676:
China, Colombia, Comoros, Cook
Islands, Costa Rica, CĂŽte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece (in Ionian sea), Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Syria, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey (in Black sea and Mediterranean), Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania, United States of America, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen.
848:: Albania, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brunei, Cameroon, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, CĂŽte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Fiji, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Libya, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malaysia, Mauritius, Micronesia, Monaco, Montenegro, Nigeria, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Peru, the Philippines, SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe, Singapore, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Suriname, Sweden, Togo, Tonga, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Tanzania
372:(EEZ) extends from the baseline to at most 200 nautical miles (370.4 km; 230.2 mi) and therefore includes the contiguous zone. A coastal nation has control of all economic resources inside its exclusive economic zone, including fishing, mining, oil exploration, and pollution of those resources. However, it cannot prohibit passage or loitering above, on, or under the surface of the sea that complies with the laws and regulations adopted by the coastal state in accordance with the provisions of the UN Convention, within that portion of its exclusive economic zone beyond its territorial sea.
861:
Honduras, India, Iran, Jamaica, Japan, Liberia, Madagascar, Maldives, Malta, Marshall
Islands, Mauritania, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Syria, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Tuvalu, United Arab Emirates, United States of America, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen
754:
271:
2230:
440:
the Limits of the
Continental Shelf. The Commission then validates or makes recommendations on the scientific basis for the extended continental shelf claim. The scientific judgement of the Commission shall be final and binding. Validated extended continental shelf claims overlapping any demarcation between two or more parties are decided by bilateral or multilateral negotiation, not by the commission.
232:
mouth as to contain land-locked waters and constitute more than a mere curvature of the coast. An indentation is not, however, regarded as a bay unless its area is as large as, or larger than, that of the semi-circle whose diameter is a line drawn across the mouth of that indentation". The baseline across the bay must also be no more than 24 nautical miles (44 kilometres; 28 statute miles) in length.
620:(1956-1958) or UNCLOS II (1960) conferences, with neither the two major contenders of a 3-mile or 12-mile limit reaching the required two-thirds support. This lack of agreement had the potential to lead to serious international disputes. It was only at the UNCLOS III (1973-1982) conference, whose provisions did not come into force until 1994, that this issue was resolved at twelve nautical miles.
36:
1887:
142:
702:
territorial sea of Saibai. The territorial seas of the islands known as Anchor Cay, Aubusi Island, Black Rocks, Boigu Island, Bramble Cay, Dauan Island, Deliverance Island, East Cay, Kaumag Island, Kerr Islet, Moimi Island, Pearce Cay, Saibai Island, Urnagain Island and Turu Cay do not extend beyond 3 nautical miles from the baselines.
568:
to as much as fifty nautical miles (93 km) or even two hundred nautical miles (370 km). Since the late 20th century the "12 mile limit" has become almost universally accepted. The United
Kingdom extended its territorial waters from three to twelve nautical miles (5.6 to 22.2 km) in 1987.
675:
12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi): Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Brazil, Brunei, Bouvet Island, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, People's Republic of China, Republic of
412:
but at least 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi) from the baselines of the territorial sea if the continental margin does not stretch that far. Coastal states can explore and exploit the seabed and the natural resources on or beneath it. However, other states may lay cables and pipelines if
567:
claimed two nautical miles (3.7 km), Norway and Sweden claimed four nautical miles (7.4 km), and Spain claimed six nautical miles (11 km) during this period. During incidents such as nuclear weapons testing and fisheries disputes some nations arbitrarily extended their maritime claims
353:
The zone is typically 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) wide. However, it can be wider when a state claims a territorial sea of less than 12 nautical miles, or narrower if it would otherwise overlap with another state's contiguous zone. Unlike the territorial sea, there is no standard rule
316:
A state's territorial sea extends up to 12 nmi (22 km; 14 mi) from its baseline. If this overlaps with another state's territorial sea, the border is taken as the median point between the states' baselines, unless the states agree otherwise. A state can also choose to claim a smaller
860:
