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the boat, whereas
Jeanneret observes that his companions focus instead on their colourful appearance while they are still frozen, hurrying to gather as many up as they can and offering to sell those they have collected. The pilot describes the words as evidence of a great battle, and the narrator even wants to preserve some of the finest insults in oil. Jeanneret observes that Pantagruel considers the exchange of words to be an act of love rather than a commercial exchange, argues that their artificial preservation is superfluous, and "insinuates that books are petrified tombs, where the signs threaten to stop moving and, left to the devices of lazy readers, get shriveled down into simplistic meanings" implying that "ll writing carries within it the danger of the Decretals."
650:
907:, M. Alcofribas narrates the Abbey of Thélème, built by the giant Gargantua. It differs markedly from the monastic norm, since it is open to both monks and nuns and has a swimming pool, maid service, and no clocks in sight. Only the good-looking are permitted to enter. The inscription at the gate first specifies who is not welcome: hypocrites, bigots, the pox-ridden, Goths, Magoths, straw-chewing law clerks, usurious grinches, old or officious judges, and burners of heretics. When the members are defined positively, the text becomes more inviting:
1762:, a Latin term applying to a young man under thirty, but scholars note this may well be a mark of modesty when addressing an elder humanist. Researchers agree more on 1483, due to a copy of his epitaph indicating his death on April 9, 1553 at the age of 70. The discovery of a notarial document relating to Rabelais' estate dated March 14, 1553 has led scholars to surmise that he was already dead by this date. A third hypothesis put forward by Claude Bougreau deduces from a study of the chapter 39 of the Third Book that he was born on May 5, 1489.
680:, which led Francis I to issue an edict forbidding all printing in France. Only the influence of the du Bellays allowed the printing presses to run again. In May, Jean du Bellay was named cardinal, and still with a diplomatic mission for Francis I, had Rabelais join him in Rome. During this time, Rabelais was also working for Geoffroy d'Estissac's interests and maintained a correspondence with him through diplomatic channels (under royal seal as far as Poitiers). Three letters from Rabelais have survived. On 17 January 1536, Paul III issued a
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1081:, the protagonists decide to set sail in search of a discussion with the Oracle of the Divine Bottle. The last chapters are focused on the praise of Pantagruelion, which combines properties of linen and hemp—a plant used in the 16th century for both the hangman's rope and medicinal purposes, being copiously loaded onto the ships. As a naturalist inspired by
1277:... a revolutionary who attacked all the past, Scholasticism, the monks; his religion is scarcely more than that of a spiritually minded pagan. Less bold in political matters, he cared little for liberty; his ideal was a tyrant who loves peace. His vocabulary is rich and picturesque, but licentious and filthy. As a whole it exercises a baneful influence.
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money; and second, it allowed him to respond to those who considered his work blasphemous. While the prologue denounced slanderers, the following chapters did not raise any polemical issues. Already it contained some of the best-known episodes, including the storm at sea and
Panurge's sheep. It was framed as an erratic odyssey, inspired both by the
597:. Pantagruelism is an "eat, drink and be merry" philosophy, which led his books into disfavor with the theologians but brought them popular success and the admiration of later critics for their focus on the body. This first book, critical of the existing monastic and educational system, contains the first known occurrence in French of the words
1201:. Rabelais criticised what he considered to be inauthentic Christian positions by both Catholics and Protestants, and was attacked and portrayed as a threat to religion or even an atheist by both. For example, "at the request of Catholic theologians, all four Pantagrueline chronicles were censured by either the
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and mis-translation was the fruit of the printing press having been invented less than a hundred years earlier. A doctor by trade, Rabelais was a prolific reader, who wrote a great deal about bodies and all they excrete or ingest. His fictional works are filled with multilingual, often sexual, puns,
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appeared for the year 1533 from the press of
Rabelais' publisher François Juste. It contained the name "Maître Alcofribas" in its full title. The popular almanacs continued irregularly until the final 1542 edition, which was prepared for the "perpetual year". From 1537, they were printed at the end
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His book is an enigma, it is whatever you want to say, it is inexplicable, it is a chimera ….. a monstrous assembling of refined and ingenious morality and foul corruption. Either it is bad, sinking far below the worst, to have the charm of the rabble. Or it is good, rising as far as exquisite and
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being used as toilet paper, targets, cones, and masks on whatever they touch was due to their misuse as material objects. As the merry crew sail on from the island towards the Divine Bottle, in the subsequent episode, Pantagruel is content simply listening to the thawing words as they rain down on
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The more reflective tone shows the characters' evolution from the earlier tomes. Here
Panurge is not as crafty as Pantagruel and is stubborn in his will to turn every sign to his advantage, refusing to listen to advice he had himself sought out. For example, when Her Trippa reads dark omens in his
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In contrast to the two preceding chronicles, the dialogue between the characters is much more developed than the plot elements in the third book. In particular, the central question of the book, which
Panurge and Pantagruel consider from multiple points of view, is an abstract one: whether Panurge
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and the
Gargantua mentioned in the Prologue refers not to Rabelais' own work but to storybooks that were being sold at the Lyon fairs in the early 1530s. In the first chapter of the earliest book, Pantagruel's lineage is listed back 60 generations to a giant named Chalbroth. The narrator dismisses
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Timothy
Hampton writes that "to a degree unequaled by the case of any other writer from the European Renaissance, the reception of Rabelais's work has involved dispute, critical disagreement, and ... scholarly wrangling ..." In particular, as pointed out by Bruno Braunrot, the traditional view of
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Although most chapters are humorous, wildly fantastic and frequently absurd, a few relatively serious passages have become famous for expressing humanistic ideals of the time. In particular, the chapters on
Gargantua's boyhood and Gargantua's paternal letter to Pantagruel present a quite detailed
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saw
Rabelais as a representative of the numerous moderate evangelical humanists who, while "critical of contemporary Catholic institutions, doctrines, and conduct", did not go far enough; in addition, Calvin considered Rabelais' apparent mocking tone to be especially dangerous, since it could be
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while still in Metz. He dropped off a manuscript containing eleven chapters and ending mid-sentence in Lyon on his way to Rome to work as
Cardinal du Bellay's personal physician in 1548. According to Jean Plattard, this publication served two purposes: first, it brought Rabelais some much-needed
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The French Renaissance was a time of linguistic contact and debate. The first book of French, rather than Latin, grammar was published in 1530, followed nine years later by the language's first dictionary. Spelling was far less codified. Rabelais, as an educated reader of the day, preferred
539:. In 1537 he returned to Montpellier to pay the fees to obtain his licence to practice medicine (April 3) and obtained his doctorate the following month (May 22). Upon his return to Lyon in the summer, he gave an anatomy lesson at Lyon's Hôtel-Dieu using the corpse of a hanged man, which
1197:, and favoured classical Antiquity over the "barbarous" Middle Ages, believing in the need for reform to return science and arts to their classical blossoming, and theology and the Church to their original Evangelical form as expressed in the Gospels. In particular, he was critical of
1222:" culture. At present, however, "whatever controversy still surrounds Rabelais studies can be found above all in the application of feminist theories to Rabelais criticism", as he is alternately considered a misogynist or a feminist based on different episodes in his works.
1120:)—who would later convert to Protestantism and be excommunicated. Rabelais thanks the Cardinal for his help in the prefatory letter signed 28 January 1552 and, for the first time in the Pantagruel series, titled the prologue in his own name rather than using a pseudonym.
389:, where a Rabelais museum can be found today. The exact dates of his birth (c. 1483–1494) and death (1553) are unknown, but most scholars accept his likely birthdate as being 1483. His education was likely typical of the late medieval period: beginning with the
3294:, p. 20, "Mais le livre, insinue Pantagruel, est un tombeau pétrifié, où les signes menacent de s'immobiliser et, abandonnés à des lecteurs indolents, de se recroqueviller en significations simplistes. Tout écrit porte en soi le péril des Décrétales"
1074:) from which he seems to suffer. His erudition is more often put to work for pedantry than let to settle into wisdom. By contrast, Pantagruel's speech gains in weightiness by the third book, the exuberance of the young giant having faded.
