate explanatory footnotes from short citations, as shown in the first example. An article that uses this technique extensively is

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parameters. The template will display the date and use the year for the anchor. These two examples show a year being successfully extracted from full date.

150: 6196: 6402: 6270: 911:, no hyperlink is created. However, if one does not want the link, it is always possible to simply use plain text instead of the template. The parameter 179:

in a footnote, with a one-directional link to the first matching citation template on the same page. It will combine identical footnotes automatically.

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to create an anchor for the Harvard citation templates. This must be set to a concatenation of the parameters passed to the Harvard citation template.

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given in the error message will identify the wrong list-defined reference in the first false-positive error message on the page; this is tracked in

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with a link to the full citation. It should only be used within footnotes or on internal pages. Use of inline parenthetical referencing within the

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According to {{harvtxt|Smith|2009|p=25}} ... ==References== * {{citation | last = Smith | first = John | date = 2009 | title = Smith's Book }}

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You may optionally provide reference names even when the reference name is not required. This makes later re-use of the sourced reference easier.

1001:"A quote in a secondary source."<ref>{{harvtxt|Smith|2011|p=2}} quoted in {{harvtxt|Jones|2010|p=343}}</ref> == Notes == {{reflist}} 1565:(lower-greek). The efn templates are text templates, to link some or all of the content of the efn template to a long citation template such as 6506: 6134: 6982: 6014: 4247:; please see their documentation pages. Editors editing one of these templates are requested to make parallel changes to the other versions. 3700: 1992:

The above solution to add a letter suffix after the year element also works for multiple authors with the same last name. For example, both

6970: 6488: 6407: 4066: 3805: 47: 3268:: check the source for the correct spelling, and use the same spelling, spacing, and capitalization in both the short and full citations. 2000:

published books in 2006. To differentiate between the two books, the first one can be given the year "2006a" and the second one "2006b".

6232: 4696:==References== * {{cite book |last = Smith |first = John ... Smith's book}} * {{cite book |last = Jones |first = Mary ... Jones' book}} 146: 6952: 6275: 4311:) has the same effect, automatically adds a period (full stop) after the page number, and combines identical footnotes automatically. 7009: 6966: 43: 6169: 6127: 4231:

All of these templates have the same parameters and basic functionality. This page describes all of them except the parameters of

3096:, which does not use a trailing period (full stop) when rendering full citations. The postscript is only effective the first time 6412: 965:

Some information.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2011|p=2}}: "A quote verifying the information."</ref> == Notes == {{reflist}}

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parameter or (2) the source can't be described using our citation templates at all. In these cases, it is possible to use

2823: 203:). This citation style is used to reduce clutter in the edit window and to combine multiple citations to the same source. 6179: 7025: 3589: 3084:

removes the final period. Compare the two examples. Suppressing the default period (full stop) ensures consistency with

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from a Harvard style citation to a full citation at the bottom of the page, there are several possible solutions. If:

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appropriately, if necessary). Otherwise consult with local editors on the talk page about how to proceed. Either add

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can be used to specify a location in the source in another way, such as section numbers or chapters. The parameters

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When a short-cite template links to a full citation that is rendered by a template that wraps a CS1 template, like

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citation templates are used liberally throughout the article, then reformat the full citation with the appropriate

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making it easier to consistently create such internal links in small superscript or plain-text label styles.)

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has been advised to hold this additional information, but it is not suitable for this purpose. Two or more

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Year for citations with two authors, or last name of third author for citations with three or more authors

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The citation does not have an author's, or an editor's, last name (authors take precedence over editors).

1997: 81: 3431:: remove the cite span (these are deprecated) and proceed following the recommendation immediately above. 6636:

Year for citations with one author, or last name of second author for citations with two or more authors

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Smith; Jones; Brown; Black; Davis; Martinez; Hsu (1994). "Scientific paper written by many scientists".

1779: 288:> – positional parameters; surnames of next three authors; required if available in the full citation 5775: 3112:

is recommended in order to make it clear that an editor intended there to be no terminal punctuation.

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in the reference section of the article. Clicking on the wikilink repositions the page at the anchor.