24 nautical miles (44.4 km; 27.6 mi): Algeria, Angola, Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, People's Republic of China, Cuba, Cyprus, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Egypt, France, Gabon, Ghana, Haiti,
715:
of the territorial sea does not apply to the Faroe
Islands (the act applies to the Faroe Islands from 1 June 2002) and Greenland but may become effective by Royal Decree for those parts of the Kingdom of Denmark with the amendments dictated by the special conditions prevailing in the Faroe Islands
439:
The portion of the continental shelf beyond the 200 nautical mile limit is also known as the "extended continental shelf". Countries wishing to delimit their outer continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles have to submit scientific information for the basis of their claim to the UN Commission on
586:
issued two proclamations that established government control of natural resources in areas adjacent to the coastline. One of these proclamation was titled "Policy of the United States With
Respect to the Natural Resources of the Subsoil and Sea Bed of the Continental Shelf", and stipulated in its
639:
Thus a coastal nation has total control over its internal waters, slightly less control over territorial waters, and ostensibly even less control over waters within the contiguous zones. However, it has total control of economic resources within its exclusive economic zone as well as those on or
443:
Countries have ten years after ratifying UNCLOS to lodge their submissions to extend their continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, or by 13 May 2009 for countries where the convention was ratified before 13 May 1999. As of 1 June 2009, 51 submissions have been lodged with the commission, of
231:
Straight baselines can alternatively be defined connecting fringing islands along a coast, across the mouths of rivers, or with certain restrictions across the mouths of bays. In this case, a bay is defined as "a well-marked indentation whose penetration is in such proportion to the width of its
765:
Peru: The 200 nautical miles (370.4 km; 230.2 mi) territorial sea is called "Maritime
Dominion" in article 54 of the 1993 Constitution: "... In its maritime dominion, Peru exercises sovereignty and jurisdiction, without prejudice to the freedoms of international communication, in
349:
The contiguous zone is a band of water extending farther from the outer edge of the territorial sea to up to 24 nautical miles (44.4 km; 27.6 mi) from the baseline. Inside, a state can exercise limited control to prevent or punish "infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration or
444:
which eight have been deliberated by the commission and have had recommendations issued. The eight are (in the order of date of submission): Russian
Federation; Brazil; Australia; Ireland; New Zealand; the joint submission by France, Ireland, Spain and the United Kingdom; Norway and Mexico.
701:
Australia: A treaty with Papua New Guinea defines the territorial sea boundaries between the islands of Aubusi, Boigu and Moimi and Papua New Guinea on the one hand and the islands of Dauan, Kaumag and Saibai and Papua New Guinea on the other hand, as well as a section of the border of the
600:
the Government of the United States regards it as proper to establish conservation zones in those areas of the high seas contiguous to the coasts of the United States wherein fishing activities have been or in the future may be developed and maintained on a substantial scale.
455:
A coastal nation has control of all resources on or under its continental shelf, living or not, but no control over any living organisms above the shelf that are beyond its exclusive economic zone. This gives it the right to conduct hydrocarbon exploration and drilling works.
213:
recognizes. This is either the low-water mark closest to the shore or an unlimited distance from permanently exposed land, provided that some portion of elevations exposed at low tide but covered at high tide (such as mud flats) is within 3 nautical miles (5.6 kilometres;
591:
the Government of the United States regards the natural resources of the subsoil and sea bed of the continental shelf beneath the high seas but contiguous to the coasts of the United States as appertaining to the United States, subject to its jurisdiction and control.
631:
broadcasting from artificial marine fixtures or anchored ships can be controlled by the affected coastal nation or other nations wherever that broadcast may originate, whether in the territorial sea, exclusive economic zone, the continental shelf or even on the
261:
or the Philippines, are also internal waters, but the state must allow innocent passage through them. However, archipelagic states can limit innocent passage to designated sea lanes within these waters. Each island in the archipelago can have its own baseline.
1175:
DLM means that "the national legislation establishes the limits of a given zone only by reference to the delimitation of maritime boundaries with adjacent or opposite States, or to a median (equidistant) line in the absence of a maritime boundary delimitation
876:
As of 13 May 2009, 51 submissions by 44 countries have been lodged for claims over their extended continental shelf. Some countries have multiple submissions and joint submissions with other countries. Recommendations have been given for 8 of the submissions.