718:. It was at this time that his two children were legitimized by Paul III, the same year that his third child (Théodule) died in Lyon at the age of two. Rabelais also spent some time lying low, under periodic threat of being condemned of
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epidemic had raged through Europe for over 30 years when the book was published, even the king of France was reputed to have been infected. Etion was the first giant in Pantagruel's list of ancestors to suffer from the disease.
623:, which dealt with the life and exploits of Pantagruel's father Gargantua, and which was more infused with the politics of the day and overtly favorable to the monarchy than the preceding volume had been. The 1534 re-edition of
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forbade him to work as a doctor or surgeon. J. Lesellier surmises that it was during the time he spent in Paris from 1528 to 1530 that two of his three children (François and Junie) were born. After Paris, Rabelais went to the
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banned the study of Greek in 1523, believing that it encouraged "personal interpretation" of the New Testament. As a result, both Lamy and Rabelais had their Greek books confiscated. Frustrated by the ban, Rabelais petitioned
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suspended the sale of The Fourth Book, published in 1552, despite Henry II having accorded him the royal privilege. This suspension proved ineffective, for the time being, as the king reiterated his support for the book.
1024:. He consults authorities vested with revealed knowledge, like the sibyl of Panzoust or the mute Nazdecabre, profane acquaintances, like the theologian Hippothadée or the philosopher Trouillogan, and even the jester
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as to whether Rabelais intentionally hid higher meanings in his work, to be discovered through erudition and philology, or if instead the polyvalence of symbols was a poetic device meant to resist the reductive
665:, he was accompanied by Rabelais, who worked as his secretary and personal physician until his return in April. During his stay, Rabelais found the city fascinating and decided to bring out a new edition of
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relates the adventures of Gargantua and his son Pantagruel. The tales are adventurous and erudite, festive and gross, ecumenical, and rarely—if ever—solemn for long. The first book, chronologically, was
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Rabelais as a humanist has been challenged by early post-structuralist analyses denying a single consistent ideological message of his text, and to some extent earlier by Marxist critiques such as
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was condemned by the Sorbonne, like the previous tomes. In it, Rabelais revisited discussions he had had while working as a secretary to Geoffroy d'Estissac earlier in Fontenay–le–Comte, where
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2569:, p. 24: "il est maintenant établi que Rabelais mourut avant le 14 mars 1553, comme le prouve la pièce notariale qui instaure comme légataire son frère Jamet, marchand à Chinon."
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Traditionally, the death date of Rabelais has been given as 9 April 1553 but the discovery of a notarial document (concerning his brother) places Rabelais' death before 14 March 1553.
315:, Rabelais treated the great questions of his time in his novels. Assessments of his life and work have evolved over time depending on dominant paradigms of thought. Rabelais admired
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from the world of Rabelais. He points to the historical loss of communal spirit after the Medieval period and speaks of carnival laughter as an "expression of social consciousness".
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No clear evidence establishes when Jean du Bellay and Rabelais met. Nevertheless, when du Bellay was sent to Rome in January 1534 to convince Pope Clément VII not to excommunicate
527:, and wrote a famous admiring letter to Erasmus to accompany the transmission of a Greek manuscript from the printer. Gryphius published Rabelais' translations and annotations of
1780:"those books he brings me the works of Master Francois somebody supposed to be a priest about a child born out of her ear because her bumgut fell out a nice word for any priest".
1301:
850:—stating that Hurtaly (the giant reigning during the flood and a great fan of soup) simply rode the Ark like a kid on a rocking horse, or like a fat Swiss guy on a cannon.
1112:'s voyage to Canada. The full version appeared in 1552, after Rabelais received a royal privilege on 6 Aug 1550 for the exclusive right to publish his work in French,
734:, then a theological college. Only the protection of du Bellay saved Rabelais after the condemnation of his novel by the Sorbonne. In June 1543 Rabelais became a
1048:. One of the comic features of the story is the contradictory interpretations Pantagruel and Panurge get embroiled in, the first of which being the paradoxical
323:. He was critical of medieval scholasticism, lampooning the abuses of powerful princes and popes, opposing them with Greco-Roman learning and popular culture.
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should marry or not. Torn between the desire for a wife and the fear of being cuckolded, Panurge engages in divinatory methods, like dream interpretation and
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absurd creatures, bawdy songs and lists. Words and metaphors from Rabelais abound in modern French and some words have found their way into English, through
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authorizing Rabelais to join a Benedictine monastery and practice medicine, as long as he refrained from surgery. Jean du Bellay having been named the abbot
1506:(The Human Comedy). Michel Brix wrote of Balzac that he "is obviously a son or grandson of Rabelais... He has never hidden his admiration for the author of
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Rabelais quietly left the Hôtel Dieu de Lyon on 13 February 1535 after receiving his salary, disappearing until August 1535 as a result of the tumultuous
569:, primarily to supplement his income at the hospital. The idea of basing an allegory on the lives of giants came to Rabelais from the folklore legend of
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as popular literature in the form of inexpensive pamphlets. The first edition of an almanac parodying the astrological predictions of the time called
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3856:. Bibliothèque de la Pléiade (in Middle French). Vol. 15 (Revised edition with commentary by Lucien Scheler ed.). Paris: Gallimard.
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Les moines en rupture de ban se comptaient alors par milliers et, d'une façon générale, l'opinion ne se montrait nullement sévère à leur égard
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1418:'s war memoirs, and was denied the "aura of a founding figure! Yet in the eyes of nearly every great novelist of our time he is, along with
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Demonet, Marie-Luce (2022). "Rabelais moinillon à la Baumette. Retour sur une hypothèse". In Garnier, Isabelle; La Charité, Claude (eds.).
1414:, commented on a list of the most notable works of French literature, noting with surprise and indignation that Rabelais was placed behind
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contains many orthographic, grammatical, and typographical innovations, in particular the use of diacritics (accents, apostrophes, and
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1502:(The Hundred Humorous Tales). Balzac also pays homage to Rabelais by quoting him in more than twenty novels and the short stories of
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joined the Sorbonne's list of banned books. After the king's death in 1547, the academic élite frowned upon Rabelais, and the Paris
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1543:, a distinctive student headcap which in Montpellier is styled in his honour, with four bands of colour emanating from its centre.
1089:, the narrator intercedes in the story, first describing the plant in great detail, then waxing lyrical on its various qualities.
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311:, the multiple facets of his personality sometimes seem contradictory. Caught up in the religious and political turmoil of the
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250:; born between 1483 and 1494; died 1553) was a French writer who has been called the first great French prose author. A
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was not an admirer of Rabelais. Writing in 1940, he called him "an exceptionally perverse, morbid writer, a case for
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3514:"What "The Music Man" Got Wrong: Iowa Author Uncovers Women's Forgotten Cultural Legacy ]author=Barney Sherman"
3212:"D'un problème l'autre: herméneutique de l' "altior sensus" et "captatio lectoris" dans le Prologue de "Gargantua""
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1394: : he accepted reality in its entirety, accepted with gratitude and delight this amazingly improbable world."
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Huchon, Mireille (2003). "Pantagruelistes et mercuriens lyonnais". In Defaux, Gérard; Colombat, Bernard (eds.).
1563:(The fifteen minutes of Rabelais), in memory of a famous trick Rabelais used to get out of paying a tavern bill.
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designates something that is "marked by gross robust humor, extravagance of caricature, or bold naturalism".
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to continue to publish his collection on 19 September 1545 for six years. However, on 31 December 1546, the
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Boulenger, Jacques (1978). "Introduction: Vie de Rabelais". In Boulenger, Jacques; Scheler, Lucien (eds.).