2016:) are required by the template. Listing more authors is not supported. It is also possible to use the 1734:, the standard way to disambiguate such works is to add a letter suffix after the year element of the 6977: 1551: 77: 6688:

Year for citations with three authors, or last name of fourth author for citations with four authors

6042: 6027: 3662: 3275:: check the source for the correct year, and use the same year in both the short and full citations. 222: 196: 88:. The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. Consider discussing changes on the 6387: 5447: 5124: 5097: 3788: 2701: 2689: 6093: 3661:

associated with embedding footnotes in list-defined references are known. One of them is that the

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can be used to change the text which appears at the end of the note in the reference list. (See

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can be used to indicate the location in the source, such as page numbers. For single pages, use

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templates, or remove all templates, depending on what local editors prefer. A few articles use

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This covers the most common templates. Information about all of the templates is available at

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and the error message cannot be suppressed, try testing in a sandbox or user subpage instead.

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Smith; Jones; Brown; Black; Davis; Martinez; Hsu (1995). "Another paper by many scientists".

1881:. If month and day should be part of the citation as well, both parameters need to be given: 7005: 6960: 6925: 6458: 6392: 6285: 5996: 5849: 5108: 5081: 4991: 4956: 4914: 4481: 4464: 3814: 3762: 3649: 3642: 3208:

If an article is using this template, and nothing happens when you click on the highlighted

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To avoid major disruption and server load, any changes should be tested in the template's

5760:|last=Smith|first=John|date=27 January 2006|title=My Life}} 6045:, so that identical footnotes are combined automatically. The footnote name begins with 5852:

and numerals. If spaces are used, the following technical restrictions become relevant:

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can be used to add quotes or additional comments into the footnote. Examples are below.

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The ref name becomes more complicated when the page (p) parameter includes a URL, e.g.

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The first four author surnames (or all authors if fewer than four; use the values from

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Please consider keeping reference names short, simple, and restricted to the standard

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Article text.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}</ref>

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Cite error: The named reference ... was defined multiple times with different content

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in the citation template, which allows a more concise citation in the article text.

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If there are more than four authors, the first four authors' surnames (the value in

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Quotation marks are preferred but optional if the only characters used are letters

5451: 5426: 4987: 4952: 1752:). Make sure to add the disambiguation letter to the matching full citation, (e.g. 1369: 1352: 295:> – required; four-digit year; may have a lowercase disambiguation letter, like 6102:. The "p=" and the characters |,:,.,/,?,=; are therefore stripped out of the URL. 5992:

To avoid the sometimes difficult to remember syntax for links to CITEREF anchors,

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template will work correctly inside the footnote, as shown in the second example.

195:, a citation style which pairs a short, author-date citation in a footnote with a 6885: 6861: 6498: 3638: 233:

sfn generates an "author-date" style short-cite from the following parameters:

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For a newspaper or periodical, you may use the name of the paper and the date.

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to create an anchor for the Harvard citation templates. This can be set with

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tags and generates the footnote internally. (To place sfn in a footnote, see

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that is linked to the full citation at the bottom of the article. Template

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The name is spelled or capitalized differently here than in the citation.

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Alternatively, some style guides recommend using the title of the article.

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templates with the same authors, same year, and same page, but different

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section below describes workarounds for various common problems, such as

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The quote marks must be the standard, straight, double quotation marks (

5886:. But quote-enclosed reference names may not include a less-than sign ( 5882:, requires that the reference name be enclosed in quotes; for example, 5922:); curly or other quotes will be parsed as part of the reference name. 1325:

Sometimes an explanatory footnote requires a citation. Templates like

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A source that can't be described using our citation templates at all.

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tag will be different. A workaround is to convert one or some of the

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with the anchor ID(s) to the article. If you are testing changes in

479:). Authors past the fourth must be omitted or an error will result. 5808:

Names are case-sensitive. Please do not use raNdOM capitalization.

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Article text ({{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}).

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Important Government Report (Report). Big Government Agency. 1999.