413:
authorized by the coastal state. The outer limit of a country's continental shelf cannot stretch beyond 350 nautical miles (650 km; 400 mi) of the baseline or beyond 100 nautical miles (190 km; 120 mi) from the 2,500 metres (8,200 ft)
1423:
1999:"Submissions, through the Secretary-General of the United Nations, to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, pursuant to article 76, paragraph 8, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982"
424:*a series of lines joining points not more than 60 nautical miles (110 km; 69 mi) apart where the thickness of sedimentary rocks is at least 1% of the height of the continental shelf above the foot of the continental slope; or
320:
Conflicts have occurred when a coastal nation claims an entire gulf as its territorial waters while other nations only recognize the more restrictive definitions of the UNCLOS. Claims that draw the baseline at more than 24
1927:
716:
and Greenland. As far as Greenland is concerned, the outer limit of the external territorial waters may be measured at a distance shorter than 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) from the baselines.
948:
Canada - Canada's Extended Continental Shelf Program (2003 - ongoing) to include Atlantic and Arctic Ocean as part of shelf the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) including the North
726:, there is a strip of international waters regardless of the 12 nmi limit: the outer limit of the territorial sea shall at no place be closer to the midline than 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi).
1446:
375:
Before the convention, coastal nations arbitrarily extended their territorial waters to attempt to control activities that are now regulated by the exclusive economic zone, such as offshore
643:
Throughout this article, distances measured in nautical miles are exact legal definitions, while those in kilometres are approximate conversions that are not stated in any law or treaty.
743:
Japan: 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) limit applies to the Soya Strait, the Tsugaru Strait, the eastern and western channels of the Korea Strait and the Osumi Straits only.
2034:
1546:
246:
Internal waters are landward of the baseline. The coastal state has sovereignty over internal waters, enforce domestic law on vessels in internal waters, including to prohibit
605:
Following the US presidential proclamation, the issue of legally determining territorial waters by international agreement was raised, and in its first session in 1949, the
867:
50 nautical miles (92.6 km; 57.5 mi): Democratic People's Republic of Korea; 50 nautical miles Military Boundary Zone. Army Command Announcement of 1 August 1977.
596:
The second proclamation was titled "Policy of the United States With Respect to Coastal Fisheries in Certain Areas of the High Seas", and stated in its operative clause:
2045:
1912:
1533:
617:
572:
184:
664:
Maritime controversies involve two dimensions: (a) territorial sovereignty, which are a legacy of history; and (b) relevant jurisdictional rights and interests in
329:
where Libya drew a line in excess of 230 nmi (430 km; 260 mi) and claimed the entire enclosed gulf as its territorial waters. The US exercised
816:
812:
293:(usually the mean low-water mark) of a coastal state. The territorial sea is sovereign territory, although foreign ships (military and civilian) are allowed
354:
for resolving such conflicts and states must negotiate a compromise. The US invoked a contiguous zone out to 24 nmi from the baseline on 29 September 1999.
1155:
772:
Turkey: 6 nautical miles (11.1 km; 6.9 mi) in the Aegean Sea, 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) in the Black and Mediterranean Seas.
1723:
427:*a series of lines joining points not more than 60 nautical miles apart that is not more than 60 nautical miles from the foot of the continental margin.
1636:
2250:
2193:
722:
Finland: Extends, with certain exceptions, to 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi), unless defined by geographical coordinates. In the
1835:
1019:
Joint submission by the Federated States of Micronesia, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands â concerning the Ontong Java Plateau (5 May 2009)
646:
Federal nations, such as the United States, divide control over certain waters between the federal government and the individual states. (See
578:
Claims by legislation to the adjacent continental shelf and fishing was first made by the United States government immediately following the
1554:
2148:
775:
United Kingdom and British Crown: The limit remains at 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) in some of its overseas territories:
53:
961:
Joint submission by the Republic of Mauritius and the Republic of Seychelles â in the region of the Mascarene Plateau (1 December 2008)
2031:
119:
2176:
1624:
1150:
100:
685:
15 nautical miles (27.78 km; 17.26 mi): Azerbaijan, Iran (Caspian Sea), Kazakhstan, Russia (Caspian Sea), Turkmenistan
72:
1973:
1025:
Joint submission by France and South Africa â in the area of the Crozet Archipelago and the Prince Edward Islands (6 May 2009)
1314:
776:
575:
in 1930, the issue of establishing international legislation on territorial waters was raised, but no agreement was reached.