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spelling—preserving clues to the lineage of words—to more phonetic spellings which wash those traces away.
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absolved him of this crime, which carried with it the risk of severe sanctions, in 1536. Until this time,
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Duval, Edwin M. (1985). "Interpretation and the 'Doctrine Absconce' of Rabelais's Prologue to Gargantua".
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2008 Nobel Prize lecture, Le Clézio referred to Rabelais as "the greatest writer in the French language".
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Qui sait si Tartifume, bon connaisseur du Gargantua, n'est pas parti du roman pour imaginer ce noviciat?
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547:. It was through his work and scholarship in the field of medicine that Rabelais gained European fame.
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admired Rabelais' work. Writing in 1929, he praised Rabelais, stating "Rabelais loved the bowels which
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proposed 1494 as his year of birth based on the fact that the fictional giant Gargantua was born on a
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631:), which was then new in French. Mireille Huchon ascribes this innovation in part to the influence of
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519:, one of the intellectual centres of the Renaissance, and began working as a doctor at the hospital
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Lesellier, J. (1936). "L'absolution de Rabelais en cour de Rome ses circonstances. Ses résultats".
1533:'s Faculty of Medicine: no graduating medic can undergo a convocation without taking an oath under
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In France the moment at a restaurant when the waiter presents the bill is still sometimes called
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Dictionnaire francois latin contenant les motz et manières de parler francois, tournez en latin
1440:!" are presented by local gossips as evidence that the town librarian "advocates dirty books."
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466:. At the Saint-Pierre-de-Maillezais abbey, he worked as a secretary to the bishop—a well-read
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Hampton, Timothy (1998). "Language and Identities". In Davis, Natalie Zemon; Hampton (eds.).
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1687:(1549): description of the festivities organized by Jean du Bellay to celebrate the birth of
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syllabus that included the study of grammar, rhetoric, and dialectic before moving on to the
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2919:. Actes du colloque de Tours, 20–22 octobre 2011 (in French). Vol. 53. MOM editions.
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Rabelais is widely known for the first two volumes relating the childhoods of the giants
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4088:. Translated by Beatrice Gottlieb. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
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Bullarum diplomatum et privilegiorum sanctorum Romanorum Pontificum, Taurinensis editio
2733:"Rabelais and Marguerite de Navarre on Sixteenth-Century Views of Clandestine Marriage"
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Davis, Natalie Zemon (1998). "Beyond Babel". In Davis, Natalie Zemon; Hampton (eds.).
1537:. Further tributes are paid to him in other traditions of the university, such as its
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Rabelais resigned from the curacy in January 1553 and died in Paris later that year.
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where he became friends with Pierre Lamy, a fellow Franciscan, and corresponded with
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2790:"Les amis de Guillaume Budé – Hippothadée représente-t-il Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples"
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892:"Thélème" and "Abbey of Thélème" redirect here. For the new religious movement, see
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Lesellier, J. (1938). "Deux enfants naturels de Rabelais légitimés par Paul III".
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granted by Francis I for the first edition and by Henri II for the 1552 edition,
412:; however there is no direct evidence to support this theory. By 1520, he was at
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are considerably more erudite in tone. His literary legacy is such that the word
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1422:, the founder of an entire art, the art of the novel". In the satirical musical
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with his emphasis on the subversive folk roots of Rabelais' humour in medieval "
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In 1623, Jacques Bruneau de Tartifume wrote that Rabelais began his life as a
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972:(The Third Book of the True and Reputed Heroic Deeds of the Noble Pantagruel)
274:. Though in his day he was best known as a physician, scholar, diplomat, and
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Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
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Titlepage of a 1571 edition containing the last three books of Pantagruel:
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The Problem of Unbelief in the Sixteenth Century: The Religion of Rabelais
4002:. Bibliothèque de la Pléiade (in French). Vol. 15. Paris: Gallimard.
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Lefranc, Abel (1908). "Conjectures sur la date de naissance de Rabelais".
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The Pataphysician's Library: An Exploration of Alfred Jarry's Livres Pairs
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the skeptics of the time—who would have thought a giant far too large for
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3976:. Tel (in French). Translated by Marie-Anne de Kisch. Paris: Gallimard.
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2772:"XXXV: Comment Trouillogan Philosophe traicte la difficulté de mariage."
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1153:'s unfinished 1693 translation, completed and considerably augmented by
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3847:. Translated by Hélène Iswolsky. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
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Acknowledging both the sordid side of the work and its protean nature,
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suggests that Panurge's description (in the Papimane Island episode in
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Rabelais, François (1995). Demerson, Guy; Demerson, Geneviève (eds.).
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Rabelais, François (1994). Huchon, Mireille; Moreau, François (eds.).
2672:. Penguin Classics. Translated by J. M. Cohen. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
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easily misinterpreted as a rejection of the sacred truths themselves.
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Rabelais' use of Latin, Greek, regional and dialectal terms, creative
4046:
Bakhtin, Mihail; Laine, Tapani; Nieminen, Paula; Salo, Erkki (2002).
3808:. Translated by Louis P. Roche. London: George Routledge & Sons.
2748:
2641:
2616:
1464:
1437:
1360:
included an allusion to "Master Francois somebody" in his 1922 novel
1137:
763:
751:
719:
614:
494:
Around 1527 he left the monastery without authorization, becoming an
444:
417:
409:
378:
1169:
Most scholars today agree that Rabelais wrote from a perspective of
1028:. It is likely that several of the characters refer to real people:
4162:
3896:
Le problème de l'incroyance au XVIe siècle: la religion de Rabelais
3795:(in French). Vol. 6. Paris: Honoré Champion. pp. 265–270.
722:
depending upon the health of his various protectors. In 1543, both
1470:
1458:
1070:
future marriage, Panurge accuses him of the same blind self-love (
1010:
938:
824:
809:
711:
698:
648:
532:
481:
80:
4199:
3823:"François Rabelais, truculent homme de littérature et de science"
2947:(in Latin). Vol. 7. Turin: Dalmazzo. 1862. pp. 247–249.
2454:
Marichal, Robert (1948). "Rabelais fût il Maître des Requêtes?".
523:. During his time in Lyon, he edited Latin works for the printer
1372:, a Russian philosopher and critic, derived his concepts of the
990:
had been a lively subject of debate. More recent exchanges with
739:
704:
516:
2075:
Narrations fabuleuses. Mélanges en l'honneur de Mireille Huchon
1002:—led Rabelais to dedicate the book to her before she wrote the
970:
Le Tiers Livre des Faits & Dits Heroïques du Bon Pantagruel
869:
alone are my writings dedicated ..." before turning to Plato's
424:, who observed that he was already competent in law. Following
397:, which dealt with arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy.
3588:"Rabelais: La revue de la faculte de medecine de Montepellier"
2301:
Lyon et l'illustration de la langue française à la Renaissance
1754:
taking place around 3 February. In a letter Rabelais wrote to
1161:
permanently added more than 800 words to the French language.
3468:
The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell
2538:
2536:
1522:
on 3 October 1830, Balzac even adopted Rabelais's pseudonym (
994:—possibly about the question of clandestine marriage and the
949:
The Thélèmites in the abbey live according to a single rule:
619:, among others. The book became popular, along with its 1534
3616:
Schmadel, Lutz D.; International Astronomical Union (2003).
2210:
2208:
1205:, Parlement, or both". On the opposite end of the spectrum,
857:
the narrator addresses the: "Most illustrious drinkers, and
3151:. Occasional Papers Series, University of California Press.
3025:. Occasional Papers Series, University of California Press.