1913:|title=Smith's second paper |journal=Another Important Journal }} 499: 471: ) are required, followed by the year of publication (from 199:

in the references section at the end of the article (see example

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Article text.{{sfnm|la1=Smith|y1=2010|p1=25|la2=Jones|y2=2010}}

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Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011|ps=none}} == Notes == {{reflist}}

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to achieve the same effect, but this may not be compatible with

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An article should adopt one of these styles consistently. Using

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in the citation template. A custom ID must follow these rules:

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The correct citation appears at the bottom of the article, and

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message. This message happens because the reference names that

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Common problems and known workarounds are given in the section

3637:. It is due to a long-standing bug in mediawiki software (see 3104:

is used for a particular author, year, and location. An empty

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If the Harvard citation uses a handwritten wikilink, such as

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plus the parameters passed to the Harvard citation template.

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puts parentheses around the year. Compare the two examples.

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to create an anchor as an alternative to standard templates.

3294:: Try to fix the date. If the link still does not work, add 1967:

Smith, Karen (Spring–Summer 1993b). "Smith's second paper".

277:> – required; surname of first author or corporate author 5815:

be purely numeric; the software will accept something like

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followed by the concatenation of the following parameters:

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More exotic Harvard citations can be constructed using the

3019: 2095:= Important Journal | ref = {{harvid|Smith et al.|1995}} }} 1786:

for all accepted date formats except year-initial numeric (

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Article text. More article text. Still more article text.

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Article text. More article text. Still more article text.

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If a specific link to the page or section is available, a

858:, below.) The postscript is only effective the first time 382:

Article text. More article text. Still more article text.

5819:(which is punctuation plus a number), but it will ignore 5796:, either in place of the Harvard citation template (e.g. 5281:

Article text.{{sfnp|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}}

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Knowledge (XXG):Citing sources § In-text attribution

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Article text. More article text. Even more article text.

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Other style guides recommend using "Anonymous" or "Anon."

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Knowledge (XXG):Citation templates and reference anchors

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Knowledge (XXG):Citation templates and reference anchors

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Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}}

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use a colon to indicate the page number(s) or location.

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Knowledge (XXG):Citing sources § Bundling citations

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Full citations can be created manually or by templates:

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Knowledge (XXG):Citation templates and reference anchors

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Knowledge (XXG):Citation templates and reference anchors

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Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}}

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is used for citation display and metadata purposes, and

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This template prefers inline formatting of parameters.

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tags, because the following message will be produced:

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creates will be the same, but the content between the

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Article text.{{sfn|Smith|Jones|Brown|Black|2020|p=25}}

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Knowledge (XXG):Citing sources § Short citations

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The citation uses a citation template which supports

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to the citation template. (It's okay if it has both.)

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Smith, Karen (January 1993a). "Smith's first paper".

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Category:All articles with broken links to citations

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is used for a particular author, year and location.