310:
57:
2042:
733:
Greece: 10 nautical miles (18.5 km; 11.5 mi) limit applies for the purpose of regulating civil aviation (See also
2113:
791:; the limit is now at 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) in the United Kingdom and its overseas territories of
1888:"THE BAILIWICK OF GUERNSEY'S TERRITORIAL WATERS HAVE BEEN EXTENDED FROM 3 TO 12 NAUTICAL MILES WITH EFFECT FROM 23rd JULY"
1776:
338:
334:
79:
2220:
2019:
2270:
659:
606:
2162:
1351:
1058:
United Kingdom â in respect of the Falkland Islands, and of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (11 May 2009)
885:
List with date of submission and adoption of recommendation by the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf.
86:
46:
191:. States cannot exercise their jurisdiction in waters beyond the exclusive economic zone, which are known as the
2213:
820:
740:
India: 13 nautical miles (24.1 km; 15.0 mi) limit includes Andaman, Nicobar Lakshadweep and SriLanka.
68:
2126:
769:
The Philippines claims a rectangle, defined by coordinates; the total claim extends beyond 12 nautical miles.
2260:
1509:
1398:
1377:
1330:
1105:
708:
Cameroon: See article 45 of Law 96-06 of 18 January 1996 on the revision of the Constitution of 2 June 1972.
431:
The foot of the continental slope is determined as the point of maximum change in the gradient at its base.
376:
369:
363:
278:
169:
133:
1682:
Jordanian 12 NM, Flanders Marine Institute (2019). Maritime Boundaries Geodatabase: Territorial Seas (12NM)
2265:
1242:
800:
1004:
Iceland â in the Ăgir Basin area and in the western and southern parts of Reykjanes Ridge (29 April 2009)
1110:
1100:
753:
712:
330:
2088:
1016:
South Africa â in respect of the mainland of the territory of the Republic of South Africa (5 May 2009)
270:
209:
Normally, the baseline is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts that the
2255:
2041:
Minister for Resources and Energy, The Hon Martin Ferguson AM MP, Media Release, 21 April 2008. With
1839:
1125:
192:
2116:, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Updated 20 January 2009. Retrieved 29 May 2009.
1203:
Revised exposé des motifs of the Paris convention as amended by the protocols of 1964, 1982 and 2004
1022:
Joint submission by Malaysia and Viet Nam â in the southern part of the South China Sea (6 May 2009)
1998:
1115:
905:
France â in respect of the areas of French Guiana and New Caledonia (22 May 2007, 2 September 2009)
893:(submission: 9 May 2008; recommendation: 15 April 2010) (application to extend beyond 200NM failed)
1947:
1681:
1284:
1145:
1130:
409:
274:
254:
93:
1861:
1741:
1424:"The Seizure and Recovery of the S.S. Mayaguez: Legal Analysis of United States Claims, Part 1"
1906:
1438:
1310:
1140:
665:
395:
386:
The EEZ is still popularly, but incorrectly, regarded as coastal nation's territorial waters.
616:
The important issue of the breadth of territorial waters could not be resolved at either the
563:
shot, hence the portion of an ocean that a sovereign state could defend from shore. However,
2275:
1939:
1274:
890:
808:
672:
6 nautical miles (11.1 km; 6.9 mi): Greece (in Aegean sea), Turkey (in Aegean sea)
579:
556:
294:
247:
1604:
730:, a remote island, has only 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) territorial waters.
551:
From the eighteenth century until the mid twentieth century, the territorial waters of the
2049:
2038:
1201:
1120:
1043:
France â in respect of La RĂ©union Island and Saint-Paul and Amsterdam Islands (8 May 2009)
723:
583:
298:
241:
157:
1576:
705:
Belize: 3 nautical miles limit applies from the mouth of Sarstoon River to Ranguana Caye.
420:
The outer edge of the continental margin for the purposes of this article is defined as:
1696:
1095:
1090:
986:
923:
857:
18 nautical miles (33.3 km; 20.7 mi): Bangladesh, Gambia, Saudi Arabia, Sudan
804:
734:
610:
552:
290:
204:
183:
Vessels have different rights and duties when passing through each area defined by the
1814:
1217:
325:(two 12 nm limits) are judged excessive by the US. Two conflicts occurred in the
309:
over and seabed below. In international law, adjustment of these boundaries is called
2244:
2234:
1951:
1288:
1135:
691:
200 nautical miles (370.4 km; 230.2 mi): Benin, El Salvador, Peru, Somalia.