1672:(1532, 1533, 1535, 1537, 1542 ): parodic almanac, astrology
1514:
as "the greatest mind of modern humanity". In his story of
653:
Rabelais' three trips to Rome were under the protection of
225:
216:
176:
170:
4177:
3263:
3261:
2519:"Rabelais, la Sorbonne et le Parlement en 1552 (partie 1)"
2097:
2095:
1185:, like Lucien Febvre before him, describes Rabelais as an
369:
and lawyer Antoine Rabelais and was born at the estate of
78:
Between January and 14 March 1553 (aged between 58 and 70)
571:
les Grandes chroniques du grand et énorme géant Gargantua
210:
164:
4114:
Rabelais, François (1999). Frame, Donald Murdoch (ed.).
2077:(in French). Paris: Classiques Garnier. pp. 25–44.
3761:
Dupèbe, Jean (1985). "La date de la mort de Rabelais".
2377:
Marliani, Bartolomeo (1534). Rabelais, François (ed.).
1295:
excellent, to be perhaps the most delicious of dishes.
3926:"Les paroles dégelées (Rabelais, Quart Livre, 48-65)"
3765:(in French). Vol. XVIII. Droz. pp. 175–176.
3487:"Die Weltliteratur: European novelists and modernism"
3408:
1957:
1348:(one of the founders of the French historical school
234:
204:
185:
558:
of François Rabelais), he published his first book,
222:
213:
207:
173:
167:
161:
1062:, contains the first-known attestation of the word
738:. Between 1545 and 1547 François Rabelais lived in
340:(which prefigures the philosophical novel) and the
219:
158:
129:
119:
98:
87:
74:
57:
41:
4115:
4048:François Rabelais: keskiajan ja renessanssin nauru
3950:
3893:
3870:
3840:
3801:
3739:
3622:. Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 480.
746:and a republic, to escape the condemnation by the
428:' commentary on the original Greek version of the
4230:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). pp. 769–773.
3650:Le Clézio, Jean-Marie Gustave (7 December 2008).
3089:Chesney, Elizabeth A., ed. (2004). "Evangelism".
2180:
2178:
2176:
714:as part of the household of du Bellay's brother,
2706:
2694:
2682:
2655:
2602:
2590:
2578:
1549:was named in honor of François Rabelais in 1982.
998:whose canonical status was being debated at the
458:, and was able to leave the Franciscans for the
2916:Les Argonautiques et le Quart Livre de Rabelais
2068:
2066:
1498:was inspired by the works of Rabelais to write
30:"Rabelais" redirects here. For other uses, see
3574:"Litérature fantastique > Honoré de Balzac"
2958:Julien, Jacques; Baddely, Susan (April 2016).
1229:18 (1985) sparked a debate on the prologue of
1157:by 1708. According to Radio-Canada, the novel
976:Published in 1546 under his own name with the
365:(1642–1715), François Rabelais was the son of
4050:(in Finnish) (3rd ed.). Helsinki: Like.
1898:
1896:
1879:(18th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1313:performed, from memory, hymns of Rabelais at
8:
4122:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
4106:Rabelais's Carnival: Text, Context, Metatext
4067:Concordance des Oeuvres de François Rabelais
2996:
2857:"Polysémie et pharmacie dans le Tiers Livre"
1576:, a series of four or five books including:
710:In 1540, Rabelais lived for a short time in
4109:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
3774:(in French). Paris: Hachette Littératures.
1803:
1801:
769:With support from members of the prominent
286:, and for his larger-than-life characters.
4022:Presented and annotated by François Moreau
3447:. London: Chatto & Windus. p. 81.
3068:. Greenwood Publishing. pp. 120–121.
2986:(in French). Paris: Robert Estienne. 1539.
49:
38:
4065:Dixon, J. E. G.; Dawson, John L. (1992).
3445:Do What You Will: Essays by Aldous Huxley
3291:
3279:
3267:
3252:
3240:
2718:
2670:The Histories of Gargantua and Pantagruel
2640:
2554:
2504:
2274:
2238:
2214:
2101:
1595:La vie très horrifique du grand Gargantua
408:, at the Convent of the Cordeliers, near
4200:François Rabelais Museum on the Internet
3216:Revue d'Histoire littéraire de la France
3170:. Greenwood Publishing. pp. 43–46.
3126:. Greenwood Publishing. pp. 27–28.
2888:
2818:
2806:
2429:
2303:(in French). ENS Éditions. p. 405.
2262:
2167:
2113:
1995:
1876:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary
1336:gave lectures on Rabelais in Argentina.
1324:, and worked for years on an unfinished
1235:Revue d’histoire littéraire de la France
963:
361:According to a tradition dating back to
4235:The Monks And Nuns From Thélème's Abbey
4118:The complete works of François Rabelais
3430:
3382:. Liverpool University Press. pp.
3338:. Paris: Éditions Garnier. p. 91.
3047:
2900:
2842:
2542:
2456:Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance
1983:
1797:
1739:
1390:so malignantly hated. His was the true
515:to study medicine. In 1532 he moved to
3716:
3035:
2929:
2830:
2566:
2492:
2480:
2441:
2417:
2405:
2393:
2364:
2352:
2340:
2286:
2250:
2226:
2125:
2083:10.48611/isbn.978-2-406-12714-7.p.0025
2057:
2019:
2007:
1971:
1290:in 1688 saw beyond that its sublimity:
943:Inscription above the Abbey of Thélème
773:, Rabelais had received approval from
27:French writer and humanist (died 1553)
4069:(in French). Geneva: Librairie Droz.
3008:
1259:) of the ill-effects of the pages of
1173:. This has not always been the case.
357:Touraine countryside to monastic life
245:
7:
3680:, Anthelme (1826). "Meditation 28".
3334:(2010). "Des ouvrages de l'esprit".
2878:(in French). Droz. pp. 144–152.
1655:(1564) whose authorship is contested
861:the most precious pox-ridden—for to
278:, later he became better known as a
262:, he attracted opposition from both
4194:Portail de la Renaissance française
4154:Works by or about François Rabelais
3312:. New York: Robert Appleton Company
1273:of 1911 declared that Rabelais was
3561:. Vol. 102. PUF. p. 838.
3516:. Iowa Public Radio. 13 June 2018.
3458:Orwell, George (1968). "Review of
3166:. In Chesney, Elizabeth A. (ed.).
3122:. In Chesney, Elizabeth A. (ed.).
3064:. In Chesney, Elizabeth A. (ed.).
2863:(in French). Nice. pp. 61–84.
1903:Renner, Bernd (26 February 2020).
1447:'s 1994 acceptance speech for the
1309:quotes extensively from Rabelais.
896:. For the Thelemic monastery, see
703:The house of François Rabelais in
25:
3900:(in French). Paris: Albin Michel.
3854:Œuvres complètes Œuvres complètes
3690:"The fifteen minutes of Rabelais"
3559:Balzac and the Legacy of Rabelais
3485:Kundera, Milan (8 January 2007).
1758:around 1520, he calls himself an
1225:An article by Edwin M. Duvall in
4304:16th-century French male writers
4294:Writers from Centre-Val de Loire
4279:University of Montpellier alumni
4170:
3821:Radio-Canada (7 November 2017).
3658:. Translated by Anderson, Alison
3619:Dictionary of minor planet names
3363:. London: J.M. Dent. p. xx.
3120:"Calvin, Jean or John (1509–64)"
3093:. Greenwood Publishing. p.
2033:"Claude Bougreau nous a quittés"
1835:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
1443:Rabelais is a pivotal figure in
843:Pantagruel: King of the Dipsodes
673:with Sebastien Gryphe in Lyon.
486:Rabelais worked at the hospital
200:
154:
3909:(in French). Paris: Gallimard.
3877:. Vanderbilt University Press.
3792:Revue des Études Rabelaisiennes
3474:. London: Secker & Warburg.
2731:Bauschatz, Cathleen M. (2003).
2615:Marshall, James (7 July 1948).