637: 6497: 6481: 6426: 6375: 6327: 6294: 6241: 6205: 6157: 6046: 6006: 5793: 5763: 5751: 3338:The citation uses a template that does not support 6100:<ref name="FOOTNOTEJoyce1903" /> 3633:This is a false-positive: list-defined references 2619:Smith, Karen (11 May 1997). "Smith's 1997 paper". 851: 5871:. That is, all printable ASCII characters except 5003: 4999: 4995: 4968: 4964: 4960: 2193:in the citation template can handle these cases. 2162:For a publication by an institution, use either: 1749:{{sfn|Smith|2006b}} 1743:{{sfn|Smith|2006a}} 1730:Where there is a need to cite more than one work 988:, p. 2: "A quote verifying the information." 495: 344:; information such as a section or figure number. 304:– specific page referenced in the source (alias: 6524:Category:Pages using sfn with unknown parameters 6049:followed by a concatenation of the arguments to 4490:to the full citation at the bottom of the page. 3635:do not work correctly when references are nested 3524:using these templates are added to the category 3354:. Alternatively, an anchor can be created using 2504: 1782:templates, a year-suffix letter may be added to 585:Article text.{{sfn|Smith|Jones|Brown|2020|p=25}} 4412: 4410: 4193: 4154: 2667:Smith, Karen (May 1998). "Smith's 1998 paper". 603: 6079:which, in turn, has the same functionality as 6065:should have exactly the same functionality as 5730:parameter in citation templates is preferred. 3580:Sfn embedded in list-defined ref does not work 3271:The year is different here than the citation. 3257:The citation uses a template from the list at 3238:The Harvard citation uses a template (such as 2921:links. It is always possible to simply remove 1810:anchor to be compliant with legacy citations. 1286: 1164: 1141: 6135: 4980:The theory was developed by ] and ] (],],]). 3350:: Consider modifying the template to support 3108:will also suppress terminal punctuation, but 1732:by the same author published in the same year 1115:can be added to the location or page number. 336:are inappropriate; may be used to supplement 8: 6931:– for unidirectional links, especially from 6561: 6017:) to detect that a link goes to a citation. 4744:is inappropriate for bundled citations; use 3952: 2115: 1988:More than one author with the same last name 487: 6554:in articles based on its TemplateData. 6063:|Smith|2006|p=26}} 5748:|Smith|2006|p=25}} 4792:deprecated by the Knowledge (XXG) community 3998:. United States Department of Agriculture. 3562:to the template, or by adding the template 3369:The full citation does not use a template: 2045:scientists | journal = Important Journal }} 1046: 764:Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2020|loc=chpt. 3}} 679:; for multiple pages (such as ranges), use 316:individual pages and / or range(s) of pages 6976:Editors can experiment in this template's 6568: 6142: 6128: 6120: 6067:<ref name="FOOTNOTESmith200626"> 2899:Citation format does not support anchors: 569: 551:Article text.{{sfn|Smith|Jones|2020|p=25}} 6824: 6763: 6731: 5066: 5042:Murray, F. J.; von Neumann, John (1943), 5034:Murray, F. J.; von Neumann, John (1937), 5026:Murray, F. J.; von Neumann, John (1936), 4042: 4029: 4016: 3532:Link works but displays a no target error 1321:A citation inside an explanatory footnote 907:in the reference section. If you specify 7041:Templates that generate named references 6098:, which, once defined, can be called by 5915:field must be replaced with underscores 5792:A few articles create a custom ID using 5738:The Harvard citation templates create a 3964: 3680: 3500:Otherwise, check that the reference has 3372:It has no wikicode to create an anchor. 2766: 5911:If CITEREF is used, then spaces in the 5438:The most common citation templates are 5330: 5294: 4828: 4671: 4634: 4406: 4339: 4186: 4147: 4112: 4077: 3945: 3833:Harvard citation with colon no brackets 3175: 3140: 3012: 2965: 2857: 2759: 2646: 2598: 2497: 2334: 2107: 2057: 1925: 1877:: not supported, the template must use 1847:: month or season ranges and year dates 1790:). 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More text. 1905: 1902: 1883:|date=2013-11-09 1857:|date=2024–2025e 1802:). 