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sentence and context where the word appears to decide what the word should be. For many other words like "Im" and "Shes", there is no ambiguity. Since users don't need to use apostrophes to ensure that their message is understood accurately, this phenomenon may in part be attributed to texters wanting to maintain clarity so that the message can be more easily understood in a shorter amount of time. The widespread mobile phone auto-correct feature contributes to the frequency of the apostrophe in SMS messages, since, even without user awareness, it will insert an apostrophe in many common words, such as "I'm", "I'll", and "I'd".
2504:
grammar assessment, the study gathered information on how the amount of time a student spent online affected their writing. Cingel & Sundar (2012) hypothesized that the more text messages a student received and sent, the more grammar âadaptationsâ their writing would contain. The results reflected a negative relationship between text messaging and adolescent grammar skills. They concluded that the more time the youth spend on technology, the more they become acquainted with âtechspeakâ or âtextese,â and thus allow their approach to grammar and academic writing to change.
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indicates that an individual is part of the group, forging a group identity that excludes outsiders. SMS language is thus thought to be the "secret code of the youth" by some. The fact that sometimes, shortened forms are used for reasons other than space constraints can be seen as interlocutors trying to establish solidarity with each other.
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Companies focusing on the teen market have the tendency to make use of SMS language in their advertising to capture the attention of their target audience. Since teenagers tend to be the ones using SMS language, they are able to relate to advertisements that use SMS language. Unilever's advertisement
2512:
According to Sean Ă Cadhain, abbreviations and acronyms elicits a sense of group identity as users must be familiar with the lingo of their group to be able to comprehend the SMS language used within the group. The ability to use and understand these language short forms that are unique to each group
852:
observes that apostrophes occur unusually frequently. He cites an
American study of 544 messages, where the occurrence of apostrophes in SMS language is approximately 35 percent. This is unexpected, seeing that it is a hassle to input an apostrophe in a text message with the multiple steps involved.
791:
Prosodic features in SMS language aim to provide added semantic and syntactic information and context from which recipients can use to deduce a more contextually relevant and accurate interpretation. These may aim to convey the textual equivalent of verbal prosodic features such as facial expression
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In general, SMS language thus permits the sender to type less and communicate more quickly than one could without such shortcuts. One example is the use of "tmr" instead of "tomorrow". Nevertheless, there are no standard rules for the creation and use of SMS languages. Any word may be shortened (for
2560:
Circa 2005, advertisements have been increasingly influenced by SMS language. The longer the message in the advertisement, the less the impression it will leave. Hence, short messages that are more catchy, cost and space-saving are more commonly used. The visual effect elicited by SMS language also
2503:
A study performed by Cingel & Sundar (2012) investigated the relationship between the use of SMS language and grammar in adolescents. By using a self-report survey where the 228 middle school participants would answer questions regarding their texting behaviors, as well as a ten minute in-class
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The proliferation of SMS language has been criticized for causing the deterioration of
English language proficiency and its rich heritage. Opponents of SMS language feel that it undermines the properties of the English language that have lasted throughout its long history. Furthermore, words within
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as one problem posed, illustrating with examples such as "lol", which may either be interpreted to mean "laughing out loud", "lots of love", and "little old lady" depending on the context in which it is being used. Ambiguous words and statements have always been present within languages. In
English
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There are others who feel that the claims of SMS language being detrimental to
English language proficiency are overrated. A study of the written work of 100 students by Freudenberg found that the actual amount of use of SMS language found in the written work was not very significant. Some features
460:
The primary motivation for the creation and use of SMS language was to convey a comprehensible message using the fewest characters possible. This was for two reasons: first of all, telecommunication companies limited the number of characters per SMS and charged the user per SMS sent. To keep costs
428:
of over 48 languages and dialects, though such provisions are by no means fully comprehensive as to the languages used by users all over the world. Researcher
Mohammad Shirali-Shahreza (2007) further observes that mobile phone producers offer support "of local language of the country" within which
856:
There are few cases in
English where leaving out the apostrophe causes misunderstanding of the message. For example, "we're" without the apostrophe could be misread as "were". Even so, these are mostly understood correctly despite being ambiguous, as readers can rely on other cues such as part of
839:
Use of punctuation and capitalization to form emoticons distracts from the more traditional function of such features and symbols. Nevertheless, uses do differ across individuals and cultures. For example, overpunctuation may simply be used to communicate paralinguistic aspects of communication
814:
Most SMS messages have done away with capitalization. Use of capitalizations on the first word of a message may in fact, not be intentional, and may likely be due to the default capitalization setting of devices. Capitalization too may encode prosodic elements, where copious use may signify the
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There are also views that SMS language has little or no effect on grammar. Proponents of this view feel that SMS language is merely another language, and since learning a new language does not affect students' proficiency in
English grammar, it cannot be said that SMS language can affect their
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Just as body language and facial expressions can alter how speech is perceived, emoji and emoticons can alter the meaning of a text message, the difference being that the real tone of the SMS sender is less easily discerned merely by the emoticon. Using a smiling face can be perceived as being
413:, that is a dialect strongly if not completely derivative of the English language. This may not be so. Such generalization may have risen from the fact that mobile phones had only been able to support a limited number of default languages in the early stages of its conception and distribution.
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of SMS language such as the use of emoticons was not observed in any of the written work by the students. Of all the errors found, quite a substantial amount cannot be attributed to use of SMS language. These included errors that have already appeared even before the advent of SMS language.
995:
Many other efforts have been made to provide SMS dictionaries on the
Internet. Usually an alphabetical list of "words" used in SMS language is provided, along with their intended meanings. Text messages can also be "translated" to standard language on certain web sites as well, although the
342:. It follows from how early SMS permitted only 160 characters and that carriers began charging a small fee for each message sent (and sometimes received). Together with the difficulty and inefficiency in creating messages, it led the desire for a more economical language for the new medium.
461:
down, users had to find a way of being concise while still communicating the desired message. Secondly, typing on a phone is normally slower than with a keyboard, and capitalization is even slower. As a result, punctuation, grammar, and capitalization are largely ignored.
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for their novel range of deodorant for teenage girls uses the phrase "OMG! Moments." David Lang, president of the team who created the advertisement commented that they desired to bring across the impression that they identify with youth culture and discourse.
491:
Observations and classifications as to the linguistic and stylistic properties of SMS language have been made and proposed by
Crispin Thurlow, LĂłpez RĂșa, and David Crystal. Although they are by no means exhaustive, some of these properties involve the use of:
984:
efforts and publications (e.g., dictionaries) dealing specifically with SMS language have yet to emerge. Some experts have suggested that the usage of "ungrammatical" text message slang has enabled SMS to become a part of "normal language" for many children.
904:
Users may also use spellings that reflect their illocutionary force and intention rather than using the standard spelling. For example, the use of "haha" to signify "standard" laughter, and "muahaha" to encode perhaps more raucous or evil sound of laughter.
741:(IRC), is also commonly found in SMS language. Reactive tokens include phrases or words like "yeah I know", which signifies a reaction to a previous message. In SMS language, however, the difference is that many words are shortened unlike in spoken speech.
451:
As such, on top of the measures taken to minimize space, time and cost constraints in SMS language, further constraints upon the varied nature and characteristics of languages worldwide add to the distinct properties and style of SMS language(s).
2470:
Although various other research supports the use of SMS language, the popular notion that text messaging is damaging to the linguistic development of young people persists and many view it as a corruption of the standard form of language.
2572:
Many other companies like McDonald's have also attempted to pursue the teenage market by using SMS language abbreviations in their commercials. McDonald's in Korea has an online video commercial which concludes with: "r u ready?".
792:
and tone of voice. Indeed, even though SMS language exists in the format of written text, it closely resembles normal speech in that it does not have a complicated structure and that its meaning is greatly contextualised.
