545:
476:
64:
42:
672:. The phylogeny and taxonomy of the family Tetraphidaceae, in relation to other bryophytes, have long been disputed among bryologists. Some believe that there are characteristics of the family, like the thalloid protonema or the development of the peristome, that indicate that the moss is primitive and may share a common ancestor with
575:
can be up to 1.5 cm tall and the lower leaves are often only 1 mm in length. The fertile shoot tips are longer with distinct leaves while the leaves on the sterile shoot tips are more clumped together. The crowded leaves of the non-fertile shoot tip may form a gemma cup. The capsule, which
620:
leaves. These structures can be up to 4 mm long and the protonemal leaves can be up to 2.5 mm long. Four triangular teeth make up the egg-shaped capsules which are normally only 1 mm long. The spores are smooth, in contrast to the papillose spores produced by species in the genus
540:
The most notable anatomical structure in the family
Tetraphidaceae is the four teeth that make up the peristome. The teeth are whole, thick-walled cells which classifies the moss family as nematodontous. The teeth help the plant adapt as they can sense changes in the moisture in change length.
576:
is only about 2–3 mm in length, contains the spores used in asexual reproduction and is made up of four peristome teeth. The capsule usually fruits around early summer and the green,
501:
is the most common species in the family and is usually found in deciduous forests. Its leaves become wider in colder climates, which often leads to a misclassification of the species.
1210:
919:
Shaw, Jonathan; Anderson, Lewis E. (1988). "Peristome
Development in Mosses in Relation to Systematics and Evolution. II. Tetraphis pellucida (Tetraphidaceae)".
528:
grows most frequently on wet and shady rocks, of either granite or sandstone. The species normally grows alone but has been found growing with other bryophytes.
1249:
513:
species are found growing on moist sedimentary rocks and also on soil with high organic content, but the genus is mostly found growing on rotting logs.
603:
they are bent and papillose. In their immature forms, it is often difficult to tell one species from another as the seta is not yet fully developed.
1184:
1223:
883:
781:
764:
Goffinet, B.; W. R. Buck; A. J. Shaw (2008). "Morphology and
Classification of the Bryophyta". In Bernard Goffinet; A. Jonathan Shaw (eds.).
748:
548:
A close-up on the four-toothed peristome on the
Tetraphis pellucida. The four-toothed peristome is a characteristic of the Tetraphidaceae.
665:
629:
is very similar but has long, thin branches and the stem usually only grows to be about 2 mm in height. In some cases, a colony of
505:
is less commonly found and also appears in northern latitudes. The species often grows alongside the only other species in the genus,
856:
1007:
Weber, William A.; Simone, Leo D. (1977). "Tetraphis pellucida and T. geniculata: Scindulae as
Diagnostic Features in Bryophytes".
1228:
1236:
63:
544:
532:
is extremely rare and has been found growing in parts of central Europe, western North
America and southeast Asia.
475:
1254:
1050:
812:
Forman, Richard T. T. (1962). "The Family
Tetraphidaceae in North America: Continental Distribution and Ecology".
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233:
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210:
240:
1176:
736:
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891:
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1132:
1110:
497:
217:
50:
1311:
1024:
936:
829:
680:. The exact phylogeny of the family and its species continues to be discussed among bryologists.
58:
982:
1272:
1119:
862:
852:
777:
773:
744:
324:
1215:
1277:
1016:
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383:
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637:
species do not have specialized asexual structures, in contrast to species in the genus
346:
1333:
766:
700:
649:
461:
309:
41:
1316:
701:"Systematics of the Bryophyta (Mosses): From molecules to a revised classification"
677:
673:
280:
265:
226:
182:
152:
743:. Vol. 27. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 111–115.
1124:
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17:
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1145:
866:
617:
577:
398:
203:
176:
145:
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884:"Small four-tooth moss videos, photos and facts - Tetrodontium repandum"
1028:
940:
833:
187:
128:
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825:
486:
This family of mosses is most commonly found in northern latitudes.
1285:
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543:
474:
172:
75:
190:. The defining feature of the family is the 4-toothed peristome.
772:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.
592:
168:
85:
1070:
1137:
694:
692:
633:
is made up only of the protonemal leaves. Additionally,
616:
has short, bristle-like structures that grow out of the
739:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
1079:
851:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Herbarium.
460:The classification of Tetraphidaceae, and its
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
8:
711:. Missouri Botanical Garden Press: 205–239.
699:Goffinet, Bernard; William R. Buck (2004).
599:the setae are smooth and straight while in
1067:
40:
31:
479:The shoot and four-toothed peristome of
983:"Four Tooth Moss - Montana Field Guide"
707:. Molecular Systematics of Bryophytes.
688:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1002:
1000:
998:
7:
1291:6BE2D75E-3D80-0FAB-9987-E520F7887F7A
1265:643a6fc3-669f-4eaf-a124-050fe47ee114
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912:
910:
908:
878:
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807:
805:
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801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
652:first described and named the genus
361:
339:
302:
295:
258:
251:
849:Structural diversity of bryophytes
25:
666:Christian Friedrich Schwägrichen
62:
1058:British Bryological Field Guide
705:Monographs in Systematic Botany
591:is the characteristics of the
1:
662:Species Muscorum Frondosorum,
192:
171:. It includes only the two
968:British Bryological Society
664:published in 1801. In 1824
580:spores are spread by wind.