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See notes on 5062: 5049: 5041: 5033: 5025: 5022: 5016: 5008: 4981: 4973: 4946: 4927: 4921: 4917: 4911: 4907: 4898: 4895: 4893:Template:harvid 4885: 4880: 4874: 4859: 4850: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4834: 4830: 4825: 4816: 4774: 4771: 4766: 4753: 4745: 4737: 4724: 4715: 4706: 4703: 4697: 4689: 4688: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4660: 4652: 4651: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4623: 4615: 4600: 4577: 4572:can be used to 4565: 4562: 4556: 4551: 4545: 4530: 4522: 4519: 4506: 4479: 4476: 4470: 4465: 4450: 4441: 4438: 4435: 4427: 4423: 4415: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4392: 4383: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4360: 4356: 4348: 4341: 4337: 4328: 4300: 4284: 4281: 4271: 4266: 4260: 4253: 4240: 4232: 4221: 4205: 4204: 4192: 4188: 4183: 4171: 4166: 4165: 4153: 4149: 4144: 4132: 4127: 4126: 4118: 4114: 4109: 4097: 4092: 4091: 4083: 4079: 4074: 4064: 4055: 4036: 4023: 4010: 3991: 3983: 3982: 3975: 3971: 3963: 3959: 3951: 3947: 3936: 3926: 3917: 3900: 3891: 3865: 3856: 3839: 3830: 3812: 3803: 3786: 3777: 3760: 3751: 3733: 3724: 3707: 3698: 3675: 3659:Additional bugs 3652: 3646: 3631: 3630: 3625: 3623: 3622: 3606: 3600: 3582: 3569: 3563: 3554: 3553: 3545: 3537: 3534: 3502:{{wikicite|ref= 3501: 3475: 3460: 3455: 3449: 3435: 3413: 3405: 3397: 3385: 3377: 3360:}}|reference={{ 3355: 3314: 3308: 3296:|year= 3288:|date= 3284:|year= 3280:|date= 3247: 3239: 3225: 3206: 3191: 3190: 3189: 3181: 3177: 3172: 3163: 3155: 3154: 3153: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3128: 3097: 3089: 3077: 3070: 3066: 3037: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3001: 2992: 2986: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2954: 2930: 2922: 2913: 2906: 2901: 2886: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2846: 2820: 2815: 2813:Using sfn with 2800: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2748: 2728: 2720: 2712: 2704: 2698: 2695: 2690: 2688:Using sfn with 2675: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2635: 2627: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2587: 2568:|year= 2564:|date= 2559:|year= 2555:|date= 2551: 2547: 2543: 2529: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2486: 2485: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2362: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2323: 2322: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2271:Important Book 2268: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2189: 2183: 2152: 2137: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2096: 2087: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2046: 2025: 2019: 2010:|last= 2006: 1994:Richard Bushman 1990: 1975: 1966: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1943: 1939: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1914: 1894:|year= 1890:|date= 1807: 1804:|year= 1798:(see exception 1796:|year= 1792:|date= 1787: 1784:|date= 1771: 1766: 1765: 1762: 1753: 1748: 1747: 1742: 1741: 1740:template (e.g. 1736: 1735: 1728: 1713: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1690: 1686: 1678: 1674: 1669: 1661: 1657: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1631: 1627: 1621: 1614: 1605: 1582: 1574: 1566: 1558: 1543: 1528: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1507: 1503: 1495: 1491: 1486: 1477: 1469: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1453: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1409: 1389: 1383: 1379: 1365: 1359: 1355: 1349: 1340: 1332: 1326: 1323: 1308: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1169: 1154: 1146: 1131: 1109: 1092: 1087: 1086: 1073: 1072: 1066: 1057: 1056: 1034: 1033: 1032: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1002: 994: 993: 992: 984: 980: 975: 966: 943: 935: 932: 925: 923:Possible issues 900: 892: 876: 872: 859: 840: 838:Additional text 825: 824: 823: 815: 811: 805: 799: 791: 790: 789: 781: 777: 771: 765: 757: 756: 755: 747: 743: 737: 731: 701:|page= 661: 646: 645: 644: 636: 632: 626: 620: 612: 611: 610: 602: 598: 592: 586: 578: 577: 576: 568: 564: 558: 552: 544: 543: 542: 534: 530: 524: 518: 484:possible issues 477:|date= 473:|year= 453: 448: 433: 425: 423: 420: 412: 408: 400: 393: 389: 385: 377: 306:|page= 296: 294: 287: 283: 276: 267: 264: 260: 257:*> | p= < 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 231: 210:section below. 