225:. The Director of the Prison, Francois, refused to give up the Archbishop without a specific order from the Commune. Genton sent a deputy back to Ferré to seek this. Ferré replied with the order, writing "and especially the archbishop" on the bottom of his note. The six hostages were then taken out into the courtyard of the prison, lined up against the wall, and shot. Defenders of the Commune later justified the action of Ferré as an act of retaliation for the summary executions carried out by the French Army during Bloody Week.
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217:. By the 24 May, the resistance of the Commune was starting to disintegrate. A delegation of National Guardsmen, led by Gustave Genton, a member of the Committee of Public Safety, came to the new headquarters of the Commune at the city hall of the 11th arrondissement and demanded the immediate execution of the hostages held at the prison of La Roquette. The new prosecutor of the Commune, Ferré hesitated and then wrote a note authorizing the executions.
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Genton asked for volunteers to serve as a firing squad, and went to the La
Roquette prison, where many of the hostages were being held. Genton selected six names from the list of hostages, including Georges Darboy, the Abbe Deguerry, Bonjean (président de chambre à la Cour de cassation), and Allard,
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Paris was taken over by the revolutionary, Commune government in March 1871. Ferré served on the
Commune's Committee of Public Safety, a body given extensive powers to hunt down enemies of the Commune. He was also briefly in charge of the revolutionary police force.
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On April 5, the
Commune passed a decree that authorized the arrest of any person thought to be loyal to the French government in Versailles, those arrested were to be held as "hostages of the people of Paris". These included
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Ferré was later captured by French government forces. He was tried and sentenced to death at a court martial in August 1871. Early on the morning of the 28 November, he was executed by firing squad, alongside
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and Pierre
Bourgeois, former French Army members who had defected to the Commune. Ferré declined a blindfold, but was only wounded by the firing squad's volley. He was killed by a single shot fired as a
250:, was deeply in love with Théophile Ferré. Both were from the same district: Montmartre. Both took the same defiant attitude at their trial, as described by Lissagaray in his
194:, a revolutionary and honorary President of the Commune, who had been arrested by the French government on March 15. However, the provisional head of the French government,
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120:, the archbishop of Paris, and five other hostages, on 24 May 1871. He was captured by the army, tried by a military court, and was shot at
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124:(an army camp southwest of Versailles). He was the first of twenty-five Commune members to be executed for their role in the Paris Commune.
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There are few known facts on Ferré's early life, although he may have worked as a law clerk. He was a follower of the revolutionary
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On 21 May, French government forces entered Paris. This heralded a period of heavy fighting between government troops and
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254:(Bruxelles: Kistemaeckers ed, 1876), and both were eventually buried (Michel died in 1905) in the same cemetery.
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379:(1876) Paris: Librairie Marcel Rivière - Bibliothèque des Sciences Politiques et Sociales, 1947
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240:. Gustave Genton was also executed for his role in the killing of the hostages.
190:, and several hundred others. The Commune hoped to exchange their hostages for
332:
Milza. Pierre, "La
Commune", Paris, Perrin, March and April 2009, pp. 403-404
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and in July 1870, he was tried for being part of a plot to assassinate
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refused any negotiation with the
Commune for the release of hostages.
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140:, but he was acquitted because of a lack of evidence. During the
246:, the famed "Red Virgin" of the Commune celebrated in a poem by
112:(6 May 1845 – 28 November 1871) was one of the members of the
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Ordering the execution of hostages of the Paris
Commune
209:("Bloody Week") with Government troops carrying out
359:. No. 27234. London. Nov 30, 1871. p. 12.
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274:, Presses Universitaires de France, (1988), (
213:of captured National Guardsmen and suspected
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150:(the Montmartre Committee of Vigilance).
321:Marx: The First International and After
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221:Clerc, Ducoudray, three members of the
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415:Burials at Levallois-Perret Cemetery
116:. He authorized the executions of
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323:, p. 230, The Civil War in France
186:, Abbé Deguerry, the curé of the
147:Comité de vigilance de Montmartre
16:French revolutionary (1845–1871)
166:portrait of Théophile Ferré by
386:Paris: Champs Flammarion, 1978
376:Histoire de la Commune de 1871
343:Histoire de la Commune de 1871
252:Histoire de la Commune de 1871
110:Théophile Charles Gilles Ferré
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341:Lissagaray, Prosper-Olivier,
373:Prosper Olivier Lissagaray:
345:(1876) La Decouverte, 2005.
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384:Dictionnaire de la Commune
355:"The Recent Executions".
296:"Charles-Théophile Ferré"
83:Levallois-Perret Cemetery
28:
300:Encycleopedia Britannica
144:, he was elected to the
430:Executed French people
410:Politicians from Paris
319:Fernbach, David (ed.)
205:that was known as the
188:Église de la Madeleine
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35:Théophile Ferré (1871)
192:Louis-Auguste Blanqui
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134:Louis-Auguste Blanqui
420:People of Montmartre
270:Rougerie, Jacques,
184:archbishop of Paris
272:La Commune de 1871
211:summary executions
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138:Louis Napoleon III
435:French socialists
280:978-2-13-062078-5
207:Semaine sanglante
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63:November 28, 1871
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203:National Guards
168:Félix Vallotton
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303:. Retrieved
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65:(1871-11-28)
405:1871 deaths
400:1845 births
248:Victor Hugo
101:Marie Ferré
51:May 6, 1845
425:Communards
394:Categories
305:12 October
258:References
215:Communards
128:Early life
47:1845-05-06
357:The Times
97:Relatives
162:An 1897
103:(sister)
73:, France
368:Sources
164:woodcut
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182:, the
122:Satory
71:Satory
54:Paris
307:2014
276:ISBN
60:Died
41:Born
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