2499:
refuted press reports that they had authorized the use of text abbreviations in exam answers, with a spokesperson saying that "there had been no change to guidelines and there was no specific policy about text language."
2525:, there are differences in the SMS language of females and males. The lexical, morphological and syntactic choices of male and female SMS users suggested to Ling that women are more "adroit" and more "literary" texters.
337:
language is similar to telegraphs' language where charges were by the word. It seeks to use the fewest letters to produce ultra-concise words and sentiments in dealing with the space, time, and cost constraints of
404:
French comic featuring SMS language. The child's speech (in full French spelling, "Mais c'est vrai ! T'es quoi, un nazi ?", translated as "But it's true! What are you, a Nazi?") is written in French SMS
2483:
for example, the word "duck" can have more than one meaning. It could be referring to either the bird or the action, and such words are usually disambiguated by looking at the context in which it was written.
4085:
Gil, Paul Gil Writer Paul; internet, a former
Lifewire writer who is also known for his dynamic; Courses, Database; Gil, has been active in technology fields for over two decades our editorial process Paul.
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365:
120 years back, when telegraph operators were reported to use abbreviations similar to modern text when chatting amongst themselves in between the sending of official messages. Faramerz Dabhoiwala wrote in
2487:
the SMS language that are very similar to their English-language counterparts can be confused by young users as the actual English spelling and can therefore increase the prevalence of spelling mistakes.
2823:
Silberstein, Sandra (2018). "Maintaining "Good Guys" and "Bad Guys": Implicit Language Policies in Media Coverage of International Crises". In Tollefson, James W; PĂ©rez-Milans, Miguel (eds.).
642:
For words that have no common abbreviation, users most commonly remove the vowels from a word, and the reader is required to interpret a string of consonants by re-adding the vowels (e.g.,
448:
letters. On the other side, researcher Gillian Perrett observes the de-anglicization of the English language following its use and incorporation into non-English linguistic contexts.
2692:
Rosen, Larry D.; Chang, Jennifer; Erwin, Lynne; Carrier, L. Mark; Cheever, Nancy A. (2010). "The Relationship Between "Textisms" and Formal and Informal Writing Among Young Adults".
326:). Additionally, SMS language made text messages quicker to type, while also avoiding additional charges from mobile network providers for lengthy messages exceeding 160 characters.
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provides its clients with an SMS dictionary as a supplement to their cell phone purchase. Vodacom provides lists of abbreviations and acronyms with their meanings in its web site.
424:
and language packs enable the linguistic localization of products that are equipped with such interfaces, where the final Symbian release (Symbian Belle) supported the scripts and
2721:
Grace, Abbie; Kemp, Nenagh; Martin, Frances H.; Parrila, Rauno (2015). "Undergraduates' attitudes to text messaging language use and intrusions of textisms into formal writing".
2912:
5391:
5514:
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Beverly, Plester; Wood, Clare; Joshi, Puja (2009). "Exploring the relationship between children's knowledge of text message abbreviations and school literacy outcomes".
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Men's messages tend to comprise "one-sentence", "one-clause" or "one-thought" constructions (the latter is markedly observable among male users within the ages 16 to 19)
2495:
Use of SMS language in schools tended to be seen as negative effects. There have been some reports in the media of children using SMS language for essays in school. The
980:
SMS language has yet to be accepted as a conventional and stable form, either as a dialect or as a language. As a result, (as much as it is also a consequence), notable
932:
658:). Omission of words, especially function words (e.g., determiners like "a" and "the") are also employed as part of the effort to overcome time and space constraints.
353:. Likewise, such a change sought to accommodate the small number of characters allowed per message, and to increase convenience for the time-consuming and often small
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grammar. With proper instruction, students should be able to distinguish between slang, SMS language and standard English and use them in their appropriate contexts.
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made text entry difficult, requiring multiple key presses on a small keypad to generate each letter, and messages were generally limited to 160 characters (or 1280
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2431:
Both children and adults use SMS language, so if adults do not display the errors seen in children's written work, they cannot be attributed to SMS language alone.
3394:"The Impact of Short Message Service (SMS) Language on Language Proficiency of Learners and the SMS Dictionaries: A Challenge for Educators and Lexicographers"
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While women observed conventional rules more than men, the difference is marginal. This involves the use of correct spelling, punctuation, capitalization, etc.
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In one American study, researchers found that less than 20% of messages used SMS language. Looking at his own texting history, the study's author, linguist
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In this, regional variations in spelling can also be observed. As such, SMS language, with its intergroup variations, also serves as an identity marker.
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Women had messages with emotional and practical (e.g., arranging a meeting) content unlike men, who mostly used SMS language for practical content only.
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example, "text" to "txt"). Words can also be combined with numbers to make them shorter (for example, "later" to "l8r"), using the numeral "8" for its
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He further observes that this is by no means a cause for bad spelling, where in fact, texting may lead to an improvement in the literacy of the user.
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4556:" messages are longer, have a more complex structure and retain more of the traditional conventions associated with other written forms than men...
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has countered the claims that SMS has a deleterious effect on language with numerous scholarly studies. The findings are summarized in his book
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lends a feeling of novelty that helps to make the advertisement more memorable. For example, an advertisement of a book uses the SMS language:
681:
Recipients may have to interpret the abbreviated words depending on the context in which they are being used. For instance, should someone use
2420:
Abbreviating has been in use for a long time, and thus is not a novel phenomenon only found in SMS language. Furthermore, some words such as "
432:
Nevertheless, various factors contribute as additional constraints to the use of non-English languages and scripts in SMS. This motivates the
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Ling, Richard (2005). R. Ling; P. Pedersen (eds.). "The socio-linguistics of SMS: An analysis of SMS use by a random sample of Norwegians".
714:, and it is precisely this shortfall that critics cite as a reason not to use it (although the English language in general, like many other
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The use of apostrophes cannot be attributed to users attempting to disambiguate words that might otherwise be misunderstood without it.
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3170:"Investigating the impact of SMS speak on the written work of English first language and English second language high school learners"
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Ahmed, Sabreena; Nurullah, Abu Sadat; Sakar, Subarna (10 December 2010). "The Use of SMS and Language Transformation in Bangladesh".
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764:, using pictures and single letters or numbers to represent whole words (e.g., "i <3 u", which uses the pictogram of a heart for
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A prerequisite to using SMS language is the knowledge of spelling, so use of SMS language does not necessarily imply low literacy.
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Entire sounds within words would often be replaced by a letter or digit that would produce a similar sound when read by itself:
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440:(i.e. not using Latin alphabets) following for instance, the even more limited message lengths involved when using for example,
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According to a study, though SMS language is faster to write, more time is needed to read it compared to conventional English.
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over pay-per-message SMS has decreased the need to use SMS language. However, various textspeak abbreviations remain common.
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2752:"Exploring the longitudinal relationships between the use of grammar in text messaging and performance on grammatical tasks"
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2913:"The stripped-down form of writing that goes with texting has been with us for more than 120 years, research has uncovered"
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This abbreviation is used in the Free and Open Source (FOSS) community referring to software made by Microsoft
140:
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Nancy Anashia Ong'onda; Peter Maina Matu; Pamela Anyango Oloo (2011). "Syntactic Aspects in Text Messaging".
3266:"How Does the Use of Modern Communication Technology Influence Language and Literacy Development? - A Review"
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2659:"A Cross-sectional Study of Textese in Academic Writing: Magnitude of Penetration, impacts and perceptions"
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There is also youthful crowing over those who write 'HIFW when'. HIFW is short for 'how I feel when'....
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sarcastic rather than happy, thus the reader has to decide which it is by looking at the whole message.
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in fact have deep historical roots. 'OMG' was used by a septuagenarian naval hero, admiral of the fleet
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4373:"Texting, techspeak, and tweens: The relationship between text messaging and English grammar skills"
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Women and the younger users (across gender) tend to use more shortened forms and emoticons than men.