208:possible issues 188: 182: 172: 166: 156: 122: 116: 115: 107: 102: 75: 62: 56: 37: 31: 29: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7054: 7052: 7044: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7018: 7017: 6948: 6947: 6935: 6920: 6908: 6892: 6880: 6868: 6854: 6851: 6847: 6846: 6843: 6840: 6839: 6838: 6835: 6827: 6819: 6815: 6814: 6811: 6808: 6807: 6806: 6803: 6795: 6790: 6786: 6785: 6782: 6779: 6778: 6777: 6774: 6766: 6758: 6754: 6753: 6750: 6747: 6746: 6745: 6742: 6734: 6726: 6722: 6721: 6718: 6715: 6714: 6708: 6703: 6699: 6698: 6695: 6692: 6691: 6685: 6680: 6676: 6675: 6672: 6669: 6668: 6662: 6657: 6653: 6652: 6649: 6646: 6645: 6644: 6641: 6633: 6628: 6624: 6623: 6620: 6617: 6616: 6615: 6612: 6604: 6599: 6593: 6592: 6589: 6586: 6583: 6540:TemplateWizard 6533: 6531: 6528: 6520: 6517: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6509: 6503: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6491: 6485: 6483: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6475: 6464: 6453: 6442: 6430: 6428: 6424: 6423: 6421: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6388:Citation tools 6385: 6379: 6377: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6337:Reference-tags 6333: 6331: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6300: 6298: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6247: 6245: 6243:Citing sources 6239: 6238: 6236: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6209: 6207: 6206:General advice 6203: 6202: 6200: 6199: 6194: 6192:Citing sources 6189: 6188: 6187: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6161: 6159: 6155: 6154: 6149: 6147: 6146: 6139: 6132: 6124: 6043:named footnote 6030: 6019: 6005:Note that the 5986: 5983: 5982: 5963: 5958: 5950: 5945: 5941: 5929: 5928: 5925: 5924: 5923: 5913:|ref= 5909: 5908: 5907: 5881: 5876: 5846: 5835: 5824: 5809: 5802:|ref= 5788: 5787: 5779: 5774: 5771: 5768: 5735: 5732: 5713: 5712: 5703: 5681: 5659: 5637: 5618:editor-surname 5603: 5573: 5543: 5513: 5490:author-surname 5446:. By default, 5429: 5423: 5410: 5407: 5404: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5397: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5381: 5380: 5377: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5347: 5343: 5342: 5329: 5328: 5325: 5323:Article text. 5321: 5319: 5316: 5313: 5312: 5307: 5306: 5293: 5292: 5289: 5287:Article text. 5285: 5283: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5273: 5255: 5241: 5238: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5231: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5214: 5213: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5195: 5194: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5159: 5158: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5140: 5139: 5136: 5102: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5047: 5039: 5031: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5010: 4992:J. von Neumann 4984: 4982: 4979: 4976: 4975: 4957:J. von Neumann 4949: 4947: 4944: 4941: 4940: 4937: 4884: 4870: 4867: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4860: 4858: 4857: 4845: 4842: 4841: 4827: 4826: 4823: 4821:Article text. 4819: 4817: 4814: 4811: 4810: 4807: 4770: 4762: 4732: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4722: 4713: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4687: 4686: 4681:, p. 25; 4670: 4667: 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3914: 3913: 3907: 3898: 3888: 3887: 3872: 3863: 3853: 3852: 3846: 3837: 3827: 3826: 3819: 3810: 3800: 3799: 3793: 3784: 3774: 3773: 3772:, p. 25) 3767: 3758: 3748: 3747: 3746:, p. 25) 3740: 3731: 3721: 3720: 3714: 3705: 3695: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3674: 3671: 3663:reference name 3616: 3615: 3581: 3578: 3533: 3530: 3518: 3517: 3516: 3515: 3514: 3513: 3498: 3495:|ref= 3483:|ref= 3472: 3471: 3470: 3469: 3468: 3432: 3421: 3404:templates and 3394:|ref= 3367: 3352:|ref= 3340:|ref= 3336: 3321: 3320: 3319: 3307:|ref= 3299: 3276: 3269: 3233: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3187: 3174: 3173: 3170: 3168:Article text. 3166: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3152: 3151: 3139: 3138: 3135: 3133:Article text. 3131: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3122: 3119: 3069: 3063: 3045: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3035: 3027: 3025: 3024: 3011: 3008: 3006:Article text. 3004: 3002: 2998: 2995: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2980: 2978: 2977: 2964: 2961: 2959:Article text. 2957: 2955: 2951: 2948: 2947: 2944: 2910:|ref= 2905: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2887: 2885: 2884: 2872: 2870: 2869: 2867:, p. 101. 2856: 2853: 2851:Article text. 2849: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2840: 2837: 2819: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2801: 2799: 2798: 2774: 2772: 2771: 2758: 2755: 2753:Article text. 2751: 2749: 2745: 2742: 2741: 2738: 2709:|ref= 2694: 2691:{{cite comic}} 2686: 2683: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2673: 2661: 2659: 2658: 2656:, p. 101. 