33:
352:, who had been debating Coloman's right to the throne following the death of King Ladislaus I, and conceded the territories in appanage to him. In 1105, Duke Álmos rebelled against his brother and sought for military assistance from the Holy Roman Empire and Poland, but his troops were defeated by the king shortly afterwards. In 1107, Duke Álmos made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and taking advantage of his absence, King Coloman occupied the territories of the Duchy.
337:
maintain his rule only in some western counties of the kingdom. Following his ascension to the throne, King Géza confirmed his brothers, Ladislaus and
Lampert in the possession of the Duchy. When Géza died on 25 April 1077, his partisans proclaimed Ladislaus king who could enforce King Solomon to accept his rule in 1081. During Ladislaus' reign, the Duchy may have governed by his brother, Duke Lampert, but it has not been proven, yet.
202:
336:
Following a nine-year-long period of cooperation, conflicts arose among the king and the dukes, and the latter could expand their power over the larger part of the kingdom and the king had to flee to the western borders. In 1074, the eldest duke, Géza was proclaimed king, while King
Solomon could
410:
following his coronation on 25 December 1162. When King
Ladislaus II died in three weeks (on 14 January 1163), Duke Stephen was proclaimed king (and, in some months, he was defeated by King Stephen III) and therefore the territories of his former duchy were incorporated into the royal domains
391:, who attacked Bohemia. In November, the emperor made a peace with Coloman, who let his brother come back to his court, but the duchy of Álmos and his ducal power was not to be restored. Shortly afterwards, Coloman set up the bishopric of Nitra in one of the seats of the Dcuatus.
157:. Therefore, Györffy continues, the crown prince's command over these ethnic groups transformed, in the course of the 10th century, into his authority over the territories where they settled. Tringli says that it is possible that
645:
Divisio Regni. The territorial divisions, power struggles, and dynastic historiography of the Árpáds of 11th- and early 12th-century
Hungary, with comparative studies of the Piasts of Poland and the Přemyslids of
215:
entrusted to the members of the ruling dynasty did not form a separate province within the kingdom, but they were organized around two or three centers. The duchy made up one-third of the kingdom's territory.
328:
provided military assistance to the three dukes thus they could return to the kingdom. However, the parties wanted to avoid the emerging civil war and therefore they made an agreement on 20 January 1064 in
165:'s territories (he bore the title of Duke of Russians) were duchies too in accordance with steppe tradition. On the other hand, Gyula Kristó, who rejected Györffy's theory, writes that the
301:. The birth of Solomon gave rise to conflicts between the two brothers that resulted in a civil war. The civil war stopped in 1060 when Béla defeated his brother and ascended the throne.
333:. Under the agreement, the three brothers, Dukes Géza, Ladislaus and Lampert accepted the rule of their cousin, King Solomon who conceded them their father's former duchy (the Ducatus).
860:
850:
250:). A third possible center of the territories was Krassó, a fortress destroyed later in the first half of the 13th century, located near to the present-day
855:
146:
355:
When Duke Álmos returned from the Holy Land and realised that his territories had been incorporated into the royal domains, he escaped to the court of
811:
792:
653:
505:
845:
54:
828:
773:
754:
733:
714:
693:
672:
317:
76:
149:
around 895, bestowed upon the heir to the supreme head of the
Hungarian tribal federation, in accordance with the customs of the
212:
113:
in the 11th-12th centuries. The symbol of the ducal power was a sword, while the royal power was represented by the crown.
321:
500:
Joseph A. Mikuš, Slovakia: a political and constitutional history : with documents, Academic Press, 1995, p. 12,
356:
325:
47:
41:
865:
875:
870:
58:
388:
316:
had to flee from the
Kingdom of Hungary, because their cousin, Solomon (who had already been crowned in 1057)
395:
162:
450:
434:
The list of the members of the Árpád dynasty who were dukes of the
Ducatus ("Tercia pars regni") follows:
403:
309:
481:
468:
407:
228:
179:
726:
The Árpáds and the
Comneni: Political Relations between Hungary and Byzantium in the 12th century
444:
438:
305:
290:
174:
130:
282:
170:
106:
823:
Chronica de Gestis
Hungarorum (Edited by Dezső Dercsényi) (1970). Corvina, Taplinger Publishing.
456:
380:
345:
313:
298:
186:
126:
110:
105:) is the denomination for territories occasionally governed separately by members (dukes) of the
98:
584:
István
Tringli, Központi hatalom és különkormányzat, In: Rubicon, Magyar Középkor, 2011/3, p. 12
824:
807:
788:
769:
750:
729:
710:
689:
668:
649:
501:
399:
281:
The practise of dynastical divisions of the kingdom's territories commenced in 1048 when King
266:
220:
190:
294:
154:
142:
372:
364:
243:
235:
462:
349:
150:
414:
During the 13-14th centuries, members of the royal dynasties received some provinces (
234:
in that time. The north-western parts of the territories were centered around Nyitra (
839:
743:
Makk, Ferenc (1994). "hercegség". In Kristó, Gyula; Engel, Pál; Makk, Ferenc (eds.).