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2795:"Impact of text messaging on students' writing skills at university level: a corpus based analysis"
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LĂłpez-RĂșa, Paula (2007). "Teaching L2 vocabulary through SMS language: some didactic guidelines".
725:, and additionally the words used are not usually found in standard dictionaries or recognized by
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Provine, Robert R.; Spencer, Robert J.; Mandell, Darcy L. (2007). "Emotional Expression Online".
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Telegraph operators had their own acronyms, greeting each other with GM instead of good morning
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Use of abbreviations in written work and examinations is not that prevalent among students.
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Solomon Ali Dansieh (2011). "SMS Texting and Its Potential Impacts on Students' Written".
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3403:. International Association for Development of the Information Society. pp. 161â168.
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147:
2940:"How English Became English by Simon Horobin review â 'OMG' was first used 100 years ago"
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Many informal attempts at documenting SMS have been done. For example, service provider
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There are many examples of words or phrases that share the same abbreviations (e.g.,
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35:
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3098:"Margins under pressure: WhatsApp generates three times more daily traffic than SMS"
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In a typical text message, words are not abbreviated as frequently as widely thought
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2646:(Roman and medieval abbreviations used to save space in manuscripts and epigraphs)
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2428:" that are accepted as standard words in the dictionary are originally acronyms.
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Features of early mobile phone messaging encouraged users to use abbreviations.
89:
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SMS language also shares some of these characteristics with Internet slang and
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The material here seems to suggest that women are also more adroit "texters".
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On the Mobile: The Effects of Mobile Telephones on Social and Individual Life
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While vowels and punctuation of words in SMS language are generally omitted,
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3612:"15 Reasons "AF" Should Just Become an Official Unit of Measurement Already"
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In the case of capitalization in SMS language, there are three scenarios:
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Perpetual Contact: Mobile Communication, Private Talk, Public Performance
3711:
3399:. In IsaĂas, Pedro; Borg, Carmel; Kommers, Piet; Bonanno, Philip (eds.).
2607:
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has criticized SMS language as "wrecking our language". The author cites
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Many people are likely to use these abbreviations in lower case letters.
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Full capitalization as appropriate that conforms to all grammatical rules
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may contribute to a reduction in the use of shortenings in SMS language.
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3130:"Generation Txt? The sociolinguistics of young people's text messaging"
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4043:"50 Popular Texting Abbreviations & Internet Acronyms â Explained"
4002:"50 Popular Texting Abbreviations & Internet Acronyms â Explained"
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Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference Mobile Learning 2005
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718:, has many words that have different meanings in different contexts).
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5928:
5923:
5918:
5764:
5694:
5674:
5585:
5481:
5476:
5312:
5212:
5202:
5146:
5086:
4982:
4852:
4842:
2542:
More greetings and words of parting were observed in women's messages
2253:
is scalable depending on the amount of shock, the most common use is
670:
4582:
2860:
840:
without the need to create an emotion from it like so: "Hello!!!!".
220:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
815:
textual equivalent of raised voice to indicate heightened emotion.
480:
functionality, as well as the increasing popularity of free-to-use
6051:
5888:
5808:
5666:
5335:
5292:
5207:
5182:
5177:
5156:
5126:
5036:
5007:
4992:
4972:
4917:
3335:. Computer Supported Cooperative Work. London: Springer: 335â349.
2425:
2421:
2401:
is inherently coupled to a strong grasp of grammar and phonetics.
824:
761:
399:
346:
308:
299:
commonly used in the late 1990s and early 2000s with mobile phone
296:
265:
5627:
2243: using numbers phonetically is often intended to be sarcastic
1733:
A single letter or digit can replace a word, syllable, or phoneme
783:(codes comprehensible to initiates) and a range of face symbols.
677:
Pragmatics and context in interpretation of ambiguous shortenings
580:
Initializations (acronyms and abbreviations composed of initials)
6227:
6124:
5973:
5843:
5818:
5813:
5580:
5540:
5441:
5274:
5076:
4832:
4697:
2191:
1516:
349:
speak, as it evolved alongside the use of shorthand in Internet
6128:
5631:
5496:
4586:
4559:
This competence is also extended to telephonic communication...
2610:(Fictional "impoverished" language featured in George Orwell's
6938:
6363:
5855:
5838:
5833:
5801:
2597:
1736:
915:
864:
334:
323:
279:
185:
83:
42:
3554:
6336:
6331:
6321:
6304:
6299:
6288:
3204:"SMS text analysis: Language, gender and current practices"
627:
Reductions and shortenings, and omission of parts of speech
507:
Reductions and shortenings, and omission of parts of speech
319:
3802:
Eriksson-Zetterquist, U.; Kalling, T.; Styhre, A. (2011).
3273:
Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders
2663:
International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research
3555:"Text Message Translator, Online Text Message Dictionary"
3333:
Mobile Communications: Renegotiation of the Social Sphere
4293:"Email-"Inspired" Changes in Non-Native Legal Discourse"
2380:, said that just 10% of his messages used SMS language.
1880:
may be used as a smuggish and/or disrespecting response
2827:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 318â332.
2517:
Differences between male and female use of SMS language
940:
880:
737:
The feature of "reactive tokens" that is ubiquitous in
209:
4549:
Use of "adroit" in the adjectival sense as opposed to
4450:
4448:
4446:
4190:
4188:
3948:
3946:
4579:â Slang Words: 2,700 abbreviations and their meanings
2393:
According to research done by Dr. Nenagh Kemp of the
721:
SMS language does not always obey or follow standard
4457:"Marketers Try to Be 'Kewl' With Text-Message Lingo"
4338:
Trevett, Claire; Houlahan, Mike (10 November 2006).
996:"translations" are not always universally accepted.
760:
Some tokens of the SMS language can be likened to a
6937:
6884:
6814:
6723:
6666:
6633:
6620:
6559:
6511:
6450:
6349:
6268:
6162:
6060:
5982:
5879:
5787:
5665:
5364:
5348:
5321:
5273:
5170:
5029:
5016:
4760:
4723:
4633:
4620:
4371:Cingel, Drew P.; Sundar, S. Shyam (December 2012).
4029:"What Does OP Mean? | Slang by Dictionary.com"
3874:"IKR - Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary"
3638:"BRB / Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary"
3112:"2022 Teen Slang Meanings Every Parent Should Know"
3076:"Globalization and the de-Anglicization of English"
2825:
The Oxford Handbook of Language Policy and Planning
2261:Combinations can shorten single or multiple words:
114:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5392:Comparison of user features of messaging platforms
4061:"tldr Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary"
3996:
3994:
3392:Mphahlele, Mampa Lorna; Mashamaite, Kwena (2005).
3056:
3018:
3016:
409:Some may view SMS language to be a dialect of the
4418:
4416:
4414:
2861:"Technology: Textese May Be the Death of English"
2622:(Erroneous replacement of words by spellcheckers)
3839:Horrible Words: A Guide to the Misuse of English
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
2750:Wood, Clare; Kemp, Nenagh; Waldron, Sam (2014).
708:Therefore, context is crucial when interpreting
4340:"Text language risky move in NCEA examinations"
4088:"Wondering What "TMI" Means? Here's the Answer"
2536:Women used more "complex structure" and grammar
2466:Effect on verbal language use and communication
361:styles of writing can be traced to the days of
270:SMS language displayed on a mobile phone screen
3901:"What Does "IMY" Mean, and How Do You Use It?"
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
693:. In another instance, if someone were to use
436:of such languages, especially those using non-
6140:
5643:
5508:
4598:
3177:MA Thesis: Philosophy Stellenbosch University
2890:Reviews and Ratings of SMS Marketing Services
929:The examples and perspective in this section
745:Pictograms and logograms (rebus abbreviation)
8:
4197:International Journal of English Linguistics
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3326:
3324:
3141:
3139:
2854:
2852:
2799:Competitive Social Sciences Research Journal
5356:List of defunct instant messaging platforms
3756:. Cambridge University Press. p. 184.