326:
322:
210:
180:). In a narrower sense, the term is often used as a synonym for the territorial sea.
2062:
1625:
Accession of Ecuador to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
1262:
932:
Norway â in the North East Atlantic and the Arctic (27 November 2006, 27 March 2009)
2229:
2001:. United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. 30 October 2009
746:
New Zealand: 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) limit includes Tokelau.
628:
153:
2032:
UN confirms Australiaâs rights over extra 2.5 million square kilometres of seabed.
916:â in the area of the Celtic Sea and the Bay of Biscay (19 May 2006, 24 March 2009)
405:
Article 76 of the UN convention defines "continental shelf" of coastal countries.
17:
1815:"Laki Suomen aluevesien rajoista 463/1956 - Ajantasainen lainsÀÀdÀntö - FINLEX Ÿ"
1709:
1657:
1590:
952:
France â areas of the French Antilles and the Kerguelen Islands (5 February 2009)
2129:. United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. 8 April 2009
1804:
Act amending the Act on the Limits of the Territorial Waters of Finland (981/95)
824:
35:
749:
Papua New Guinea: 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) in certain areas.
1943:
784:
727:
414:
1442:
1355:
452:
Articles 77 to 81 define the rights of a country over its continental shelf.
289:
waters extending at most 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) from the
1279:
780:
647:
633:
258:
1530:
668:, which are mainly due to differing interpretations of the law of the sea.
1532:"Maritime Jurisdiction in the Three China Seas" (abstract), UC Berkeley:
832:
792:
788:
380:
306:
188:
766:
accordance with the law and the treaties ratified by the State ..."
350:
sanitary laws and regulations within its territory or territorial sea".
1755:
796:
564:
417:, which is a line connecting the depths of the seabed at 2,500 meters.
27:
Coastal waters that are part of a sovereign state's sovereign territory
719:
Estonia: In some parts of the Gulf of Finland, defined by coordinates.
141:
828:
560:
302:
1013:
Norway â in respect of BouvetĂžya and Dronning Maud Land (4 May 2009)
132:"Maritime zone" redirects here. For a military exclusion zone, see
992:
The Cook Islands â concerning the Manihiki Plateau (16 April 2009)
976:
United Kingdom â in respect of Hatton Rockall Area (31 March 2009)
973:
Yemen â in respect of south east of Socotra Island (20 March 2009)
752:
286:
269:
140:
1510:"PREAMBLE TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA"
1399:"PREAMBLE TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA"
1378:"PREAMBLE TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA"
463:
1197:
1040:
Seychelles â concerning the Northern Plateau Region (7 May 2009)
1007:
Denmark â in the area north of the Faroe Islands (29 April 2009)
899:
Barbados (submission: 8 May 2008; recommendation: 15 April 2010)
757:
1974:"Would North Korea Shoot Down a US B-1B Bomber? Yes. Could It?"
1352:"New Action to Protect & Preserve U.S. Shores & Oceans"
682:
13 nautical miles (24.08 km; 14.96 mi): Italy-Tunisia
944:
List in order of date of submission, with date of submission.
29:
1034:
Vietnam â in North Area (of the South China Sea) (7 May 2009)
919:
Ireland â Porcupine Abyssal Plain (25 May 2005, 5 April 2007)
408:
A state's continental shelf extends to the outer edge of the
1862:"LIMITS IN THE SEAS NO. 32 STRAIGHT BASELINES : TURKEY"
152:
are informally an area of water where a sovereign state has
979:
Ireland â in respect of Hatton-Rockall Area (31 March 2009)
1605:"Lov om afgrĂŠnsning af sĂžterritoriet â retsinformation.dk"
1031:
Mauritius â in the region of Rodrigues Island (6 May 2009)
1710:"Lov om Norges territorialfarvann og tilstÞtende sone §2"
1658:"41/1979: Lög um landhelgi, efnahagslögsögu og landgrunn"
1591:"Lov om Norges territorialfarvann og tilstÞtende sone §7"
854:
15 nautical miles (27.8 km; 17.3 mi): Venezuela
253:"Archipelagic waters" within the outermost islands of an
250:. Lakes, rivers and bays are considered internal waters.