125:
or territorial units administered by members of the royal family within the medieval
423:
17:
785:
Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204
201:
360:
158:
804:
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology, Volume 1
398:, who had been proclaimed king under the menaces of the Byzantine Emperor
193:. The dukes regarded the control of the duchy as a pathway to the throne.
419:
286:
251:
183:
which clearly states that this was the "first division of the kingdom".
145:. According to his opinion, this command was initially, even before the
330:
270:
231:
189:
argues that possession of the Duchy owes its roots to the tradition of
121:
Modern historians do not share a consensual view on the origins of the
255:
138:
200:
211:
The exact borders of the Duchy have not been determined yet. The
766:
Slovakia: A Political and Constitutional History with Documents
426:) of the kingdom in appanage and the was never re-established.
261:
The dukes' principal hunting-grounds lay in the "Holy Forest"
26:
219:
The eastern block of the counties were located around Bihar (
206:
Hungary in 1102 - Ducatus (Tercia pars regni) in darker blue
141:
and other ethnic groups which joined the federation of the
394:
The last revival of the Duchy occurred in 1162, when King
173:
granted one third of his kingdom to his younger brother,
621:
619:
617:
568:
566:
387:). However, King Coloman sought the assistance of Duke
592:
590:
648:. Arpadiana II., Research Centre for the Humanities.
553:
551:
549:
359:. Upon the duke's request, the Emperor laid siege to
285:
conceded one-third of the counties of his kingdom in
684:A XI. századi hercegség története Magyarországon
320:followed by the troops his brother-in-law, King
137:or "Duchy" developed from the command over the
749:(in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 261.
745:Korai magyar történeti lexikon (9–14. század)
8:
861:Historical regions in the Kingdom of Hungary
540:
406:, granted its territories to his brother,
297:, but later King Andrew I fathered a son,
147:Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
40:This article includes a list of general
572:
493:
324:provided him. Shortly afterwards, King
851:Transylvania in the Kingdom of Hungary
667:. Atlantic Research and Publications.
625:
596:
528:
348:made and agreement with his brother,
227:), a city that was also the see of a
7:
821:The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle:
703:Kristó, Gyula; Makk, Ferenc (1996).
609:The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle:
557:
516:
856:Slovakia in the Kingdom of Hungary
344:) revived in 1095–1096, when King
293:. At that time, Duke Béla was the
46:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
688:(in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó.
304:When Béla died in 1063, his sons
709:(in Hungarian). I.P.C. Könyvek.
31:
169:only came into being when King
161:'s domains in Transdanubia and
787:. Cambridge University Press.
1:
665:King Saint Stephen of Hungary
439:Béla the Champion / the Bison
846:Medieval Kingdom of Hungary
806:. Oxford University Press.
357:Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
892:
177:around 1048. He cites the
783:Stephenson, Paul (2000).
764:Mikuš, Joseph A. (1995).
402:against his nephew, King
663:Györffy, György (1994).
265:on the territory of the
705:Az Árpád-ház uralkodói
396:Ladislaus II of Hungary
273:) in the 11th century.
61:more precise citations.
802:Rogers, Cliff (2010).
682:Kristó, Gyula (1974).
389:Bolesław III of Poland
384:
376:
368:
247:
239:
224:
208:
102:
724:Makk, Ferenc (1989).
643:Bagi, Dániel (2020).
482:Principality of Nitra
326:Bolesław II of Poland
204:
180:Illuminated Chronicle
611:(ch. 60.88), p. 113.
103:dukátus or hercegség
728:. Akadémiai Kiadó.
342:"Tercia pars regni"
322:Henry IV of Germany
283:Andrew I of Hungary
171:Andrew I of Hungary
768:. Academic Press.
346:Coloman of Hungary
209:
127:Kingdom of Hungary
111:Kingdom of Hungary
866:Lists of nobility
813:978-0-19-533403-6
794:978-0-521-02756-4
655:978-963-416-206-3
506:978-80-967366-0-7
459:(1064- cca. 1095)
400:Manuel I Komnenos
267:Apuseni Mountains
87:
86:
79:
18:Tercia pars regni
16:(Redirected from
883:
876:Dukes of Hungary
871:Lists of royalty
817:
798:
779:
760:
739:
720:
699:
678:
659:
629:
623:
612:
606:
600:
594:
585:
582:
576:
570:
561:
555:
544:
538:
532:
526:
520:
514:
508:
498:
465:(1095/1096-1107)
295:heir presumptive
289:to his brother,
155:Eurasian steppes
143:Hungarian tribes
133:writes that the
82:
75:
71:
68:
62:
57:this article by
48:inline citations
35:
34:
27:
21:
891:
890:
886:
885:
884:
882:
881:
880:
836:
835:
834:
814:
801:
795:
782:
776:
763:
757:
742:
736:
723:
717:
702:
696:
681:
675:
662:
656:
642:
638:
633:
632:
624:
615:
607:
603:
595:
588:
583:
579:
571:
564:
556:
547:
541:Stephenson 2000
539:
535:
527:
523:
515:
511:
499:
495:
490:
478:
451:Saint Ladislaus
432:
279:
199:
187:Clifford Rogers
119:
83:
72:
66:
63:
53:Please help to
52:
36:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
889:
887:
879:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
838:
837:
833:
832:
818:
812:
799:
793:
780:
774:
761:
755:
740:
734:
721:
715:
700:
694:
679:
673:
660:
654:
639:
637:
634:
631:
630:
628:, p. 293.