3505:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3455:
2987:British Journal of Developmental Psychology
2974:. London: Hodder and Stoughton. p. 78.
2756:British Journal of Developmental Psychology
1771:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
77:Learn how and when to remove these messages
6630:
6458:
6173:
6147:
6133:
6125:
5650:
5636:
5628:
5515:
5501:
5493:
5026:
4630:
4605:
4591:
4583:
3533:"Text Abbreviations Used in SMS Messaging"
3453:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3123:
3121:
2793:Sadiq, U.; Ajmal, M.; Suleman, N. (2022).
2389:Effect on verbal language use and literacy
2221:is sometimes considered passive aggressive
1805:
1006:
947:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
521:in interpretation of ambiguous shortenings
4177:Crystal, David (2008). "The joy of txt".
3966:
3955:Journal of Language and Social Psychology
2775:
2674:
2474:Welsh journalist and television reporter
2234:can also signal the end of a conversation
1791:Learn how and when to remove this message
1555:Shaking My Head (disapproval/frustration)
963:Learn how and when to remove this message
254:Learn how and when to remove this message
236:Learn how and when to remove this message
174:Learn how and when to remove this message
3197:
3195:
3193:
2886:"History of Short Message Service (SMS)"
2263:
429:their phone sets are to be distributed.
27:Abbreviated slang used in text messaging
4482:
4113:"L.A. Noire 'Doubt' / Press X To Doubt"
3703:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3259:
3257:
2892:. Best Text Marketing. 16 November 2010
2815:
1399:
468:phones with large screens, swipe-based
3842:. Penguin Books Limited. p. 145.
3677:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3659:
819:Emoji, asterisk emoting, and emoticons
30:For the language with ISO 639-3 code '
4366:
4364:
4362:
4360:
2938:Dabhoiwala, Faramerz (2 April 2016).
2833:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190458898.013.18
807:Capitalization of only the first word
631:and omission of parts of speech": -->
396:SMS language as a multilingual entity
372:in 2016: "modern usages that horrify
7:
4437:
3063:. New York: Oxford University Press.
2533:Women's messages tend to be "longer"
2497:New Zealand Qualifications Authority
2413:. In his book, Crystal argues that:
1769:adding citations to reliable sources
912:Conventional examples and vocabulary
787:Paralinguistic and prosodic features
112:adding citations to reliable sources
3899:Finch, Joshalynne (2 August 2020).
3708:Test your smartphone English skills
3132:. Discourse Analysis Online (DAOL).
3023:Shirali-Shahreza, Mohammad (2007).
2367:Overall observations and criticisms
6977:USA use restrictions while driving
6952:Legality of recording by civilians
3808:(in Italian). Liber. p. 144.
3596:Renard, Erika (31 December 2017),
3031:. Category: Mobile Phone: 666â668.
2911:Radnedge, Aidan (16 August 2011).
2521:According to Norwegian researcher
25:
4455:Vranica, Suzanne (3 April 2008).
4215:"If u cn rd this quickly, gd 4 u"
3610:Peng, Chelsea (3 November 2015).
3311:World Journal of English Language
2249: The exclamation mark symbol
1000:Whole word or phrase abbreviation
691:talk to you later, laugh out loud
58:This article has multiple issues.
7014:
7013:
7002:
6990:
6106:
6094:
6083:
6082:
5778:
4425:Teen txtuality and the txt flirt
3928:– via The Free Dictionary.
2631:English language spelling reform
2204:Used as a reaction to a message
1741:
920:
868:
295:is the abbreviated language and
190:
88:
47:
4324:Is txt mightier than the sword?
4221:. Reuters.com. 10 December 2008
4004:. 15 March 2019. Archived from
3750:Katz, J.E.; Aakhus, M. (2002).
2968:Fisher, John Arbuthnot (1919).
687:talk to you later, lots of love
456:Linguistic properties and style
99:needs additional citations for
66:or discuss these issues on the
3078:. Universiti Brunei Darussalum
1817:Example Usage As Part of Word
1401:Later (often as a valediction)
1016:Abbreviations or SMS language
1:
5601:Padonkaffsky jargon (Russian)
3576:"Translate your txt messages"
2915:. metro.co.uk. Archived from
2859:Huang, Lily (1 August 2008).
1630:THNX, THANKU, THANQ, TKS, TY
1523:Rolling on the Floor Laughing
378:John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher
307:-based communication such as
6997:Telecommunication portal
5586:Lolspeak / LOLspeak / Kitteh
4243:. Blog.oup.com. 10 July 2007
3939:L8R SMS Abbreviation Meaning
3880:. Cambridge University Press
3644:. Cambridge University Press
1497:Original Poster, Overpowered
844:Punctuation, or lack thereof
3725:"Gg definition and meaning"
1353:In My Humble/Honest Opinion
943:, discuss the issue on the
303:, and occasionally through
216:the claims made and adding
7077:
6919:Phantom vibration syndrome
6914:Mental health from overuse
5591:Martian language (Chinese)
3731:. HarperCollins Publishers
2239:
2226:
2213:
828:
822:
472:and increasingly advanced
357:on mobile phones. Similar
29:
6985:
6598:Open-source mobile phones
6461:
6176:
6078:
5776:
5531:
4998:Windows Messenger service
3712:Speak English Center blog
2508:SMS language and identity
1874:Do you want an ice cream?
1449:Nevermind/No Worries Mate
699:oh my god, laugh out loud
5992:Advertising and products
4389:10.1177/1461444812442927
4327:, BBC News, 4 March 2003
4065:dictionary.cambridge.org
3977:10.1177/0261927x06303481
3788:. Motorola. p. 81.
3341:10.1007/1-84628-248-9_22
2999:10.1348/026151008X320507
2735:10.1177/1461444813516832
2706:10.1177/0093650210362465
2360:2mro, 2mo, tmr, or tmrw
1433:Loving The Weather Today
6962:Photography and the law
6957:Mobile phones in prison
4577:SlangLang Abbreviations
4461:The Wall Street Journal
4377:New Media & Society
4291:Berman, Isabel (2006).
3805:Organizing Technologies
3618:. Hearst Communications
3264:Watt, Helen J. (2010).
3202:Muhammad, Shaban Rafi.
3055:Crystal, David (2009).
2723:New Media & Society
1579:So What's Your Problem?
1513:Read the fucking manual
1473:Oh My Gosh/God/Goodness
1345:If I Remember Correctly
1233:Good night/Good morning
703:oh my god, lots of love
418:mobile operating system
5617:Yaminjeongeum (Korean)
4344:The New Zealand Herald
4158:. Mobilemessaging2.com
3285:10.1044/cicsd_36_F_141
2694:Communication Research
2657:Al-Kadi, Abdu (2019).
2395:University of Tasmania
2001:Why are you like this?
1587:Stop What You're Doing
1393:Keep It Simple, Stupid
1008:List of abbreviations
900:Variations in spelling
877:This section is empty.
779:The dialect has a few
709:
569:Variations in spelling
406:
271:
7009:Telephones portal
6972:Texting while driving
6909:External power supply
6608:Windows Phone devices
5576:Jejemon (Philippines)
3168:Freudenberg, Kristy.
2676:10.33200/ijcer.534692
2640:scribal abbreviations
2563:EAT RIGHT 4 YOUR TYPE
2556:Use in advertisements
1811:Word/Syllable/Phoneme
1710:Whatevs or W/E or WE
1651:Too Much Information
1646:TL;DR, TLDR or TL DR
1643:Too Long; Didn't Read
1409:Laugh(ing) My Ass Off
504:composed of initials)
403:
275:Short Message Service
269:
7051:Mobile phone culture
6924:Radiation and health
6240:Standards comparison
5997:Animation and comics
5596:MiguxĂȘs (Portuguese)
5437:Presence information
3878:Cambridge Dictionary
3642:Cambridge Dictionary
2613:Nineteen Eighty-Four
1872:In example sentence
1765:improve this section
1193:For Your Information
941:improve this section
931:may not represent a
538:(rebus abbreviation)
108:improve this article
5866:Padonkaffsky jargon
5561:Fingilish (Persian)
4265:(15 January 2012).