555:, the United States, France and many other nations were
176:(these components are sometimes collectively called the
1309:(2 ed.). Manchester: Manchester University Press.
1064:
Spain â in respect of the area of Galicia (11 May 2009)
955:
Indonesia â North west of Sumatra Island (16 June 2008)
851:
14 nautical miles (25.9 km; 16.1 mi): Finland
2218:
2194:
A Peek Inside the U.N.'s Continental Shelf Commission
1547:"ÎÎčÎłÎčαλίÏÎčΎα ζÏΜη â Casus belli - ÎÎčÎŽÎčÎșÏÏΔÏα ÎșÎ”ÎŻÎŒÎ”ÎœÎ±"
864:
30 nautical miles (55.6 km; 34.5 mi): Italy
688:
30 nautical miles (55.6 km; 34.5 mi): Togo.
465:
Territorial waters claims by coastal states in 1960
1993:
1991:
1928:"The 50-Mile Military Boundary Zone of North Korea"
1756:"Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea"
1300:
1298:
1263:"Coastal State's Jurisdiction over Foreign Vessels"
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1471:Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1949
922:Mexico â in respect of the western polygon in the
2020:Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf
1417:
1415:
1331:"UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA"
2022:Summary of recommendations re: Ascension Island
1534:UC Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation
185:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
173:
2163:"Continental Shelf - Submission by the Canada"
145:Schematic map of maritime zones (aerial view).
2149:"Canada's Extended Continental Shelf Program"
823:, as well as in the Crown Dependencies (i.e.
8:
1771:
1769:
817:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
813:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
711:Denmark: Act No. 200 of 7 April 1999 on the
281:of some Southeast Asia and Pacific countries
228:statute miles) of permanently exposed land.
1911:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1156:Territorial disputes in the South China Sea
929:New Zealand (19 April 2006, 22 August 2008)
2063:"Ireland extends its underwater territory"
1777:"Table of claims to maritime jurisdiction"
1692:
1690:
896:Australia (15 November 2004, 9 April 2008)
1886:PO Box 23, St Peter Port (30 July 2019).
1867:. U.S. Department of State. 25 March 1971
1278:
760:claims territorial waters out to 200 nmi.
573:League of Nations Codification Conference
559:. Originally, this was the distance of a
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1218:"Territorial waters | international law"
2225:
2089:"Ireland can extend territorial waters"
1836:"DoD Issuances Website: 404 Error Page"
1189:
1168:
935:Russia (20 December 2001, 27 June 2002)
305:; this sovereignty also extends to the
2114:UN confirms NZâs extended seabed claim
1904:
1422:Major Thomas E. Behuniak (Fall 1978).
1305:Churchill, R. R.; Lowe, A. V. (1988).
1932:American Journal of International Law
582:. On 28 September 1945, US President
7:
1577:"Turkey Maritime claims - Geography"
165:
161:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2214:UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
1699:, Liberia Government, January 2013.
1437:. Department of the Army: 114â121.
187:(UNCLOS), one of the most ratified
1972:Panda, Ankit (26 September 2017).
902:Brazil (17 May 2004, 4 April 2007)
557:three nautical miles (5.6 km) wide
25:
1070:Trinidad and Tobago (12 May 2009)
926:(13 December 2007, 31 March 2009)
872:Extended continental shelf claims
613:added the subject to its agenda.
448:Rights over the continental shelf
2228:
1151:Territorial claims in the Arctic
881:Submissions with recommendations
679:12 nautical miles/DLM: Slovenia.
34:
1926:Park, Choon-ho (October 1978).
1244:Law of the Sea: A Policy Primer
45:needs additional citations for
2251:Types of geographical division
2177:"Continental shelf of Somalia"
777:British Indian Ocean Territory
1:
1536:; retrieved 15 November 2010.
1267:Pace International Law Review
640:under its continental shelf.