613:
601:
586:
577:
562:
560:, p. 261.
545:
543:, p. 249.
533:
521:
509:
492:
491:
489:
486:
485:
484:
477:
474:
473:
472:
466:
460:
454:
448:
442:
431:
428:
278:
275:
229:Roman Catholic
198:
195:
151:Turkic peoples
131:György Györffy
118:
115:
85:
84:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
888:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
843:
841:
830:
829:0-8008-4015-1
826:
822:
819:
815:
809:
805:
800:
796:
790:
786:
781:
777:
775:80-967366-0-4
771:
767:
762:
758:
756:963-05-6722-9
752:
748:
746:
741:
737:
735:963-05-5268-X
731:
727:
722:
718:
716:963-7930-97-3
712:
708:
706:
701:
697:
695:963-05-0398-0
691:
687:
685:
680:
676:
674:0-88033-300-6
670:
666:
661:
657:
651:
647:
641:
640:
635:
627:
622:
620:
618:
614:
610:
605:
602:
599:, p. 58.
598:
593:
591:
587:
581:
578:
575:, p. 49.
574:
569:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
550:
546:
542:
537:
534:
531:, p. 12.
530:
525:
522:
519:, p. 15.
518:
513:
510:
507:
503:
497:
494:
487:
483:
480:
479:
475:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
436:
435:
429:
427:
425:
421:
417:
412:
409:
405:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
340:The Ducatus (
338:
334:
332:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
276:
274:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
230:
226:
222:
217:
214:
207:
203:
196:
194:
192:
188:
184:
182:
181:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
116:
114:
112:
108:
107:Árpád dynasty
104:
100:
96:
92:
81:
78:
70:
60:
56:
50:
49:
43:
38:
29:
28:
19:
820:
803:
784:
765:
747:
744:
725:
707:
704:
686:
683:
664:
644:
608:
604:
580:
573:Györffy 1994
536:
524:
512:
496:
433:
424:Transylvania
415:
413:
411:definitely.
393:
354:
341:
339:
335:
303:
280:
262:
260:
218:
210:
205:
185:
178:
166:
163:Saint Emeric
134:
122:
120:
94:
90:
88:
73:
64:
45:
626:Rogers 2010
597:Kristó 1974
471:(1162–1163)
453:(1064–1077)
447:(1064–1074)
441:(1048–1060)
404:Stephen III
197:Territories
109:within the
59:introducing
840:Categories
529:Mikuš 1995
369:Bratislava
269:(today in
191:senioratus
67:March 2013
42:references
558:Makk 1994
517:Makk 1989
381:Hungarian
377:Pressburg
310:Ladislaus
99:Hungarian
476:See also
420:Slavonia
361:Posonium
318:returned
287:appanage
263:(Igyfon)
252:Dupljaja
221:Romanian
213:counties
646:Bohemia
636:Sources
488:Sources
469:Stephen
457:Lampert
408:Stephen
385:Pozsony
314:Lampert
299:Solomon
277:History
271:Romania
232:diocese
225:Biharea
159:Koppány
153:of the
135:Ducatus
117:Origins
95:Ducatus
55:improve
827:
810:
791:
772:
753:
732:
713:
692:
671:
652:
504:
373:German
365:Slovak
256:Serbia
244:Slovak
240:Neutra
236:German
139:Kabars
44:, but
463:Álmos
430:Dukes
350:Álmos
248:Nitra
167:Duchy
123:Duchy
91:Duchy
825:ISBN
808:ISBN
789:ISBN
770:ISBN
751:ISBN
730:ISBN
711:ISBN
690:ISBN
669:ISBN
650:ISBN
502:ISBN
445:Géza
416:e.g.
331:Győr
312:and
306:Géza
291:Béla
175:Béla
89:The
254:in
93:or
842::
616:^
589:^
565:^
548:^
422:,
418:,
383::
379:,
375::
371:,
367::
308:,
258:.
246::
242:,
238::
223::
129:.
101::
831:.
816:.
797:.
778:.
759:.
738:.
719:.
698:.
677:.
658:.
363:(
97:(
80:)
74:(
69:)
65:(
51:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