4263:Pullum, Geoffrey K.
4047:www.smart-words.org
3836:Gowers, R. (2016).
3535:. 11 September 2019
3513:. Vodacom Messaging
3420:on 26 December 2010
2949:. London. p. 7
2397:, the evolution of
1807:
1622:THNX or THX or TKS
1417:Laugh(ing) Out Loud
1111:Best Friend Forever
1037:As Soon As Possible
1009:
739:Internet Relay Chat
478:spelling suggestion
438:Latin orthographies
5571:Gyaru-moji (Japan)
5250:Skype for Business
5097:Facebook Messenger
4893:Facebook Messenger
4551:psychological term
4309:nbn:de:0009-7-3726
3784:Plant, S. (2001).
3729:Collins Dictionary
3216:on 11 October 2010
3128:Thurlow, Crispin.
3074:Perrett, Gillian.
3025:"Multilingual SMS"
2768:10.1111/bjdp.12049
2410:Txtng: the Gr8 Db8
1973:What are you doing
1806:
1675:What Are You Doing
1667:You're on Your Own
1659:You Only Live Once
1531:Sealed With a Kiss
1436:LTWT or LWT or LW
1069:Away From Keyboard
1007:
727:language academies
407:
374:linguistic purists
272:
201:possibly contains
7028:
7027:
6967:Telephone tapping
6810:
6809:
6758:Instant messaging
6616:
6615:
6345:
6344:
6122:
6121:
6070:Eternal September
5625:
5624:
5490:
5489:
5344:
5343:
4756:
4755:
4614:Instant messaging
4297:Language@Internet
4008:on 15 March 2019.
3849:978-1-84614-852-1
3815:978-87-630-0239-4
3763:978-0-521-00266-0
3059:Txtng the gr8 db8
2919:on 20 August 2011
2842:978-0-19-045889-8
2491:Use in schoolwork
2364:
2363:
2258:
2208:
2207:
2165:Questions for you
1801:
1800:
1793:
1730:
1729:
1627:Thanks, Thank you
1603:Talk To You Later
1571:Significant Other
1113:Boyfriend Forever
1096:B/C or BCS or BC
973:
972:
965:
897:
896:
831:List of emoticons
804:No capitalization
768:, and the letter
575:, or lack thereof
496:Initializations (
482:instant messaging
382:Winston Churchill
313:instant messaging
264:
263:
256:
246:
245:
238:
203:original research
184:
183:
176:
158:
81:
16:(Redirected from
7068:
7017:
7016:
7007:
7006:
7005:
6995:
6994:
6993:
6904:Electronic waste
6894:BlackBerry thumb
6844:Japanese culture
6631:
6591:iOS jailbreaking
6459:
6381:Operating system
6196:Network operator
6181:Channel capacity
6174:
6149:
6142:
6135:
6126:
6110:
6098:
6086:
6085:
5782:
5680:Creepy treehouse
5652:
5645:
5638:
5629:
5613:(used in phones)
5541:Alay (Indonesia)
5517:
5510:
5503:
5494:
5442:RingCentral Glip
5027:
4631:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4584:
4565:
4547:
4541:
4519:texting language
4487:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4452:
4441:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4420:
4409:
4408:
4383:(8): 1304â1320.
4368:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4192:
4183:
4182:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4152:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4025:
4019:
4016:
4010:
4009:
3998:
3989:
3988:
3970:
3950:
3941:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3856:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3721:
3715:
3705:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3511:"SMS Dictionary"
3507:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3419:
3413:. Archived from
3398:
3389:
3374:
3373:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3328:
3319:
3318:
3306:
3297:
3296:
3270:
3261:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3215:
3209:. Archived from
3208:
3199:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3174:
3165:
3152:
3151:
3143:
3134:
3133:
3125:
3116:
3115:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3052:
3033:
3032:
3020:
3011:
3010:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2947:(Review section)
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2856:
2847:
2846:
2820:
2806:
2789:
2779:
2746:
2717:
2688:
2678:
2620:Cupertino effect
2372:Frequency of use
2264:
2257:
2244:
2235:
2222:
2210:
2187:Originated from
1997:Y R U like this?
1808:
1796:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1776:
1745:
1737:
1715:Where Are You At
1683:What Do You Mean
1611:Tears in My Eyes
1563:Shut The Fuck Up
1385:Just so you know
1209:Get The Fuck Out
1029:As Far As I Know
1024:AIR or Amirite
1010:
976:SMS dictionaries
968:
961:
957:
954:
948:
924:
923:
916:
892:
889:
879:You can help by
872:
865:
757:
756:
752:
671:QWERTY keyboards
639:
638:
634:
592:
591:
587:
411:English language
259:
252:
241:
234:
230:
227:
221:
218:inline citations
194:
193:
186:
179:
172:
168:
165:
159:
157:
116:
92:
84:
73:
51:
50:
43:
33:
21:
7076:
7075:
7071:
7070:
7069:
7067:
7066:
7065:
7031:
7030:
7029:
7024:
7003:
7001:
6991:
6989:
6981:
6933:
6886:
6880:
6806:
6719:
6662:
6658:Cloud computing
6624:
6622:
6612:
6603:Symbian devices
6569:Android devices
6555:
6507:
6498:Satellite phone
6493:Projector phone
6453:
6446:
6351:
6341:
6264:
6169:
6165:
6158:
6153:
6123:
6118:
6074:
6056:
5978:
5875:
5783:
5774:
5661:
5656:
5626:
5621:
5527:
5521:
5491:
5486:
5360:
5340:
5331:Microsoft Teams
5317:
5269:
5166:
5030:Single protocol
5018:
5012:
4953:Textfree/Pinger
4813:Google Messages
4752:
4719:
4671:Signal Protocol
4622:
4616:
4611:
4573:
4568:
4548:
4544:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4475:
4465:
4463:
4454:
4453:
4444:
4436:
4432:
4423:Cadhain, Sean.
4422:
4421:
4412:
4370:
4369:
4358:
4348:
4346:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4275:
4273:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4246:
4244:
4239:
4238:
4234:
4224:
4222:
4213:
4212:
4208:
4194:
4193:
4186:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4161:
4159:
4156:"Messaging 2.0"
4154:
4153:
4149:
4139:
4137:
4131:"2b or not 2b?"
4129:(5 July 2008).
4125:
4124:
4120:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4096:
4094:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4069:
4067:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4013:
4000:
3999:
3992:
3968:10.1.1.951.3579
3952:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3933:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3909:
3907:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3883:
3881:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3734:
3732:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3706:
3657:
3647:
3645:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3621:
3619:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3538:
3536:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3516:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3433:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3396:
3391:
3390:
3377:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3351:
3330:
3329:
3322:
3308:
3307:
3300:
3268:
3263:
3262:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3237:"New Statesman"
3234:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3191:
3181:
3179:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3155:
3145:
3144:
3137:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3114:. 2 March 2021.
