734:(4th ed.). Edinburgh & London: W. & A.K. Johnston Limited. p. 401 ("Scottish law and nobiliary practice, like those of many other European realms, recognise a number of special titles, some of which relate to chiefship and chieftaincy of families and groups as such, others being in respect of territorial lairdship. These form part of the Law of Name which falls under the jurisdiction of the Lord Lyon King of Arms, and are recognised by the Crown. As regards these chiefly, clan, and territorial titles, by Scots law each proprietor of an estate is entitled to add the name of his property to his surname, and if he does this consistently, to treat the whole as a title or name, and under Statute 1673 cap. 47, to subscribe himself so").
25:
189:
is the actual title, and the part after the comma is the territorial designation. These peers should therefore be referred to as "The
Baroness Thatcher" and "The Baron Callaghan of Cardiff": it is incorrect both to use part of the territorial designation as part of the title and to leave out part of
542:
advises that for a territorial designation to be recognised, there must be 'ownership of a substantial area of land to which a well-attested name attaches, that is to say, ownership of an “estate”, or farm or, at the very least, a house with policies extending to five acres or thereby'. The
543:
territorial designation in this case is considered to be an indivisible part of the name, though not necessarily an indicator of ancestral or feudal nobility, though recognition of a territorial designation is usually accorded alongside the grant or matriculation of a
307:
However, this format is now no longer used: if a peerage title in the format "Baron
Surname of Place" is wanted, the full territorial designation must be used. Thus if the Barony of Stanley of Alderley were created today, it would be created as
578:
is the ultimate arbiter as to determining entitlement to a territorial designation, and his right of discretion in recognising these, and their status as a name, dignity or title, has been confirmed in the
Scottish courts.
235:
Hence the distinction needs to be made between different peers with similar or the same surnames so that there can be no confusion. This can be especially important if peers with similar names sit in the
320:
Though this dual usage (or repetition) in both title and territorial designation is not a requirement to create a title in the form of "Baron
Surname of Place" as illustrated in the example of
453:
799:
704:
767:
218:
781:
312:. This dual usage of the same term in the title and in the territorial designation may appear peculiar, but is a regular occurrence, with one recent example being
217:
had been created and anyone else wanting to use this title would need to add a territorial designation in order to create a different peerage. Hence his son,
321:
226:
901:
257:
125:
With the exception of royal peerages, which are often created without them, territorial designations are used with the creation of almost all
498:, at least one term usually refers to the site of the grantee's triumph, usually outside the United Kingdom. For example, the famous admiral
441:
261:
825:
803:
427:
138:
708:
46:
272:
Until the 19th century, it was possible to create a different peerage title merely by altering the location of the comma. Thus the title
249:
68:
745:
785:
253:
551:
status. A substantive territorial designation holder is understood to be the "Head of the
Territorial House of ". For example a
458:
Baron McCrea of
Magherafelt and Cookstown, of Magherafelt in the County of Londonderry and of Cookstown in the County of Tyrone
245:
206:
855:
485:
90:
418:
Some territorial designations name more than one place, and the format used depends on whether such places are in the same
638:
347:) often used to include territorial designations, but this has varied and such creations now rarely do. For example: the
39:
33:
538:
who own (or were born in or were associated with) named land, generally outside a town (i.e. a rural location). The
349:
286:
201:
The place of the comma can be particularly important when dealing with peers with the same names. For instance,
50:
372:
446:
Baron Morris of
Aberavon, of Aberavon in the County of West Glamorgan and of Ceredigion in the County of Dyfed
468:
Occasionally, a place outside the United
Kingdom can be named. For instance, the life peerage conferred on
563:
896:
490:
Baroness Osamor, of
Tottenham in the London Borough of Haringey and of Asaba in the Republic of Nigeria.
241:
97:. Within Scotland, a territorial designation proclaims a relationship with a particular area of land.
891:
548:
469:
619:
British Titles: The Use and Misuse of the Titles of Peers and
Commoners, with Some Historical Notes
567:
419:
386:
590:. If he is a clan chief, he may be addressed by either the place name or the surname of his clan.
833:
599:
507:
474:
Baron Florey, of Adelaide in the Commonwealth of Australia and of Marston in the County of Oxford
761:
604:
544:
379:
141:
109:
that links them to a specific place or places, at least one of which is almost always in the
406:
165:
117:
of creation after the actual peerage title itself, of which it is not considered a part.
826:"Scottish feudal baronies (feudal barons, feudal baron) including the oath of a knight"
679:
499:
482:
Baroness Ryder of Warsaw, of Warsaw in Poland and of Cavendish in the County of Suffolk
392:
356:
237:
114:
110:
93:
titles, linking them to a specific place or places. It is also an integral part of all
82:
885:
495:
274:
668:(4th ed.). Edinburgh & London: W. & A.K. Johnston Limited. p. 401.