2645: 2642: 2640:Article text. 2638: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2613: 2611: 2610: 2608:, p. 101. 2597: 2594: 2592:Article text. 2590: 2588: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2577: 2550: 2540: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2530: 2528: 2527: 2515: 2513: 2512: 2496: 2493: 2491:Article text. 2489: 2487: 2414:==References== 2370: 2368: 2365: 2364: 2361: 2360: 2356:Important Book 2349: 2347: 2346: 2344:, p. 429. 2333: 2330: 2328:Article text. 2326: 2324: 2251:==References== 2209: 2207: 2204: 2203: 2200: 2182:|ref= 2178: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2169: 2166: 2160: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2136: 2135: 2123: 2121: 2120: 2106: 2103: 2101:Article text. 2099: 2097: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2085: 2073: 2071: 2070: 2056: 2053: 2051:Article text. 2049: 2047: 2043: 2040: 2039: 2036: 2018:|ref= 2005: 2002: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1976: 1974: 1973: 1964: 1952: 1950: 1949: 1937: 1924: 1921: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1898: 1897: 1870: 1864: 1854: 1848: 1838: 1828: 1818: 1761: 1758: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1714: 1712: 1711: 1706:Smith (2018), 1700: 1697: 1696: 1684: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1659: 1655: 1654: 1642: 1638: 1637: 1624: 1623: 1619: 1612: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1599: 1596: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1527: 1526: 1520:Smith (2017). 1514: 1511: 1510: 1501: 1488: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1461:Smith (2018). 1455: 1452: 1451: 1438: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1430: 1420: 1419: 1416: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1403: 1402: 1399: 1348:The templates 1322: 1319: 1316: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1307: 1306: 1300:Smith (2011). 1294: 1292: 1291: 1274: 1271: 1269:Article text. 1267: 1265: 1218:==References== 1177: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1108: 1105: 1042: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1031: 1030: 1028:, p. 343) 1013: 1012: 1009: 1005: 1003: 1000: 997: 996: 991: 990: 977: 976: 973: 969: 967: 964: 961: 960: 957: 934:The templates 931: 928: 924: 921: 917:|ref= 913:|Ref= 889:|ref= 871: 868: 839: 836: 833: 832: 830: 827: 826: 822: 821: 808: 807: 802: 800: 797: 794: 793: 788: 787: 774: 773: 768: 766: 763: 760: 759: 754: 753: 740: 739: 734: 732: 729: 726: 725: 722: 697:|loc= 673:|loc= 660: 657: 654: 653: 651: 648: 647: 643: 642: 629: 628: 623: 621: 618: 615: 614: 609: 608: 595: 594: 589: 587: 584: 581: 580: 575: 574: 561: 560: 555: 553: 550: 547: 546: 541: 540: 527: 526: 521: 519: 516: 513: 512: 509: 492:no author name 452: 449: 447: 444: 441: 440: 438: 435: 434: 421: 419: 418: 406: 390: 387: 380: 378: 374: 371: 370: 367: 346: 345: 326:|loc= 323: 309: 299: 292: 289: 285: 281: 278: 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6541: 6537: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6518: 6508: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6500: 6496: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6480: 6471: 6465: 6460: 6454: 6449: 6443: 6438: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6425: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6398:Cite messages 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6376:Advanced help 6374: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6330: 6326: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6301: 6299: 6297: 6293: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6240: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6210: 6208: 6204: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6186: 6183: 6182: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6165:Verifiability 6163: 6162: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6145: 6140: 6138: 6133: 6131: 6126: 6125: 6122: 6118: 6116: 6110: 6103: 6095: 6091: 6084: 6073: 6062: 6054: 6044: 6038: 6029: 6025: 6018: 6016: 6012: 6003: 5998: 5990: 5976: 5969: 5964: 5959:cite_nameyear 5956: 5951: 5939: 5934: 5933: 5932: 5926: 5917: 5916: 5910: 5906:respectively. 