560:Pantagruel King of the Dipsodes
4284:16th-century French physicians
3694:Restaurant-ing through history
1917:10.1093/OBO/9780195399301-0153
1554:Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio's
1354:), all wrote books about him.
1177:, in his 1922 introduction to
590:Pantagrueline prognostications
406:Franciscan Order of Cordeliers
270:and from the hierarchy of the
1:
4299:16th-century French novelists
4274:University of Poitiers alumni
3804:The Life of François Rabelais
3746:(in French). Paris: Balland.
3572:Legrand-Ferronnière, Xavier.
2796:(in French). 30 October 2019.
2383:(in Latin). Sebastien Gryphe.
1662:Pantagrueline Prognostication
925:To healthy bodies so employed
550:In 1532, under the pseudonym
474:—and enjoyed his protection.
319:and like him is considered a
91:Writer, physician, humanist,
4334:French Renaissance humanists
3972:Screech, Michael A. (1992).
3949:Screech, Michael A. (1979).
3652:"In the forest of paradoxes"
2855:Demonet, Marie-Luce (1996).
2707:Demerson & Demerson 1995
2695:Demerson & Demerson 1995
2683:Demerson & Demerson 1995
2656:Demerson & Demerson 1995
2603:Demerson & Demerson 1995
2591:Demerson & Demerson 1995
2579:Demerson & Demerson 1995
1561:le quart d'heure de Rabelais
1529:There is a tradition at the
1490:Université François Rabelais
1455:Honours, tributes and legacy
1036:, Rondibilis was the doctor
1032:argues that Hippothadée was
443:(1523–1534) and obtained an
4289:16th-century French writers
4169:(public domain audiobooks)
3411:Page:Ulysses, 1922.djvu/706
3359:Saintsbury, George (1912).
2913:Marie-Luce Demonet (2015).
2770:Rabelais, François (1552).
2668:Rabelais, François (1955).
1911:. Oxford University Press.
1500:Les Cent Contes Drolatiques
933:Honour, praise, distraction
913:Honour, praise, distraction
4370:
4269:People from Indre-et-Loire
4221:"Rabelais, François"
4190:Rabelais et la Renaissance
4163:Works by François Rabelais
4145:Works by François Rabelais
4030:Rabelais: Œuvres complètes
4000:Rabelais Oeuvres complètes
3924:Jeanneret, Michel (1975).
3869:Bowen, Barbara C. (1998).
3770:Lazard, Madeleine (2002).
3557:Brix, Michel (2002–2005).
3545:Bibliothèque de la Pleiade
3320:– via newadvent.org.
2874:Rigolot, François (1996).
2861:Rabelais et le Tiers Livre
2557:, pp. xx–xxi, xix–xx.
2444:, pp. 111–15, 128–32.
2039:(in French). 13 April 2013
1044:Her Trippa corresponds to
891:
803:
756:Saint-Christophe-du-Jambet
282:for his depictions of the
29:
3905:Huchon, Mireille (2011).
3839:Bakhtin, Mikhail (1993).
3595:University of Montpellier
3310:The Catholic Encyclopedia
3304:Bertrin, Georges (1911).
3180:– via Google Books.
3168:The Rabelais Encyclopedia
3136:– via Google Books.
3124:The Rabelais Encyclopedia
3091:The Rabelais Encyclopedia
3078:– via Google Books.
3066:The Rabelais Encyclopedia
2737:Sixteenth Century Journal
2380:Topographia antiqua Romae
1959:The Rabelais Encyclopedia
1837:(3rd ed.). Longman.
1531:University of Montpellier
1484:The public university in
1467:, where he served as Curé
1449:Nobel Prize in Literature
1052:of debts in chapter III.
1034:Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples
929:Do pass on this reaction:
671:Topographia antiqua Romae
513:University of Montpellier
111:University of Montpellier
48:
32:Rabelais (disambiguation)
4208:Rabelais and his editors
4183:26 February 2021 at the
3873:Enter Rabelais, Laughing
3162:Braunrot, Bruno (2004).
3149:Rabelais and His Critics
3060:Duwal, Edwin M. (2004).
3023:Rabelais and His Critics
2876:Les Langages de Rabelais
2187:Humanisme et Renaissance
2140:Humanisme et Renaissance
1574:Gargantua and Pantagruel
1547:Asteroid '5666 Rabelais'
1475:Monument to Rabelais at
921:in the tuning up of joy.
838:Gargantua and Pantagruel
831:Gargantua and Pantagruel
816:Gargantua and Pantagruel
806:Gargantua and Pantagruel
799:Gargantua and Pantagruel
447:with the help of Bishop
330:written in the style of
328:Gargantua and Pantagruel
135:Gargantua and Pantagruel
4227:Encyclopædia Britannica
4205:Henry Émile Chevalier,
4103:Kinser, Samuel (1990).
4084:Febvre, Lucien (1982).
3892:Febvre, Lucien (1942).
3800:Plattard, Jean (1930).
3443:Huxley, Aldous (1929).
3210:Defaux, Gérard (1985).
2960:"notice John Palsgrave"
1516:Zéro, Conte Fantastique
1408:, in a 2007 article in
1299:In his 1759–1767 novel
1099:Rabelais began work on
917:Herein lies subtraction
593:of Juste's editions of
4354:French medical writers
4324:French Roman Catholics
4309:Roman Catholic writers
3843:Rabelais and His World
3738:Demerson, Guy (1986).
3682:La Physiologie du Gout
3118:Persels, Jeff (2004).
2617:"Rabelais on Syphilis"
2517:Lefranc, Abel (1929).
2037:La Nouvelle République
1728:Rabelais Student Media
1702:Rabelais and His World
1480:
1468:
1297:
1279:
1016:
987:la querelle des femmes
973:
955:
946:
937:
834:
822:
730:were condemned by the
707:
678:Affair of the Placards
658:
509:University of Poitiers
491:
336:; his later works—the
247:[fʁɑ̃swaʁablɛ]
106:University of Poitiers
4344:French male novelists
3957:. London: Duckworth.
3942:10.3406/litt.1975.979
3763:Études rabelaisiennes
3407:Joyce, James (1922).
3193:Études Rabelaisiennes
2794:La Vie des Classiques
2462:: 169–78, at p. 169.
1909:Oxford Bibliographies
1713:Peter Anthony Motteux
1479:'s Jardin des Plantes
1474:
1462:
1332:based on Pantagruel.
1292:
1275:
1270:Catholic Encyclopedia
1227:Études rabelaisiennes
1155:Peter Anthony Motteux
1056:, deeply indebted to
1014:
992:Marguerite de Navarre
967:
951:
942:
909:
903:In the second novel,
884:vision of education.
828:
813:
750:. In 1547, he became
702:
652:
638:De vulgari eloquentia
573:, which were sold by
485:
61:Between 1483 and 1494
3547:, 1977, v.VII, p.587
3374:Fisher, Ben (2000).
2581:, pp. 297, 300.
2277:, pp. xiii, xv.
1809:"Notice de personne"
1463:Bust of Rabelais in
1233:in the pages of the
696:the following year.
478:Physician and author
124:Renaissance humanism
4314:French Benedictines
4259:15th-century births
3462:by Nevil Shute and
3306:"François Rabelais"
3038:, pp. 329–360.
2903:, pp. 379–407.
2891:, pp. 229–234.
2845:, pp. 308–312.
2685:, pp. 268–269.
2633:1948Natur.162..118M
2593:, pp. 308–314.
2545:, pp. 321–322.
2408:, pp. 226–229.
2396:, pp. 201–203.
2367:, pp. 196–197.
2355:, pp. 188–192.
2343:, pp. 183–187.
2289:, pp. 164–165.
2022:, pp. 175–176.
1986:, pp. 265–270.