3110:
3109:
3105:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3054:
3053:
3036:
3022:
3021:
3014:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2952:
2950:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2922:
2920:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2895:
2893:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2792:
2749:
2720:
2691:
2656:
2653:
2651:Further reading
2579:
2558:
2519:
2510:
2493:
2468:
2463:
2455:
2391:
2386:
2374:
2369:
2246:
2245:
2237:
2236:
2224:
2223:
2211:
2198:Expresses shock
1831:Be or not to be
1797:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1762:
1746:
1735:
1635:To Be Announced
1265:Hugs And Kisses
1257:How I feel when
1249:Have A Nice Day
1169:For fuck's sake
1112:
1102:
1002:
982:lexicographical
978:
969:
958:
952:
949:
938:
925:
921:
914:
902:
893:
887:
884:
863:
846:
833:
827:
821:
798:
789:
758:
754:
750:
748:
747:
735:
733:Reactive tokens
679:
669:featuring full
663:predictive text
640:
636:
632:
630:
629:
609:little old lady
593:
589:
585:
583:
582:
528:Reactive tokens
458:
398:
380:in a letter to
332:
260:
249:
248:
247:
242:
231:
225:
222:
207:
195:
191:
180:
169:
163:
160:
117:
115:
105:
93:
52:
48:
39:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7074:
7072:
7064:
7063:
7061:Text messaging
7058:
7053:
7048:
7046:Internet slang
7043:
7033:
7032:
7026:
7025:
7023:
7022:
7011:
6999:
6986:
6983:
6982:
6980:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6943:
6941:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6899:Driving safety
6896:
6890:
6888:
6882:
6881:
6879:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6862:
6861:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6820:
6818:
6812:
6811:
6808:
6807:
6805:
6804:
6799:
6798:
6797:
6787:
6786:
6785:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6729:
6727:
6721:
6720:
6718:
6717:
6712:
6711:
6710:
6705:
6695:
6694:
6693:
6688:
6678:
6672:
6670:
6664:
6663:
6661:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6639:
6637:
6628:
6618:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6583:
6578:
6577:
6576:
6565:
6563:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6517:
6515:
6509:
6508:
6506:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6462:
6456:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6428:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6410:Text messaging
6407:
6406:
6405:
6395:
6394:
6393:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6372:
6371:
6361:
6355:
6353:
6347:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6313:
6312:
6302:
6297:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6274:
6272:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6236:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6204:
6203:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6177:
6171:
6160:
6159:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6144:
6137:
6129:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6116:
6104:
6092:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6072:
6066:
6064:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5988:
5986:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5885:
5883:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5805:
5804:
5793:
5791:
5785:
5784:
5777:
5775:
5773:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5755:Shadow banning
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5671:
5669:
5663:
5662:
5659:Internet slang
5657:
5655:
5654:
5647:
5640:
5632:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5608:
5606:Pseudo-Chinese
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5524:Internet slang
5522:
5520:
5519:
5512:
5505:
5497:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5462:Videotelephony
5459:
5454:
5452:Status message
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5352:
5350:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5327:
5325:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5279:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5174:
5172:
5171:Multi-protocol
5168:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5042:BBM Enterprise
5039:
5033:
5031:
5024:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4773:BBM Enterprise
4770:
4764:
4762:
4758:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4733:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4695:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4637:
4635:
4628:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4587:
4581:
4580:
4572:
4571:External links
4569:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4557:
4542:
4539:text shorthand
4489:also known as
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4442:
4430:
4410:
4356:
4330:
4314:
4283:
4254:
4232:
4206:
4184:
4169:
4147:
4127:Crystal, David
4118:
4115:. 19 May 2017.
4104:
4077:
4052:
4034:
4020:
4011:
3990:
3961:(3): 299â307.
3942:
3931:
3917:
3891:
3865:
3848:
3828:
3814:
3794:
3776:
3762:
3742:
3716:
3655:
3629:
3602:
3588:
3567:
3546:
3524:
3431:
3409:
3375:
3356:
3349:
3320:
3298:
3253:
3235:Walters, Guy.
3227:
3189:
3153:
3135:
3117:
3103:
3089:
3066:
3034:
3029:Idea Group Inc
3012:
2993:(1): 145â161.
2977:
2960:
2930:
2903:
2877:
2848:
2841:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2790:
2762:(4): 415â429.
2747:
2729:(5): 792â809.
2718:
2700:(3): 420â440.
2689:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2636:Tironian notes
2633:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2583:Internet slang
2578:
2575:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2518:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2492:
2489:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2454:
2451:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2418:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2185:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2159:In a sentence
2157:
2154:
2140:
2139:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2095:
2092:
2082:
2081:
2064:
2061:
2047:
2046:
2025:
2022:
2012:
2011:
1995:In a sentence
1993:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1967:In a sentence
1965:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1939:In a sentence
1937:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1891:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1870:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1851:
1848:
1838:
1837:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1799:
1798:
1749:
1747:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1526:ROFL or ROTFL
1524:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1329:I swear to god
1326:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:I Know, Right?
1302:
1301:
1298:
1297:I have no idea
1294:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1001:
998:
977:
974:
971:
970:
935:of the subject
933:worldwide view
928:
926:
919:
913:
910:
901:
898:
895:
894:
875:
873:
862:
859:
845:
842:
829:Main article:
823:Main article:
820:
817:
812:
811:
808:
805:
797:
796:Capitalization
794:
788:
785:
746:
743:
734:
731:
701:as opposed to
697:they may mean
689:as opposed to
685:they may mean
678:
675:
661:The advent of
628:
625:
601:laugh out loud
581:
578:
577:
576:
570:
566:
565:
564:
563:
558:
556:Capitalization
550:
549:
542:Paralinguistic
539:
529:
525:
524:
523:
522:
509:
508:
505:
464:The advent of
457:
454:
405:abbreviations.
397:
394:
340:text messaging
331:
328:
301:text messaging
262:
261:
244:
243:
198:
196:
189:
182:
181:
123:"SMS language"
96:
94:
87:
82:
56:
55:
53:
46:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7073:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7041:Brevity codes
7039:
7038:
7036:
7021:
7012:
7010:
7000:
6998:
6988:
6987:
6984:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6944:
6942:
6940:
6936:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6891:
6889:
6883:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6821:
6819:
6817:
6813:
6803:
6800:
6796:
6793:
6792:
6791:
6788:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6730:
6728:
6726:
6722:
6716:
6713:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6699:
6696:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6683:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6669:
6665:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6640:
6638:
6636:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6619:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6581:BlackBerry 10
6579:
6575:
6572:
6571:
6570:
6567:
6566:
6564:
6562:
6558:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6514:
6510:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6488:Feature phone
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6467:Manufacturers
6464:
6463:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6449:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6412:
6411:
6408:
6404:
6403:airplane mode
6401:
6400:
6399:
6396:
6392:
6391:phone cloning
6389:
6388:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6370:
6367:
6366:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6348:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6271:
6267:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6202:
6199:
6198:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6178:
6175:
6172:
6167:
6161:
6157:
6156:Mobile phones
6150:
6145:
6143:
6138:
6136:
6131:
6130:
6127:
6115:
6114:
6109:
6105:
6103:
6102:
6097:
6093:
6091:
6090:
6081:
6080:
6077:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6059:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6042:Miscellaneous
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5985:
5981:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5882:
5878:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5786:
5781:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5745:Script kiddie
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5690:Cyberstalking
5688:
5686:
5685:Cyberbullying
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5653:
5648:
5646:
5641:
5639:
5634:
5633:
5630:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5581:Leet ("1337")
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5530:
5525:
5518:
5513:
5511:
5506:
5504:
5499:
5498:
5495:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5467:Voice over IP
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5432:LAN messenger
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5363:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5324:
5320:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5288:Conversations
5286:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5275:XMPP (Jabber)
5272:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5015:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4749:
4746:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4619:
4615:
4608:
4603:
4601:
4596:
4594:
4589:
4588:
4585:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4486:
4483:
4477:
4462:
4458:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4434:
4431:
4426:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4345:
4341:
4334:
4331:
4326:
4325:
4318:
4315:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4287:
4284:
4272:
4268:
4267:"Waterstones"
4264:
4258:
4255:
4242:
4236:
4233:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4207:
4202:
4198:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4180:
4173:
4170:
4157:
4151:
4148:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4122:
4119:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4093:
4089:
4081:
4078:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4053:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4030:
4024:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3935:
3932:
3927:
3921:
3918:
3906:
3902:
3895:
3892:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3851:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3832:
3829:
3817:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3777:
3765:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3746:
3743:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3617:
3613:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3592:
3589:
3577:
3571:
3568:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3512:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3416:
3412:
3410:972-8939-02-7
3406:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3357:
3352:
3350:1-85233-931-4
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3312:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3242:
3241:New Statesman
3238:
3231:
3228:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3150:(7): 165â188.