5897: 5879: 5877: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5847: 5836: 5828:"Nguyen 2010" 5825: 5810: 5807: 5806: 5805: 5785: 5781: 5780: 5777: 5769: 5767: 5759: 5747: 5741: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5725: 5720: 5718: 5711: 5707: 5704: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5682: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5660: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5638: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5574: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5544: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5514: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5460: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5435: 5428: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5416: 5408: 5402: 5400: 5399: 5395: 5394:, p. 25 5393: 5388: 5383: 5382: 5374: 5371: 5367: 5361: 5352: 5350: 5349: 5339: 5334: 5331: 5324: 5320: 5315: 5314: 5303: 5298: 5295: 5288: 5284: 5279: 5278: 5270: 5267: 5263: 5254: 5248: 5242: 5236: 5234: 5233: 5229: 5227: 5221: 5216: 5215: 5210: 5208: 5202: 5197: 5196: 5191: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5178: 5173: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5160: 5155: 5153: 5147: 5142: 5141: 5133: 5130: 5126: 5118: 5110: 5099: 5091: 5083: 5077: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5055: 5053: 5052: 5045: 5040: 5037: 5032: 5029: 5024: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5012: 5007: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4983: 4978: 4977: 4972: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4955: and 4954: 4948: 4943: 4942: 4934: 4931: 4926: 4916: 4902: 4894: 4890: 4883: 4877: 4871: 4865: 4863: 4862: 4854: 4849: 4848: 4839:, p. 25) 4838: 4832: 4829: 4822: 4818: 4813: 4812: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4794: 4793: 4788: 4784: 4778: 4769: 4763: 4761: 4757: 4749: 4741: 4730: 4728: 4727: 4719: 4714: 4710: 4705: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4693: 4684: 4680: 4675: 4672: 4666: 4662: 4657: 4656: 4647: 4643: 4638: 4635: 4629: 4625: 4620: 4619: 4614: 4612: 4608: 4602: 4597: 4596: 4588: 4585: 4581: 4575: 4569: 4561: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4534: 4533: 4526: 4521: 4520: 4516: 4514: 4511:According to 4508: 4503: 4502: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4483: 4475: 4468: 4462: 4456: 4454: 4453: 4445: 4440: 4439: 4431:, p. 26. 4430: 4425: 4422: 4419:, p. 25. 4418: 4413: 4411: 4407: 4401: 4398: 4394: 4388: 4387: 4378: 4373: 4372: 4364:, p. 26. 4363: 4358: 4355: 4352:, p. 25. 4351: 4346: 4344: 4340: 4334: 4330: 4324: 4323: 4315: 4312: 4304: 4298: 4288: 4280: 4276: 4269: 4263: 4257: 4255: 4250: 4248: 4244: 4236: 4225: 4220: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4212: 4200:, p. 50. 4199: 4195: 4190: 4187: 4181: 4179: 4175: 4170: 4169: 4161:, p. 50. 4160: 4156: 4151: 4148: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4131: 4130: 4122:, p. 25. 4121: 4116: 4113: 4107: 4105: 4101: 4096: 4095: 4087:, p. 25. 4086: 4081: 4078: 4072: 4068: 4063: 4059: 4054: 4053: 4044: 4040: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4009: 4008: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3996: 3990: 3989: 3988: 3987: 3978: 3973: 3970: 3966: 3965:Wadleigh 1957 3961: 3958: 3954: 3949: 3946: 3942: 3941: 3934: 3930: 3925: 3921: 3916: 3915: 3912:, p. 25 3911: 3908: 3904: 3899: 3895: 3890: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3855: 3854: 3850: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3834: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3811: 3807: 3802: 3801: 3797: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3775: 3771: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3755: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3732: 3728: 3723: 3722: 3719:, p. 25 3718: 3715: 3711: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3696: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3685: 3679: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3651: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3628: 3621: 3612: 3604: 3599: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3568: 3567:Sfn whitelist 3549: 3544:(which wraps 3541: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3523: 3509: 3505: 3499: 3493:: Check that 3492: 3488: 3480: 3479: 3473: 3464: 3454: 3448:|id= 3445: 3439: 3433: 3430: 3422: 3417: 3409: 3401: 3389: 3381: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3368: 3363: 3359: 3349: 3345: 3337: 3331:: check that 3330: 3326: 3322: 3313: 3305:: check that 3304: 3300: 3293: 3282:field and no 3277: 3274: 3270: 3267: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3229: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3203: 3197: 3195: 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