1945:Merriam-Webster.com
1905:"François Rabelais"
1510:, whom he cites in
1342:D. B. Wyndham-Lewis
1189:. While formally a
875:. An unprecedented
853:In the Prologue to
775:King Francis I
748:University of Paris
667:Bartolomeo Marliani
641:on French letters.
562:, the first of his
449:Geoffroy d'Estissac
363:Roger de Gaignières
4329:French Renaissance
4319:French Franciscans
4216:Saintsbury, George
3719:, p. 323-327.
3466:by Albert Cohen".
3332:Jean de La Bruyère
2323:Original context (
1504:La Comédie humaine
1481:
1469:
1288:Jean de La Bruyère
1171:Christian humanism
1077:At the end of the
1059:In Praise of Folly
1038:Guillaume Rondelet
1017:
974:
947:
835:
823:
744:free imperial city
736:Master of Requests
708:
659:
525:Sebastian Gryphius
521:Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon
492:
490:from 1532 to 1535.
488:Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon
321:Christian humanist
256:French Renaissance
4349:French male poets
4254:François Rabelais
4149:Project Gutenberg
4095:978-0-674-70825-9
4076:978-952-471-083-1
4057:978-952-471-083-1
4009:978-2-07-011340-8
3964:978-0-7156-1660-4
3916:978-2-07-073544-0
3884:978-0-8265-1306-9
3629:978-3-540-00238-3
3576:. Le Visage Vert.
3393:978-0-85323-926-0
3345:978-2-8105-0173-1
3177:978-0-313-31034-8
3164:"Critical Theory"
3133:978-0-313-31034-8
3104:978-0-313-31034-8
3075:978-0-313-31034-8
2997:Radio-Canada 2017
2962:(in French). CTLF
2310:978-2-84788-032-8
1926:978-0-19-539930-1
1886:978-0-521-15255-6
1844:978-1-4058-8118-0
1819:on 27 April 2020.
1597:, usually called
1416:Charles de Gaulle
1338:John Cowper Powys
1193:, Rabelais was a
1046:Cornelius Agrippa
1015:Sybyl of Panzoust
829:Illustration for
814:Illustration for
552:Alcofribas Nasier
543:described in his
460:Benedictine Order
414:Fontenay-le-Comte
305:, a doctor and a
144:François Rabelais
141:
140:
120:Literary movement
43:François Rabelais
16:(Redirected from
4361:
4231:
4223:
4174:
4173:
4158:Internet Archive
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4121:
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3708:
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3703:
3701:
3696:. 15 August 2013
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2822:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2749:10.2307/20061415
2728:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:10.1038/162118a0
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2540:
2531:
2530:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2203:
2202:
2182:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2090:
2089:
2070:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1974:, p. 33–34.
1969:
1963:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1815:. Archived from
1805:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1763:
1744:
1685:
1670:
1653:
1638:
1623:
1608:
1589:
1496:Honoré de Balzac
1430:Meredith Willson
1328:for an opera by
1254:
1246:Michel Jeanneret
1108:and the news of
1087:Charles Estienne
1000:Council of Trent
953:DO WHAT YOU WANT
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
898:Abbey of Thelema
771:du Bellay family
690:Saint-Maur Abbey
587:
537:Giovanni Manardo
511:and then to the
457:
441:Pope Clement VII
249:
244:
238:
232:
231:
228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
199:
188:
183:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
153:
53:
39:
21:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4244:
4243:
4237:discography at
4214:
4211:, 1868 (French)
4185:Wayback Machine
4171:
4141:
4136:
4130:
4113:
4102:
4096:
4083:
4077:
4064:
4058:
4045:
4041:
4039:Further reading
4036:
4027:
4010:
3997:
3988:
3971:
3965:
3948:
3923:
3917:
3904:
3891:
3885:
3868:
3851:
3838:
3829:
3820:
3799:
3788:
3782:
3769:
3760:
3754:
3737:
3728:
3723:
3715:
3711:
3699:
3697:
3688:
3678:Brillat-Savarin
3676:
3675:
3671:
3661:
3659:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3600:
3598:
3597:. pp. 3, 6
3590:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3543:
3539:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3497:
3495:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3429:
3425:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3361:Tristram Shandy
3358:
3357:
3353:
3346:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3315:
3313:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3290:
3286:
3278:
3274:
3266:
3259:
3251:
3247:
3239:
3235:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3134:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3105:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3046:
3042:
3034:
3030:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3007:
3003:
2995:
2991:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2928:
2924:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2899:
2895:
2887:
2883:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2841:
2837:
2829:
2825:
2821:, p. 1424.
2817:
2813:
2809:, p. 1412.
2805:
2801:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2717:
2713:
2705:
2701:
2693:
2689:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2654:
2650:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2585:
2577:
2573:
2565:
2561:
2553:
2549:
2541:
2534:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2503:
2499:
2491:
2487:
2479:
2475:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2428:
2424:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2392:
2388:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2359:
2351:
2347:
2339:
2335:
2322:
2318:
2311:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2285:
2281:
2273:
2269:
2261:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2241:, p. xvii.
2237:
2233:
2225:
2221:
2217:, p. xiii.
2213:
2206:
2184:
2183:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2124:
2120:
2112:
2108:
2100:
2093:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1962:, p. xiii.
1956:
1952:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1708:Thomas Urquhart
1697:
1689:Louis of Valois
1679:
1664:
1647:
1632:
1617:
1602:
1583:
1570:
1535:Rabelais's robe
1457:
1370:Mikhail Bakhtin
1330:Claude Terrasse
1307:Laurence Sterne
1302:Tristram Shandy
1284:
1257:The Fourth Book
1248:
1216:Mikhail Bakhtin
1167:
1165:Scholarly views
1151:Thomas Urquhart
1126:
1124:Use of language
1118:Odet de Coligny
1110:Jacques Cartier
1101:The Fourth Book
1097:
1094:The Fourth Book
1083:Pliny the Elder
962:
944:
936:
932:
931:
928:
927:
924:
923:
920:
919:
916:
915:
912:
901:
890:
833:by Gustave Doré
808:
802:
795:
647:
645:Travel to Italy
581:
480:
451:
359:
354:
276:Catholic priest
272:Catholic Church
242:
236:
203:
194:
193:
186:
157:
148:
147:
115:
93:Catholic priest
79:
62:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4367:
4365:
4357:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4232:
4212:
4203:
4197:
4187:
4175:
4160:
4151:
4140:
4139:External links
4137:
4135:
4134:
4128:
4111:
4100:
4094:
4081:
4075:
4062:
4056:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4025:
4008:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3991:Complete works
3987:
3986:
3969:
3963:
3946:
3921:
3915:
3902:
3889:
3883:
3866:
3849:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3827:
3818:
3797:
3786:
3780:
3767:
3758:
3752:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3669:
3656:NobelPrize.org
3642:
3628:
3608:
3579:
3564:
3549:
3537:
3532:NobelPrize.org
3519:
3505:
3492:The New Yorker
3477:
3450:
3435:
3423:
3399:
3392:
3366:
3351:
3344:
3336:Les Caractères
3323:
3296:
3292:Jeanneret 1975
3284:
3280:Jeanneret 1975
3272:
3268:Jeanneret 1975
3257:
3253:Jeanneret 1975
3245:
3241:Jeanneret 1975
3233:
3222:(2): 195–216.
3202:
3183:
3176:
3154:
3139:
3132:
3110:
3103:
3081:
3074:
3052:
3040:
3028:
3013:
3001:
2989:
2973:
2950:
2934:
2932:, p. 335.
2922:
2905:
2893:
2881:
2866:
2847:
2835:
2823:
2811:
2799:
2781:
2778:. p. 113.
2762:
2743:(2): 395–408.
2723:
2721:, p. xix.
2719:Boulenger 1978
2711:
2709:, p. 274.
2699:
2697:, p. 272.
2687:
2675:
2660:
2658:, p. 510.
