534:
465:
53:
31:
661:. The phylogeny and taxonomy of the family Tetraphidaceae, in relation to other bryophytes, have long been disputed among bryologists. Some believe that there are characteristics of the family, like the thalloid protonema or the development of the peristome, that indicate that the moss is primitive and may share a common ancestor with
564:
can be up to 1.5 cm tall and the lower leaves are often only 1 mm in length. The fertile shoot tips are longer with distinct leaves while the leaves on the sterile shoot tips are more clumped together. The crowded leaves of the non-fertile shoot tip may form a gemma cup. The capsule, which
609:
leaves. These structures can be up to 4 mm long and the protonemal leaves can be up to 2.5 mm long. Four triangular teeth make up the egg-shaped capsules which are normally only 1 mm long. The spores are smooth, in contrast to the papillose spores produced by species in the genus
529:
The most notable anatomical structure in the family
Tetraphidaceae is the four teeth that make up the peristome. The teeth are whole, thick-walled cells which classifies the moss family as nematodontous. The teeth help the plant adapt as they can sense changes in the moisture in change length.
565:
is only about 2–3 mm in length, contains the spores used in asexual reproduction and is made up of four peristome teeth. The capsule usually fruits around early summer and the green,
490:
is the most common species in the family and is usually found in deciduous forests. Its leaves become wider in colder climates, which often leads to a misclassification of the species.
1199:
908:
Shaw, Jonathan; Anderson, Lewis E. (1988). "Peristome
Development in Mosses in Relation to Systematics and Evolution. II. Tetraphis pellucida (Tetraphidaceae)".
517:
grows most frequently on wet and shady rocks, of either granite or sandstone. The species normally grows alone but has been found growing with other bryophytes.
1238:
502:
species are found growing on moist sedimentary rocks and also on soil with high organic content, but the genus is mostly found growing on rotting logs.
592:
they are bent and papillose. In their immature forms, it is often difficult to tell one species from another as the seta is not yet fully developed.
1173:
1212:
872:
770:
753:
Goffinet, B.; W. R. Buck; A. J. Shaw (2008). "Morphology and
Classification of the Bryophyta". In Bernard Goffinet; A. Jonathan Shaw (eds.).
737:
537:
A close-up on the four-toothed peristome on the
Tetraphis pellucida. The four-toothed peristome is a characteristic of the Tetraphidaceae.
654:
618:
is very similar but has long, thin branches and the stem usually only grows to be about 2 mm in height. In some cases, a colony of
494:
is less commonly found and also appears in northern latitudes. The species often grows alongside the only other species in the genus,
845:
996:
Weber, William A.; Simone, Leo D. (1977). "Tetraphis pellucida and T. geniculata: Scindulae as
Diagnostic Features in Bryophytes".
1217:
1225:
52:
533:
521:
is extremely rare and has been found growing in parts of central Europe, western North
America and southeast Asia.
464:
1243:
1039:
801:
Forman, Richard T. T. (1962). "The Family
Tetraphidaceae in North America: Continental Distribution and Ecology".
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513:
222:
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199:
229:
1165:
725:
1279:
880:
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1121:
1099:
486:
206:
39:
1300:
1013:
925:
818:
669:. The exact phylogeny of the family and its species continues to be discussed among bryologists.
47:
971:
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851:
841:
766:
762:
733:
313:
1204:
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1005:
917:
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372:
1152:
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species do not have specialized asexual structures, in contrast to species in the genus
335:
1322:
755:
689:
638:
450:
298:
30:
1305:
690:"Systematics of the Bryophyta (Mosses): From molecules to a revised classification"
666:
662:
269:
254:
215:
171:
141:
732:. Vol. 27. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 111–115.
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855:
606:
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387:
192:
165:
134:
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873:"Small four-tooth moss videos, photos and facts - Tetrodontium repandum"
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176:
117:
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921:
814:
475:
This family of mosses is most commonly found in northern latitudes.
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1139:
532:
463:
161:
64:
179:. The defining feature of the family is the 4-toothed peristome.
761:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.
581:
157:
74:
1059:
1126:
683:
681:
622:
is made up only of the protonemal leaves. Additionally,
605:
has short, bristle-like structures that grow out of the
728:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
1068:
840:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Herbarium.
449:The classification of Tetraphidaceae, and its
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
8:
700:. Missouri Botanical Garden Press: 205–239.
688:Goffinet, Bernard; William R. Buck (2004).
588:the setae are smooth and straight while in
1056:
29:
20:
468:The shoot and four-toothed peristome of
972:"Four Tooth Moss - Montana Field Guide"
696:. Molecular Systematics of Bryophytes.
677:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
991:
989:
987:
7:
1280:6BE2D75E-3D80-0FAB-9987-E520F7887F7A
1254:643a6fc3-669f-4eaf-a124-050fe47ee114
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901:
899:
897:
867:
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790:
788:
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784:
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641:first described and named the genus
350:
328:
291:
284:
247:
240:
838:Structural diversity of bryophytes
14:
655:Christian Friedrich Schwägrichen
51:
1047:British Bryological Field Guide
694:Monographs in Systematic Botany
580:is the characteristics of the
1:
651:Species Muscorum Frondosorum,
181:
160:. It includes only the two
957:British Bryological Society
653:published in 1801. In 1824
569:spores are spread by wind.
453:position among the mosses.
1350:
910:American Journal of Botany
724:Harpel, Judith A. (2007).
572:The main contrast between
552:is made up of the species
1040:"Tetrodontium brownianum"
448:
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370:
355:
348:
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289:
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267:
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129:
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48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
970:Webmaster, David Ratz.
603:Tetrodontium brownianum
514:Tetrodontium brownianum
223:Tetrodontium brownianum
730:Flora of North America
538:
472:
950:"Tetraphis pellucida"
836:Crum, Howard (2001).
616:Tetrodontium repandum
536:
519:Tetrodontium repandum
467:
230:Tetrodontium repandum
492:Tetraphis geniculata
200:Tetraphis geniculata
647:Tetraphis pellucida
634:History of taxonomy
487:Tetraphis pellucida
470:Tetraphis pellucida
207:Tetraphis pellucida
89:Goffinet & Buck
40:Tetraphis pellucida
539:
473:
1316:
1315:
1262:Open Tree of Life
1062:Taxon identifiers
772:978-0-521-87225-6
757:Bryophyte Biology
739:978-0-19-531823-4
457:
456:
443:
442:
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314:Andreaeobryopsida
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1231:NHMSYS0000310736
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916:(7): 1019–1032.
905:
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879:. Archived from
869:
860:
859:
833:
827:
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798:
777:
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760:
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743:
726:"Tetraphidaceae"
721:
702:
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685:
657:named the genus
645:and the species
560:. The shoots on
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182:
175:, each with two
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33:
21:
16:Family of mosses
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1334:Tetraphidopsida
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1010:10.2307/3242528
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815:10.2307/3240727
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373:Polytrichopsida
156:is a family of
147:
115:
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87:
85:Tetraphidopsida
50:
24:Tetraphidaceae
17:
12:
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1306:wfo-7000000605
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1100:Tetraphidaceae
1090:
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1070:Tetraphidaceae
1066:
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1023:
1004:(1): 164–167.
998:The Bryologist
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809:(4): 280–285.
803:The Bryologist
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154:Tetraphidaceae
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883:on 2018-04-16
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1038:Alan, Hale.
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975:. Retrieved
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948:Alan, Hale.
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885:. Retrieved
881:the original
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663:Sphagnopsida
659:Tetrodontium
658:
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649:in his book
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624:Tetrodontium
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620:Tetrodontium
619:
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597:Tetrodontium
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590:T. geniculta
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586:T. pellucida
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578:T. geniculta
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574:T. pellucida
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562:T. pellucida
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558:T. geniculta
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451:phylogenetic
386:
371:
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270:Sphagnopsida
268:
255:Takakiopsida
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216:Tetrodontium
214:
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172:Tetrodontium
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142:Tetrodontium
140:
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112:
98:
84:
38:
18:
1187:iNaturalist
1094:Wikispecies
667:Andreaeidae
103:M. Fleisch.
1323:Categories
977:2018-04-16
887:2018-04-15
673:References
607:protonemal
548:The genus
525:Morphology
71:Division:
1148:FloraBase
643:Tetraphis
628:Tetraphis
612:Tetraphis
567:papillose
550:Tetraphis
543:Tetraphis
500:Tetraphis
480:Tetraphis
388:Bryopsida
193:Tetraphis
166:Tetraphis
135:Tetraphis
75:Bryophyta
61:Kingdom:
1293:35002532
1288:Tropicos
1079:Wikidata
856:46991287
109:Family:
1085:Q140306
1018:3242528
930:2443770
823:3240727
498:. Both
185:family
177:species
125:Genera
118:Schimp.
95:Order:
81:Class:
65:Plantae
1267:548804
1251:NZOR:
1205:112966
1192:124389
1049:: 334.
1016:
959:: 333.
928:
877:Arkive
854:
844:
821:
769:
765:–138.
736:
162:genera
158:mosses
1275:Plazi
1244:37418
1218:15789
1200:IRMNG
1166:20446
1153:23088
1140:1TTIF
1043:(PDF)
1014:JSTOR
953:(PDF)
926:JSTOR
819:JSTOR
584:. In
582:setae
460:Range
1239:NCBI
1213:ITIS
1179:8773
1174:GBIF
1135:EPPO
1127:3889
852:OCLC
842:ISBN
767:ISBN
734:ISBN
665:and
576:and
556:and
169:and
1301:WFO
1226:NBN
1161:FNA
1122:EoL
1114:H42
1109:CoL
1006:doi
918:doi
811:doi
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896:^
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920::
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858:.
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742:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