863:
449:
437:
423:
363:
313:
223:
Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover, of Preston Candover in the County of Hampshire
161:
134:
530:
Recognition of a territorial designation may also be granted in Scotland by the
399:
642:
574:, the latter denoting 'landowner', or is a descendant of one of the same. The
575:
539:
531:
477:
432:
Baroness McDonagh, of Mitcham and of Morden in the London Borough of Merton.
504:
Viscount Nelson, of the Nile and of Burnham Thorpe in the County of Norfolk
296:(created in 1839) only by the placement of the comma. The former title is
231:
Baron Sainsbury of Turville, of Turville in the County of Buckinghamshire.
340:
130:
535:
519:
518:
Provision of a territorial designation is also an integral part of all
318:
Baron Turner of Ecchinswell, of Ecchinswell in the County of Hampshire.
106:
94:
639:"Guidance regarding Baronial Additaments and Territorial Designations"
361:(created in 1876) were created with territorial designations but the
326:
Baron Grimstone of Boscobel, of Belgravia in the City of Westminster.
506:, the Nile being the site of his victory against the French in the
748:. Court of Session. Archived from the original on 16 December 2014
571:
186:
126:
384:(created in 1831) were accorded territorial designations but the
105:
A territorial designation is an aspect of the creation of modern
800:"Scottish Feudal Baronies (Barons) - Debrett's Forms of Address"
562:
A person bearing a Scottish territorial designation is either a
484:. Another, more recent example is the life peerage conferred on
344:
336:
310:
Baron Stanley of Alderley, of Alderley in the County of Chester
18:
198:
are incorrect, although the latter may be used informally.
240:
at the same time, as seen in the distinction made between
732:
The Clans, Septs, and Regiments of the Scottish Highlands
666:
The Clans, Septs, and Regiments of the Scottish Highlands
448:. This also extends to naming two places, such as in the
211:
Baron Sainsbury, of Drury Lane in the Borough of Holborn
179:
of the City of Cardiff in the County of South Glamorgan
422:
or other administrative division. For instance, the
402:, of Trafalgar and of Merton in the County of Surrey
617:Heywood, Valentine (1951). "The 'of' in Peerages".
282:
of Bickerstaffe in the County Palatine of Lancaster
766:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
746:"OPINION OF THE COURT delivered by LORD MARNOCH"
404:(created in 1805) differ in this respect to the
16:Geographical addendum to a British peerage title
582:According to Debrett's and other references, a
510:, and Burnham Thorpe being his place of birth.
335:Creations of the higher ranks of the peerage (
8:
782:"How to address a Chief, Chieftain or Laird"
730:Adam, F. & Innes of Learney, T. (1952).
705:"How to address a Chief, Chieftain or Laird"
664:Adam, F. & Innes of Learney, T. (1952).
382:, of the Isle of Ailsa in the County of Ayr
680:"Change of Name and/or Arms | The Gazette"
633:
631:
155:of Kesteven in the County of Lincolnshire.
390:(created in 1892) was not. Likewise, the
284:(created in 1832) differs in format from
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
641:. Court of the Lord Lyon. Archived from
555:is the head of the territorial house of
213:(created in 1962). This life peerage of
32:This article includes a list of general
627:
759:
7:
375:, in the County Palatine of Chester
331:Earldoms, marquessates and dukedoms
185:The part of the peerage before the
137:conferred (in 1992) on the former
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
464:Overseas and victory designations
192:The Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven
23:
514:English and British baronetcies
902:Peerages in the United Kingdom
359:, of Gordon Castle in Scotland
1:
456:who was created (in 2018) as
324:who was created (in 2020) as
316:, who was (in 2005) created
101:English and British peerages
707:. Debrett's. Archived from
367:(created in 1899) was not.
352:, in the County of Somerset
229:, was created (in 1997) as
221:, was created (in 1989) as
918:
502:was created (in 1801) as
397:(created in 1801) and the
354:(created in 1814) and the
173:Baron Callaghan of Cardiff
164:for former Prime Minister
584:John Smith of Abercrombie
553:John Smith of Abercrombie
488:was created (in 2018) as
480:was created (in 1979) as
472:was created (in 1965) as
444:was created (in 2001) as
430:was created (in 2004) as
302:Baron Stanley of Alderley
287:Baron Stanley of Alderley
268:Baronies and viscountcies
258:Baron Hunt of Kings Heath
168:(in 1987) was created as:
476:; and that conferred on
373:Marquess of Cholmondeley
294:in the County of Chester
262:Baron Hunt of Chesterton
586:is addressed as simply
395:, in the County of York
260:(created in 1997), and
190:the actual title; thus
87:territorial designation
53:more precise citations.