2648:
2607:
2595:
2583:
2571:
2559:
2555:Boulenger 1978
2547:
2532:
2509:
2505:Boulenger 1978
2497:
2495:, p. 311.
2485:
2483:, p. 296.
2473:
2446:
2434:
2422:
2420:, p. 236.
2410:
2398:
2386:
2369:
2357:
2345:
2333:
2316:
2309:
2291:
2279:
2275:Boulenger 1978
2267:
2255:
2253:, p. 247.
2243:
2239:Boulenger 1978
2231:
2229:, p. 242.
2219:
2215:Boulenger 1978
2204:
2193:(4): 549–570.
2172:
2160:
2146:(3): 237–270.
2130:
2118:
2106:
2102:Boulenger 1978
2091:
2062:
2050:
2024:
2012:
2000:
1998:, p. 993.
1988:
1976:
1964:
1950:
1932:
1925:
1892:
1885:
1850:
1843:
1831:Wells, John C.
1822:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1773:
1764:
1756:Guillaume Budé
1752:Shrove Tuesday
1738:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1723:The Great Mare
1720:
1710:
1705:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1673:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1645:The Fifth Book
1641:
1630:The Fouth Book
1626:
1615:The Third Book
1611:
1592:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1544:
1527:
1512:Le Cousin Pons
1493:
1456:
1453:
1411:The New Yorker
1402:psychoanalysis
1378:grotesque body
1334:Anatole France
1283:
1280:
1191:Roman Catholic
1166:
1163:
1125:
1122:
1096:
1091:
1054:The Third Book
982:The Third Book
961:
959:The Third Book
956:
945:(Gustave Doré)
910:
889:
886:
804:Main article:
801:
796:
794:
791:
694:secular clergy
655:Jean du Bellay
646:
643:
479:
476:
431:Gospel of Luke
422:Guillaume Budé
387:Indre-et-Loire
385:in modern-day
358:
355:
353:
350:
291:ecclesiastical
139:
138:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
114:
113:
108:
102:
100:
96:
95:
89:
85:
84:
76:
72:
71:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4366:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4222:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4131:
4129:9780520064010
4125:
4120:
4119:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4101:
4097:
4091:
4087:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4068:
4063:
4059:
4053:
4049:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4031:
4026:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4005:
4001:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3989:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3955:
3954:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3936:(17): 14–30.
3935:
3932:(in French).
3931:
3927:
3922:
3918:
3912:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3897:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3875:
3874:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3844:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3830:
3824:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3806:
3805:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3755:
3753:9782715805668
3749:
3744:
3743:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3718:
3713:
3710:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3643:
3631:
3625:
3621:
3620:
3612:
3609:
3596:
3593:(in French).
3589:
3583:
3580:
3575:
3568:
3565:
3560:
3553:
3550:
3546:
3541:
3538:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3481:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3454:
3451:
3446:
3439:
3436:
3433:, p. 92.
3432:
3427:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3412:
3403:
3400:
3395:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3379:
3370:
3367:
3362:
3355:
3352:
3347:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3311:
3307:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3285:
3282:, p. 20.
3281:
3276:
3273:
3270:, p. 19.
3269:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3255:, p. 18.
3254:
3249:
3246:
3243:, p. 16.
3242:
3237:
3234:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3206:
3203:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3155:
3150:
3143:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3114:
3111:
3106:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3056:
3053:
3050:, p. 14.
3049:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3029:
3024:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2977:
2974:
2961:
2954:
2951:
2946:
2945:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2889:Plattard 1930
2885:
2882:
2877:
2870:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2836:
2833:, p. 24.
2832:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2819:Rabelais 1994
2815:
2812:
2808:
2807:Rabelais 1994
2803:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2782:
2777:
2773:
2766:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2676:
2671:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2649:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2627:(4107): 118.
2626:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2608:
2605:, p. 50.
2604:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2513:
2510:
2507:, p. xx.
2506:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2432:, p. 17.
2431:
2430:Demerson 1986
2426:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2302:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2268:
2265:, p. 15.
2264:
2263:Demerson 1986
2259:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2223:
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2216:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2189:(in French).
2188:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2170:, p. 14.
2169:
2168:Demerson 1986
2164:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2142:(in French).
2141:
2134:
2131:
2128:, p. 41.
2127:
2122:
2119:
2116:, p. 13.
2115:
2114:Demerson 1986
2110:
2107:
2104:, p. xi.
2103:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2060:, p. 38.
2059:
2054:
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2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2013:
2010:, p. 37.
2009:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1996:Rabelais 1994
1992:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1941:"Rabelaisian"
1936:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1878:
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1864:
1860:
1859:Jones, Daniel
1854:
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1846:
1840:
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1810:
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1548:
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1536:
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1528:
1525:
1521:
1520:La Silhouette
1518:published in
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1486:Tours, France
1483:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1466:
1461:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1432:, the names "
1431:
1427:
1426:
1425:The Music Man
1421:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1406:Milan Kundera
1403:
1399:
1398:George Orwell
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1384:Aldous Huxley
1381:
1379:
1375:
1374:carnivalesque
1371:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1346:Lucien Febvre
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1282:In literature
1281:
1278:
1274:
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1258:
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1247:
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1236:
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1196:
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1188:
1184:
1183:M. A. Screech
1180:
1176:
1172:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1139:
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1047:
1043:
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1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1009:
1007:
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996:Book of Tobit
993:
989:
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935:
908:
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664:
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630:
626:
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618:
617:
612:
608:
607:
602:
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596:
591:
585:
580:
579:fairs of Lyon
576:
572:
568:
566:
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
541:Etienne Dolet
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
501:
500:Pope Paul III
497:
489:
484:
477:
475:
473:
470:appointed by
469:
465:
461:
455:
450:
446:
442:
437:
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333:bildungsroman
329:
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314:
310:
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296:
292:
287:
285:
281:
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273:
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261:
260:Greek scholar
257:
253:
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240:
239:
230:
197:
191:
190:
181:
151:
145:
137:
136:
132:
130:Notable works
128:
125:
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52:
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40:
37:
33:
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4207:
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4105:
4085:
4066:
4047:
4029:
4021:
3999:
3973:
3952:
3933:
3929:
3906:
3895:
3872:
3853:
3842:
3825:(in French).
3803:
3791:
3771:
3762:
3741:
3712:
3698:. Retrieved
3693:
3681:
3672:
3660:. Retrieved
3655:
3645:
3633:. Retrieved
3618:
3611:
3599:. Retrieved
3582:
3567:
3558:
3552:
3540:
3531:
3528:"Ōe lecture"
3522:
3508:
3496:. Retrieved
3490:
3480:
3471:
3467:
3464:Nailcruncher
3463:
3459:
3453:
3444:
3438:
3431:Bakhtin 1993
3426:
3416:– via
3410:
3402:
3377:
3369:
3360:
3354:
3335:
3326:
3314:. Retrieved
3309:
3299:
3287:
3275:
3248:
3236:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3167:
3157:
3148:
3142:
3123:
3113:
3090:
3084:
3065:
3055:
3048:Screech 1979
3043:
3031:
3022:
3016:
3004:
2992:
2982:
2976:
2964:. Retrieved
2953:
2943:
2937:
2925:
2915:
2908:
2901:Screech 1992
2896:
2884:
2875:
2869:
2860:
2850:
2843:Screech 1992
2838:
2826:
2814:
2802:
2793:
2784:
2775:
2765:
2740:
2736:
2726:
2714:
2702:
2690:
2678:
2669:
2663:
2651:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2598:
2586:
2574:
2562:
2550:
2543:Screech 1979
2526:
2522:
2512:
2500:
2488:
2476:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2437:
2425:
2413:
2401:
2389:
2379:
2372:
2360:
2348:
2336:
2319:
2300:
2294:
2282:
2270:
2258:
2246:
2234:
2222:
2190:
2186:
2163:
2155:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2121:
2109:
2086:
2074:
2053:
2041:. Retrieved
2036:
2027:
2015:
2003:
1991:
1984:Lefranc 1908
1979:
1967:
1958:
1953:
1944:
1935:
1908:
1874:
1871:Esling, John
1867:Setter, Jane
1863:Roach, Peter
1853:
1834:
1825:
1817:the original
1812:
1776:
1767:
1748:Abel Lefranc
1742:
1715:, (works at
1700:
1675:
1660:
1643:
1628:
1613:
1598:
1594:
1579:
1560:
1538:
1534:
1523:
1515:
1445:Kenzaburō Ōe
1442:
1436:! Rabelais!