464:position among the mosses.
1361:
921:American Journal of Botany
735:Harpel, Judith A. (2007).
583:The main contrast between
563:is made up of the species
1051:"Tetrodontium brownianum"
459:
396:
381:
366:
359:
344:
337:
322:
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278:
263:
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140:
135:
59:Scientific classification
57:
48:
39:
34:
981:Webmaster, David Ratz.
614:Tetrodontium brownianum
525:Tetrodontium brownianum
234:Tetrodontium brownianum
741:Flora of North America
549:
483:
961:"Tetraphis pellucida"
847:Crum, Howard (2001).
627:Tetrodontium repandum
547:
530:Tetrodontium repandum
478:
241:Tetrodontium repandum
503:Tetraphis geniculata
211:Tetraphis geniculata
658:Tetraphis pellucida
645:History of taxonomy
498:Tetraphis pellucida
481:Tetraphis pellucida
218:Tetraphis pellucida
100:Goffinet & Buck
51:Tetraphis pellucida
550:
484:
1327:
1326:
1273:Open Tree of Life
1073:Taxon identifiers
783:978-0-521-87225-6
768:Bryophyte Biology
750:978-0-19-531823-4
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325:Andreaeobryopsida
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16:(Redirected from
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927:(7): 1019–1032.
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890:. Archived from
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809:
788:
787:
771:
761:
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737:"Tetraphidaceae"
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668:named the genus
656:and the species
571:. The shoots on
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27:Family of mosses
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1021:10.2307/3242528
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384:Polytrichopsida
167:is a family of
158:
126:
112:
98:
96:Tetraphidopsida
61:
35:Tetraphidaceae
28:
23:
22:
18:Tetraphidopsida
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5:
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1317:wfo-7000000605
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1181:
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1111:Tetraphidaceae
1101:
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1083:
1081:Tetraphidaceae
1077:
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1034:
1015:(1): 164–167.
1009:The Bryologist
994:
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820:(4): 280–285.
814:The Bryologist
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165:Tetraphidaceae
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1340:Moss families
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894:on 2018-04-16
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858:9780962073342
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310:Andreaeopsida
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30:
19:
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1057:
1049:Alan, Hale.
1012:
1008:
986:. Retrieved
976:
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959:Alan, Hale.
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920:
896:. Retrieved
892:the original
887:
848:
842:
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813:
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708:
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674:Sphagnopsida
670:Tetrodontium
669:
661:
660:in his book
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648:
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635:Tetrodontium
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631:Tetrodontium
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608:Tetrodontium
607:
601:T. geniculta
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597:T. pellucida
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589:T. geniculta
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585:T. pellucida
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573:T. pellucida
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569:T. geniculta
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565:T. pellucida
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558:
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539:
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518:Tetrodontium
517:
510:
507:T. pellucida
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502:
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495:
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485:
480:
462:phylogenetic
397:
382:
368:
367:
345:
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281:Sphagnopsida
279:
266:Takakiopsida
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227:Tetrodontium
225:
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197:
183:Tetrodontium
181:
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164:
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153:Tetrodontium
151:
144:
123:
109:
95:
49:
29:
1198:iNaturalist
1105:Wikispecies
678:Andreaeidae
114:M. Fleisch.
1334:Categories
988:2018-04-16
898:2018-04-15
684:References
618:protonemal
559:The genus
536:Morphology
82:Division:
1159:FloraBase
654:Tetraphis
639:Tetraphis
623:Tetraphis
578:papillose
561:Tetraphis
554:Tetraphis
511:Tetraphis
491:Tetraphis
399:Bryopsida
204:Tetraphis
177:Tetraphis
146:Tetraphis
86:Bryophyta
72:Kingdom:
1304:35002532
1299:Tropicos
1090:Wikidata
867:46991287
120:Family:
1096:Q140306
1029:3242528
941:2443770
834:3240727
509:. Both
196:family
188:species
136:Genera
129:Schimp.
106:Order:
92:Class:
76:Plantae
1278:548804
1262:NZOR:
1216:112966
1203:124389
1060:: 334.
1027:
970:: 333.
939:
888:Arkive
865:
855:
832:
780:
776:–138.
747:
173:genera
169:mosses
1286:Plazi
1255:37418
1229:15789
1211:IRMNG
1177:20446
1164:23088
1151:1TTIF
1054:(PDF)
1025:JSTOR
964:(PDF)
937:JSTOR
830:JSTOR
595:. In
593:setae
471:Range
1250:NCBI
1224:ITIS
1190:8773
1185:GBIF
1146:EPPO
1138:3889
863:OCLC
853:ISBN
778:ISBN
745:ISBN
676:and
587:and
567:and
180:and
1312:WFO
1237:NBN
1172:FNA
1133:EoL
1125:H42
1120:CoL
1017:doi
929:doi
822:doi
1336::
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1056:.
1037:^
1023:.
1013:80
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997:^
966:.
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935:.
925:75
923:.
907:^
886:.
875:^
861:.
828:.
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792:^
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717:^
709:98
703:.
691:^
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625:.
1031:.
1019::
991:.
943:.
931::
901:.
869:.
836:.
824::
786:.
753:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