285:Territorial sea is a belt of
1742:"Legge 3 giugno 1978 n. 347"
1499:, September 30, 1945, p. 486
1497:Department of State Bulletin
1486:, September 30, 1945, p. 485
1484:Department of State Bulletin
660:List of territorial disputes
607:International Law Commission
2127:"Submission by New Zealand"
2292:
1892:www.guernseylawofficers.gg
1049:CĂŽte d'Ivoire (8 May 2009)
967:Myanmar (16 December 2008)
964:Suriname (5 December 2008)
657:
435:Extended continental shelf
393:
361:
239:
202:
174:extended continental shelf
131:
1944:10.1017/S0002930000142095
998:Argentina (21 April 2009)
341:Gulf of Sidra incidents.
333:rights, resulting in the
1684:, Retrieved 26 July 2023
1079:Angola (6 December 2013)
1010:Pakistan (30 April 2009)
958:Japan (12 November 2008)
821:Turks and Caicos Islands
2037:25 October 2009 at the
1280:10.58948/2331-3536.1188
1222:Encyclopedia Britannica
1106:Exclusive economic zone
970:Somalia (17 April 2009)
831:, and the Bailiwick of
379:or fishing rights (see
370:exclusive economic zone
364:Exclusive economic zone
358:Exclusive economic zone
279:Exclusive economic zone
170:exclusive economic zone
134:Maritime Exclusion Zone
2192:Gronewold, Nathanial.
1697:Executive order no. 48
1055:Portugal (11 May 2009)
1052:Sri Lanka (8 May 2009)
982:Uruguay (7 April 2009)
910:France, Ireland, Spain
840:Contiguous zone claims
801:British Virgin Islands
761:
603:
594:
282:
172:, and potentially the
146:
1529:Ji, Guoxing. (1995).
1261:Bardin, Anne (2002).
1111:Freedom of navigation
1101:Boundary delimitation
1073:Namibia (12 May 2009)
1001:Ghana (28 April 2009)
989:region (8 April 2009)
985:Philippines â in the
827:and the Bailiwick of
756:
654:Territorial sea claim
598:
589:
331:freedom of navigation
311:maritime delimitation
273:
144:
2200:, 14 September 2009.
1842:on 20 September 2012
1724:"Fishing - Title 27"
1126:International waters
1037:Nigeria (7 May 2009)
995:Fiji (20 April 2009)
908:Joint submission by
69:"Territorial waters"
54:improve this article
2271:Maritime boundaries
2048:14 May 2009 at the
1760:President of Russia
1452:on 28 December 2016
1431:Military Law Review
1116:Freedom of the seas
1067:India (11 May 2009)
1061:Tonga (11 May 2009)
666:maritime boundaries
466:
1557:on 25 October 2011
1307:The Law of the Sea
1146:Ocean colonization
1131:Intra fauces terra
1076:Cuba (1 June 2009)
1046:Palau (8 May 2009)
1028:Kenya (6 May 2009)
762:
587:operative clause:
534:More than 12-miles
464:
410:continental margin
283:
275:Maritime territory
255:archipelagic state
150:Territorial waters
147:
18:Territorial Waters
2069:. 23 October 2007
1141:Maritime boundary
940:Other submissions
889:United Kingdom â
549:
548:
473:Number of states
396:Continental shelf
390:Continental shelf
317:territorial sea.
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2283:
2233:
2232:
2224:
2201:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2059:
2053:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1866:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1838:. Archived from
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1781:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1685:
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1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1633:
1627:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1553:. Archived from
1543:
1537:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1506:
1500:
1493:
1487:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1451:
1445:. Archived from
1428:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1358:on 12 April 2016
1354:. Archived from
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1282:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1194:
1177:
1173:
891:Ascension Island
809:Falkland Islands
580:Second World War
467:
295:innocent passage
248:innocent passage
227:
226:
222:
219:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2227:
2219:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2191:
2187:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2093:The Irish Times
2087:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2050:Wayback Machine
2039:Wayback Machine
2030:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1903:
1896:
1894:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1845:
1843:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1789:
1787:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1695:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1494:
1490:
1481:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1206:. pp. 5â6.
1196:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1121:Internal waters
1086:
942:
883:
874:
842:
724:Gulf of Finland
698:
662:
656:
626:
584:Harry S. Truman
462:
450:
437:
403:
398:
392:
377:oil exploration
366:
360:
347:
345:Contiguous zone
299:transit passage
297:through it, or
268:
266:Territorial sea
244:
242:Internal waters
238:
236:Internal waters
224:
220:
217:
215:
207:
201:
166:contiguous zone
162:territorial sea
158:internal waters
137:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2289:
2287:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2261:Law of the sea
2258:
2253:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2217:
2216:
2209:
2208:External links
2206:
2203:
2202:
2198:New York Times
2185:
2168:
2154:
2140:
2118:
2106:
2095:. 7 April 2007
2080:
2054:
2024:
2012:
1987:
1976:. The Diplomat
1964:
1938:(4): 866â875.