3149:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3077:
3070:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2981:
2978:
2973:
2972:
2964:
2961:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2934:
2931:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2904:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2816:
2810:
2805:(1): 194â201.
2804:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2564:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2516:
2514:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2476:John Humphrys
2472:
2465:
2460:
2458:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2405:David Crystal
2402:
2400:
2396:
2388:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2378:David Crystal
2371:
2366:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1854:See you later
1852:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1795:
1792:
1784:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1750:This section
1748:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1732:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1699:What The Hell
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:What The Fuck
1690:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1658:
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1618:
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1605:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1547:See You Later
1546:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1499:
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1471:
1467:
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1459:
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1392:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1361:In My Opinion
1360:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1328:
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1259:
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1247:
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1232:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1201:Fuck You Mean
1200:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1151:
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1144:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1085:Be Right Back
1084:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1053:At The Moment
1052:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1013:Words in full
1012:
1011:
1005:
999:
997:
993:
991:
986:
983:
975:
967:
964:
956:
946:
942:
936:
934:
927:
918:
917:
911:
909:
906:
899:
891:
888:February 2022
882:
878:
874:
871:
867:
866:
860:
858:
854:
851:
850:David Crystal
843:
841:
837:
832:
826:
818:
816:
809:
806:
803:
802:
801:
795:
793:
786:
784:
782:
777:
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771:
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763:
753:
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742:
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730:
728:
724:
719:
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713:
712:
706:
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664:
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579:
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547:
543:
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516:
513:
512:
511:
510:
506:
503:
502:abbreviations
499:
495:
494:
493:
489:
487:
484:systems like
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:input methods
467:
462:
455:
453:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
434:anglicization
430:
427:
426:orthographies
423:
420:(OS) such as
419:
414:
412:
402:
395:
393:
391:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
370:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
343:
341:
336:
329:
327:
325:
321:
320:2G technology
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
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286:
282:
281:
276:
268:
258:
255:
240:
237:
229:
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199:This article
197:
188:
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178:
175:
167:
156:
153:
149:
146:
142:
139:
135:
132:
128:
125: â
124:
120:
119:Find sources:
113:
109:
103:
102:
97:This article
95:
91:
86:
85:
80:
78:
71:
70:
65:
64:
59:
54:
45:
44:
41:
37:
19:
6870:
6824:Box breaking
6795:address book
6648:Distribution
6513:Form factors
6478:Camera phone
6465:
6442:Web browsing
6293:
6277:
6112:
6100:
6088:
5611:SMS language
5610:
5447:SMS language
5446:
5407:File sharing
5397:Contact list
5072:HCL Sametime
4978:VK Messenger
4848:IRC Networks
4545:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4485:
4464:. Retrieved
4460:
4433:
4424:
4380:
4376:
4347:. Retrieved
4343:
4333:
4323:
4317:
4300:
4296:
4286:
4274:. Retrieved
4271:Language Log
4270:
4257:
4245:. Retrieved
4235:
4223:. Retrieved
4218:
4209:
4200:
4196:
4178:
4172:
4160:. Retrieved
4150:
4138:. Retrieved
4135:The Guardian
4134:
4121:
4107:
4095:. Retrieved
4091:
4080:
4068:. Retrieved
4064:
4055:
4046:
4037:
4023:
4014:
4006:the original
3958:
3954:
3934:
3920:
3908:. Retrieved
3904:
3894:
3882:. Retrieved
3877:
3868:
3860:
3853:. Retrieved
3838:
3831:
3819:. Retrieved
3804:
3797:
3789:
3785:
3779:
3767:. Retrieved
3752:
3745:
3733:. Retrieved
3728:
3719:
3646:. Retrieved
3641:
3632:
3620:. Retrieved
3616:Marie Claire
3615:
3605:
3597:
3591:
3579:. Retrieved
3570:
3558:. Retrieved
3549:
3539:11 September
3537:. Retrieved
3527:
3515:. Retrieved
3422:. Retrieved
3415:the original
3400:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3332:
3314:
3310:
3276:
3272:
3244:. Retrieved
3240:
3230:
3218:. Retrieved
3211:the original
3180:. Retrieved
3176:
3147:
3106:
3092:
3080:. Retrieved
3069:
3058:
3028:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2970:
2963:
2951:. Retrieved
2945:The Guardian
2943:
2933:
2921:. Retrieved
2917:the original
2906:
2894:. Retrieved
2889:
2880:
2868:. Retrieved
2864:
2824:
2818:
2802:
2798:
2759:
2755:
2726:
2722:
2697:
2693:
2666:
2662:
2611:
2588:Cyberculture
2571:
2567:
2562:
2559:
2527:Richard Ling
2523:Richard Ling
2520:
2511:
2502:
2494:
2485:
2473:
2469:
2456:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2375:
2355:
2345:
2335:
2325:
2315:
2305:
2295:
2285:
2275:
2260:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2238:
2231:
2225:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2179:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2116:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1987:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1959:
1952:
1948:
1945:How are you?
1944:
1940:
1931:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1886:enjoy or end
1885:
1877:
1873:
1864:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1814:Letter/Digit
1802:
1787:
1778:
1763:Please help
1751:
1723:Works For Me
1595:Such A Laugh
1465:Not a Number
1377:Just Kidding
1337:In Real Life
1281:I Don't Know
1273:I don't care
1268:HAK or XOXO
1129:Broken Heart
1003:
994:
987:
979:
959:
950:
930:
907:
903:
885:
881:adding to it
876:
855:
847:
838:
834:
813:
799:
790:
778:
773:
769:
765:
759:
736:
720:
707:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
680:
660:
655:
651:
647:
643:
641:
620:
616:
612:
608:
605:lots of love
604:
600:
596:
594:
490:
474:autocomplete
463:
459:
450:
431:
415:
408:
386:
384:, in 1917".
369:The Guardian
367:
363:telegraphese
344:
333:
317:
292:
288:
284:
278:
274:
273:
250:
232:
223:
200:
170:
161:
151:
144:
137:
130:
118:
106:Please help
101:verification
98:
74:
67:
61:
60:Please help
57:
40:
7056:Online chat
6885:Environment
6859:silent mode
6703:contactless
6686:advertising
6643:Development
6561:Smartphones
6270:Generations
6186:Frequencies
5949:Rickrolling
5750:Shitposting
5725:Little Pink
5372:Backchannel
5260:Thunderbird
4808:Google Meet
4803:Google Chat
4466:27 February
4247:24 February
4225:20 December
4162:20 December
4070:4 September
3910:26 February
3905:How-To Geek
3424:27 February
3279:: 141â148.
3246:20 December
3220:27 February
2923:20 December
2870:20 December
1508:PLZ or PLS
1316:ILU or ILY
1185:For The Win
1161:Don't worry
1145:Bye For Now
1101:Best Friend
781:hieroglyphs
667:smartphones
615:could mean
599:could mean
573:Punctuation
466:touchscreen
7035:Categories
6947:Carrier IQ
6887:and health
6802:Television
6653:Management
6546:Smartwatch
6503:Smartphone
6191:Multi-band
6113:Wiktionary
6002:Challenges
5881:Imageboard
5735:Sealioning
5556:DoggoLingo
5412:FirstClass
5283:ChatSecure
5223:Miranda NG
5107:Retroshare
5021:comparison
4898:The Palace
4888:Mattermost
4883:Marco Polo
4666:Retroshare
4625:comparison
3884:26 January
3855:26 January
3821:26 January
3769:26 January
3735:26 January
3648:26 January
3598:short text
3372:: 107â139.