377:(created in 1815) and
250:Baron Hunt of Tanworth
183:
158:
414:Multiple designations
300:whilst the latter is
170:
146:
113:. It is given in the
684:www.thegazette.co.uk
557:Smith of Abercrombie
254:Baron Hunt of Wirral
246:Baron Hunt of Fawley
225:, while his nephew,
133:. For instance, the
866:on 25 February 2015
860:www.scotsbarons.org
856:"Titles and Usages"
410:(created in 1984).
387:Marquess of Zetland
264:(created in 2000).
256:(created in 1997),
836:on 7 December 2016
600:Nobiliary particle
568:chief or chieftain
508:Battle of the Nile
350:Duke of Wellington
196:The Lord Callaghan
605:Toponymic surname
494:In the case of a
428:Margaret McDonagh
380:Marquess of Ailsa
149:Baroness Thatcher
142:Margaret Thatcher
79:
78:
71:
909:
876:
875:
873:
871:
862:. Archived from
852:
846:
845:
843:
841:
832:. Archived from
822:
816:
815:
813:
811:
802:. Archived from
796:
790:
789:
784:. Archived from
778:
772:
771:
765:
757:
755:
753:
742:
736:
735:
727:
721:
720:
718:
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711:on 1 August 2010
701:
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676:
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622:
621:. A and C Black.
547:, which confers
407:Earl of Stockton
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
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19:
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869:
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854:
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830:www.peerage.org
824:
823:
819:
809:
807:
806:on 25 July 2013
798:
797:
793:
788:on 28 May 2016.
780:
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528:
516:
466:
416:
333:
322:Gerry Grimstone
270:
227:David Sainsbury
215:Baron Sainsbury
203:Baron Sainsbury
166:James Callaghan
144:was created as:
123:
103:
89:follows modern
75:
64:
58:
55:
45:Please help to
44:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
915:
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894:
884:
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645:on 12 May 2011
626:
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595:
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527:
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512:
500:Horatio Nelson
465:
462:
454:William McCrea
415:
412:
393:Earl of Craven
357:Duke of Gordon
332:
329:
269:
266:
238:House of Lords
219:John Sainsbury
207:Alan Sainsbury
139:Prime Minister
122:
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111:United Kingdom
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83:United Kingdom
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31:
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546:
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523:
521:
513:
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501:
497:
496:victory title
492:
491:
487:
486:Martha Osamor
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:Howard Florey
463:
461:
459:
455:
452:conferred on
451:
447:
443:
440:conferred on
439:
434:
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429:
426:conferred on
425:
421:
413:
411:
409:
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351:
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305:
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299:
298:Baron Stanley
295:
293:
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288:
283:
281:
280:
276:
275:Baron Stanley
267:
265:
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259:
255:
252:(1980-2008),
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121:Life peerages
120:
118:
116:
112:
108:
100:
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92:
88:
84:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
897:Noble titles
868:. Retrieved
864:the original
859:
850:
838:. Retrieved
834:the original
829:
820:
808:. Retrieved
804:the original
794:
786:the original
776:
750:. Retrieved
740:
731:
725:
713:. Retrieved
709:the original
699:
687:. Retrieved
683:
674:
665:
659:
647:. Retrieved
643:the original
618:
587:
583:
581:
561:
556:
552:
545:coat of arms
534:to Scottish
529:
517:
503:
493:
489:
481:
473:
467:
457:
450:life peerage
445:
438:life peerage
435:
431:
424:life peerage
417:
405:
398:
391:
385:
378:
371:
369:
364:Duke of Fife
362:
355:
348:
334:
325:
317:
314:Adair Turner
309:
306:
301:
297:
290:
289:
285:
278:
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271:
234:
230:
222:
214:
210:
202:
200:
195:
191:
184:
175:
174:
172:
171:
162:life peerage
159:
151:
150:
148:
147:
135:life peerage
131:viscountcies
124:
104:
86:
80:
65:
59:January 2021
56:
37:
892:Baronetcies
588:Abercrombie
520:baronetcies
442:John Morris
400:Earl Nelson
248:(1973–87),
244:(1966–98),
95:baronetcies
51:introducing
886:Categories
870:1 December
840:1 December
611:References
549:'noblesse'
242:Baron Hunt
205:refers to
34:references
576:Lord Lyon
540:Lord Lyon
532:Lord Lyon
478:Sue Ryder
810:17 March
762:cite web
689:4 August
594:See also
536:armigers
526:Scotland
341:marquess
209:who was
127:baronies
107:peerages
752:29 July
91:peerage
81:In the
47:improve
715:22 May
649:22 May
420:county
115:patent
36:, but
572:laird
570:or a
564:baron
187:comma
872:2013
842:2013
812:2015
768:link
754:2011
717:2011
691:2024
651:2011
436:The
370:The
345:duke
343:and
337:earl
194:and
160:The
129:and
85:, a
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