1918:
1878:
1853:
1827:
1806:
1797:
1786:. 15 July 2011
1765:
1747:
1733:
1728:www.paclii.org
1715:
1701:
1686:
1674:
1649:
1628:
1617:
1596:
1582:
1568:
1538:
1522:
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1488:
1475:
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1322:
1315:
1294:
1253:
1234:
1209:
1188:
1187:
1185:
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1178:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1096:Baseline (sea)
1093:
1091:Aegean dispute
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:Benham Plateau
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
941:
938:
937:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:Gulf of Mexico
920:
917:
914:United Kingdom
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
882:
879:
873:
870:
869:
868:
865:
862:
858:
855:
852:
849:
841:
838:
837:
836:
805:Cayman Islands
773:
770:
767:
751:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:Aegean dispute
731:
720:
717:
709:
706:
703:
697:
694:
693:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
673:
658:Main article:
655:
652:
625:
622:
611:United Nations
553:British Empire
547:
546:
543:
539:
538:
535:
531:
530:
527:
523:
522:
519:
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491:
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475:
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461:
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446:
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429:
428:
425:
402:
399:
394:Main article:
391:
388:
362:Main article:
359:
356:
346:
343:
323:nautical miles
267:
264:
240:Main article:
237:
234:
205:Baseline (sea)
203:Main article:
200:
197:
178:maritime zones
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2288:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2266:Fisheries law
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2107:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2013:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1975:
1968:
1965:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1879:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1785:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1621:
1618:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1523:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1464:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1254:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1235:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1183:
1172:
1169:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1136:Littoral zone
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
947:
946:
945:
939:
934:
931:
928:
925:
921:
918:
915:
911:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
888:
887:
886:
880:
878:
871:
866:
863:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
843:
839:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
771:
768:
764:
763:
759:
755:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
732:
729:
725:
721:
718:
714:
710:
707:
704:
700:
699:
696:Special cases
695:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
674:
671:
670:
669:
667:
661:
653:
651:
649:
644:
641:
637:
635:
630:
624:Miscellaneous
623:
621:
619:
614:
612:
608:
602:
597:
593:
588:
585:
581:
576:
574:
569:
566:
562:
558:
554:
544:
541:
540:
536:
533:
532:
528:
526:12-mile limit
525:
524:
520:
518:10-mile limit
517:
516:
512:
509:
508:
504:
501:
500:
496:
493:
492:
488:
485:
484:
480:
477:
476:
472:
470:Breadth claim
469:
468:
459:
457:
453:
447:
445:
441:
434:
432:
426:
423:
422:
421:
418:
416:
411:
406:
400:
397:
389:
387:
384:
382:
378:
373:
371:
365:
357:
355:
351:
344:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:Gulf of Sidra
324:
318:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
280:
276:
272:
265:
263:
260:
256:
251:
249:
243:
235:
233:
229:
212:
211:coastal state
206:
198:
196:
194:
190:
186:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
143:
139:
135:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: â
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2197:
2188:
2171:
2157:
2143:
2131:. Retrieved
2121:
2109:
2097:. Retrieved
2092:
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2066:
2057:
2027:
2015:
2003:. Retrieved
1978:. Retrieved
1967:
1955:. Retrieved
1935:
1931:
1921:
1895:. Retrieved
1891:
1881:
1869:. Retrieved
1856:
1844:. Retrieved
1840:the original
1830:
1818:. Retrieved
1809:
1800:
1788:. Retrieved
1783:
1759:
1750:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1704:
1677:
1665:. Retrieved
1661:
1652:
1640:. Retrieved
1631:
1620:
1608:. Retrieved
1599:
1585:
1571:
1559:. Retrieved
1555:the original
1550:
1541:
1525:
1513:. Retrieved
1504:
1496:
1491:
1483:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1454:. Retrieved
1447:the original
1434:
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