2811:References
2529:observes:
2453:Efficiency
2340:cu or cya
2189:L.A. Noire
1781:April 2023
1542:CU or CYA
1489:On The Way
1457:No problem
1321:I Miss You
1313:I Love You
1289:I Hate You
1217:Girlfriend
1137:By The Way
1061:...as fuck
1021:Am I Right
665:input and
644:dictionary
532:Pictograms
515:Pragmatics
390:homophonic
359:elliptical
351:chat rooms
226:April 2023
210:improve it
164:April 2023
134:newspapers
63:improve it
36:Skolt SĂĄmi
6929:Recycling
6876:Wallpaper
6854:Ringtones
6715:Ticketing
6691:campaigns
6681:Marketing
6483:Car phone
6398:Telephony
6352:operation
6245:Tethering
6170:protocols
5914:goatse.cx
5894:Anonymous
5789:Chatspeak
5720:Keylogger
5566:Greeklish
5546:Denglisch
5255:Telepathy
5198:Centericq
5062:Gadu-Gadu
4858:KakaoTalk
4621:Protocols
4523:txt lingo
4499:chatspeak
4491:txt-speak
4438:Ling 2005
4397:1461-4448
4179:Spotlight
3985:144254798
3963:CiteSeerX
3622:24 August
2685:195794891
2669:: 29â39.
2644:ligatures
2593:Leetspeak
2480:ambiguity
2296:wonderful
1969:?RU doing
1921:oh my god
1869:k (or kk)
1752:does not
1225:Good Game
1103:Boyfriend
953:July 2021
945:talk page
772:replaces
716:languages
683:ttyl, lol
561:Emoticons
536:logograms
392:quality.
355:keyboards
214:verifying
69:talk page
18:Textspeak
7020:Category
6763:Learning
6743:Gambling
6733:Blogging
6708:donating
6698:Payments
6668:Commerce
6626:software
6623:specific
6473:3D phone
6437:Tracking
6386:Security
6369:services
6359:Features
6310:adoption
6278:Analogue
6260:XHTML-MP
6233:SIM lock
6223:dual SIM
6218:SIM card
6166:networks
6089:Category
6032:Politics
5964:Tripcode
5944:Pedobear
5797:Emoticon
5760:Spamming
5740:Phishing
5700:Edgelord
5526:variants
5472:Web chat
5457:U-Report
5427:Hall.com
5422:Fuze Box
5402:Emoticon
5377:Chat log
5365:See also
5265:Trillian
5245:QIP 2010
5218:Messages
5152:WhatsApp
5132:Telegram
5112:Ricochet
5102:Palringo
5092:Linphone
5057:FaceTime
5037:Baidu Hi
4988:WhatsApp
4968:Trillian
4943:Telegram
4928:Snapchat
4903:Palringo
4838:iMessage
4788:DingTalk
4761:Services
4535:txt talk
4531:txtslang
4349:15 March
4276:18 March
4241:"DCBLOG"
4181:: 16â21.
4140:25 March
4092:Lifewire
3581:22 March
3560:22 March
3517:16 March
3366:Spectrum
3293:12825749
3182:19 March
3082:18 March
3007:19972666
2971:Memories
2896:18 March
2865:Newsweek
2786:24923868
2714:46309911
2608:Newspeak
2577:See also
2461:Negative
2384:Positive
2356:tomorrow
2173:Question
2171:becomes
2163:meaning
2152:Question
2135:becomes
2127:becomes
2108:becomes
2100:becomes
2077:becomes
2069:becomes
2042:becomes
2030:becomes
2007:becomes
1999:meaning
1979:becomes
1971:meaning
1951:becomes
1943:meaning
1923:becomes
1904:becomes
1896:becomes
1856:becomes
1833:becomes
1707:Whatever
1177:For Real
939:You may
695:omg, lol
654:becomes
652:keyboard
646:becomes
621:cryin(g)
548:features
546:prosodic
498:acronyms
486:WhatsApp
442:Cyrillic
305:Internet
285:language
6871:Txt-spk
6816:Culture
6725:Content
6676:Banking
6574:rooting
6531:Phablet
6454:devices
6376:History
6350:General
6294:Digital
6208:Roaming
5969:Weeaboo
5959:Rule 63
5954:Rule 34
5871:Sexting
5730:Malware
5710:Griefer
5705:Flaming
5536:Arabizi
5387:Circuit
5382:Chatbot
5349:Defunct
5308:Tkabber
5228:Nimbuzz
5193:BitlBee
5117:Session
5067:GroupMe
5052:Element
5017:Clients
4958:Threema
4908:Session
4828:HipChat
4823:Guilded
4818:GroupMe
4798:Element
4793:Discord
4661:MTProto
4405:5469636
4219:Reuters
3370:6&7
2953:8 April
2777:4265847
2626:Jejemon
2603:Sexting
2424:" and "
2399:textese
2346:for you
2336:see you
2326:someone
2286:you are
2267:Word(s)
1835:b||!=2b
1773:removed
1758:sources
1539:See You
1441:Message
1132:</3
1121:Between
1093:Because
990:Vodacom
723:grammar
711:textese
519:context
422:Symbian
330:History
293:textese
289:textism
208:Please
148:scholar
34:', see
7018:
6866:Selfie
6849:Novels
6839:Dating
6834:Comics
6829:Charms
6790:Social
6778:Search
6753:Health
6748:Gaming
6621:Mobile
6586:iPhone
6536:Slider
6452:Mobile
6213:Signal
6164:Mobile
6101:Portal
6062:Usenet
6037:Videos
6022:Images
6017:Gaming
5934:O RLY?
5929:Newbie
5919:Lolcat
5765:Tankie
5715:Hacker
5695:Doxing
5675:Baizuo
5482:Yammer
5477:Webcam
5313:Xabber
5233:Pidgin
5213:Kopete
5203:eBuddy
5188:Beeper
5147:WeChat
5122:Signal
5087:Jongla
4983:WeChat
4913:Signal
4853:Jongla
4778:Beeper
4724:Closed
4715:Zephyr
4703:Jingle
4686:SIMPLE
4656:Matrix
4527:SMSish
4507:txtspk
4495:txtese
4403:
4395:
4097:9 June
3983:
3965:
3926:"IIUC"
3846:
3812:
3760:
3714:, 2014
3407:
3347:
3291:
3005:
2839:
2784:
2774:
2743:424414
2741:
2712:
2683:
2306:before
2300:1drfl
2106:afford
2098:forget
2040:no one
2028:anyone
1858:CU l8r
1619:Thanks
1550:CUL8R
1505:Please
1481:On god
1428:<3
1236:GN/GM
1153:Chicks
1032:AFAIK
749:": -->
648:dctnry
617:crayon
611:, and
584:": -->
150:
143:
136:
129:
121:
6783:local
6768:Music
6738:Email
6541:Slate
6052:TL;DR
6027:Music
6007:Email
5984:Memes
5899:-chan
5889:4chan
5824:Owned
5809:Emoji
5770:Troll
5667:Abuse
5417:Flock
5336:Skype
5303:Spark
5293:Gajim
5238:Finch
5208:Jitsi
5183:Ayttm
5178:Adium
5157:Wickr
5127:Skype
5047:Briar
5008:Zulip
4993:Wickr
4973:Viber
4938:Tango
4923:Slack
4918:Skype
4873:Libon
4748:Skype
4736:OSCAR
4478:Notes
4401:S2CID
3981:S2CID
3418:(PDF)
3397:(PDF)
3289:S2CID
3269:(PDF)
3214:(PDF)
3207:(PDF)
3173:(PDF)
2739:S2CID
2710:S2CID
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