1423:
1409:
1396:
1382:
1368:
1361:
1356:
1349:
1311:Alfred Jarry
1300:
1298:
1293:
1285:
1276:
1268:
1266:
1256:
1244:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1212:
1178:
1175:Abel Lefranc
1168:
1158:
1135:
1131:etymological
1127:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1053:
1030:Abel Lefranc
1018:
1003:
986:
981:
977:
975:
969:
958:
952:
948:
911:
904:
902:
882:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
852:
842:
837:
836:
830:
820:Gustave Doré
815:
798:
788:
778:
768:
766:near Paris.
727:
723:
709:
686:in commendam
685:
675:
670:
660:
636:
624:
615:
610:
605:
600:encyclopédie
599:
594:
589:
570:
564:
559:
551:
549:
544:
493:
429:
399:
371:La Devinière
370:
360:
345:
341:
337:
331:
325:
306:
295:anticlerical
288:
143:
142:
133:
36:
4264:1553 deaths
4178:Rabelais.nl
3930:Littérature
3726:Works cited
3717:Huchon 2011
3635:9 September
3498:10 November
3316:25 November
3036:Febvre 1942
3011:, p. .
2966:17 November
2930:Huchon 2011
2831:Huchon 2011
2776:Tiers Livre
2567:Huchon 2011
2493:Huchon 2011
2481:Huchon 2011
2442:Febvre 1942
2418:Huchon 2011
2406:Huchon 2011
2394:Huchon 2011
2365:Huchon 2011
2353:Huchon 2011
2341:Huchon 2011
2287:Huchon 2011
2251:Huchon 2011
2227:Huchon 2011
2126:Lazard 2002
2058:Lazard 2002
2020:Dupèbe 1985
2008:Lazard 2002
1972:Huchon 2011
1680: [
1665: [
1648: [
1633: [
1618: [
1603: [
1584: [
1477:Montpellier
1358:James Joyce
1320:'s Tuesday
1249: [
1207:John Calvin
1199:monasticism
1066:in French.
1022:bibliomancy
779:Tiers Livre
682:papal brief
582: [
577:and at the
575:colporteurs
529:Hippocrates
452: [
346:Rabelaisian
342:Fourth Book
313:Reformation
303:freethinker
268:John Calvin
266:theologian
4248:Categories
3832:Commentary
3781:2012791077
3418:Wikisource
3062:"Humanism"
3009:Bowen 1998
1788:References
1760:adulescens
1717:wikisource
1677:Sciomachie
1581:Pantagruel
1524:Alcofribas
1179:Pantagruel
1079:Third Book
1005:Heptameron
848:Noah's Ark
728:Pantagruel
663:Henry VIII
625:Pantagruel
595:Pantagruel
504:church law
464:Maillezais
395:quadrivium
338:Third Book
308:bon vivant
264:Protestant
88:Occupation
4192:, sur le
3982:377631583
3814:504218182
3228:0035-2411
1793:Citations
1746:In 1905,
1600:Gargantua
1508:Gargantua
1488:is named
1420:Cervantes
1392:amor fati
1315:Symbolist
1261:decretals
1231:Gargantua
1159:Gargantua
1146:neologism
1106:Argonauts
1072:philautie
1026:Triboulet
978:privilège
905:Gargantua
855:Gargantua
783:Parlement
742:, then a
724:Gargantua
716:Guillaume
629:diaereses
565:Gargantua
472:Francis I
367:seneschal
352:Biography
299:Christian
284:grotesque
99:Education
4218:(1911).
4202:(French)
4196:(French)
4181:Archived
4167:LibriVox
4032:. Seuil.
4018:31599267
3974:Rabelais
3953:Rabelais
3907:Rabelais
3772:Rabelais
3742:Rabelais
3684:. Paris.
3662:28 March
3601:28 March
3460:Landfall
2757:20061415
2468:20673434
2199:20673173
2152:20673008
1873:(eds.).
1861:(2011).
1833:(2008).
1695:See also
1326:libretto
1318:Rachilde
1220:carnival
1203:Sorbonne
1195:humanist
1187:Erasmian
1138:calquing
1064:paradoxe
1050:encomium
1042:esoteric
877:syphilis
732:Sorbonne
611:progrès,
496:apostate
436:Sorbonne
383:Touraine
280:satirist
252:humanist
235:-
83:, France
70:, France
68:Touraine
4339:Thelema
4239:Discogs
4156:at the
3862:5725863
3731:General
3534:. 1994.
3199:: 1–17.
2629:Bibcode
2043:12 June
1540:faluche
1434:Chaucer
1363:Ulysses
1351:Annales
894:Thelema
888:Thélème
872:Banquet
762:and of
688:of the
621:prequel
606:caballe
556:anagram
545:Carmina
468:prelate
426:Erasmus
404:of the
391:trivium
375:Seuilly
317:Erasmus
254:of the
243:French:
64:Seuilly
18:Thélème
4126:
4092:
4073:
4054:
4016:
4006:
3980:
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3860:
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3778:
3750:
3700:17 May
3626:
3413:
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3226:
3174:
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3101:
3072:
2755:
2621:Nature
2529:: 276.
2466:
2307:
2197:
2150:
1923:
1883:
1841:
1813:Bnf.fr
1640:(1552)
1625:(1546)
1610:(1534)
1590:(1532)
1465:Meudon
1438:Balzac
1344:, and
1322:salons
1114:Tuscan
1040:, the
793:Novels
764:Meudon
752:curate
720:heresy
616:utopie
567:series
498:until
445:indult
434:, the
418:Poitou
410:Angers
402:novice
379:Chinon
377:(near
301:and a
189:-ə-lay
3591:(PDF)
3386:–98.
2753:JSTOR
2464:JSTOR
2195:JSTOR
2148:JSTOR
1734:Notes
1684:]
1669:]
1652:]
1637:]
1622:]
1607:]
1588:]
1568:Works
1388:Swift
1253:]
1240:gloss
1142:gloss
760:Maine
712:Turin
633:Dante
586:]
533:Galen
456:]
289:Both
81:Paris
4124:ISBN
4090:ISBN
4071:ISBN
4052:ISBN
4014:OCLC
4004:ISBN
3978:OCLC
3959:ISBN
3911:ISBN
3879:ISBN
3858:OCLC
3810:OCLC
3776:ISBN
3748:ISBN
3702:2020
3664:2019
3637:2011
3624:ISBN
3603:2019
3500:2017
3388:ISBN
3340:ISBN
3318:2018
3224:ISSN
3172:ISBN
3128:ISBN
3099:ISBN
3070:ISBN
2968:2018
2305:ISBN
2045:2024
1921:ISBN
1881:ISBN
1839:ISBN
1376:and
1267:The
1085:and
865:and
740:Metz
726:and
705:Metz
613:and
554:(an
535:and
517:Lyon
293:and
258:and
75:Died
58:Born
4165:at
4147:at
3938:doi
2745:doi
2637:doi
2625:162
2079:doi
1913:doi
1552:In
1428:by
1404:".
867:you
863:you
859:you
818:by
758:in
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373:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
