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which it was specifically meant to brand as pseudoscience. Nonetheless, Thagard, didn't completely abandon his criterion, but instead incorporated it into his new solution to the demarcation problem, which he called "Profile of
Science and Pseudoscience", a collection of psychological, historical and
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logical characteristics, against which a discipline could be compared and categorized as either science or pseudoscience. This process, though not "strict necessary or sufficient", could fulfill the normative goals of science, or what
Thagard prefers to call "
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However, in 1988, Thagard wrote that this proposal should "be abandoned," because it had two flaws. Firstly it was hopeless to attempt to find necessary and sufficient conditions for pseudoscience in general, and secondly, the criterion was too soft on
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The community of practitioners makes little attempt to develop the theory towards solutions of the problems, shows no concern for attempts to evaluate the theory in relation to others, and is selective in considering confirmations and
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models of coherence to theories of human thought and action. He is also known for HOTCO ("hot coherence"), which was his attempt to create a computer model of cognition that incorporated emotions at a fundamental level.
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In the philosophy of science, Thagard is cited for his work on the use of computational models in explaining conceptual revolutions; his most distinctive contribution to the field is the concept of
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301:. He is a writer, and has contributed to research in analogy and creativity, inference, cognition in the history of science, and the role of emotion in cognition.
1633:, In Philosophy of Science Association 1978 Volume 1, edited by P.D. Asquith and I. Hacking (East Lansing: Philosophy of Science Association, 1978) 2 August 2016.
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who specializes in cognitive science, philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of science and medicine. Thagard is a professor emeritus of
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406:. In 2003, he received a University of Waterloo Award for Excellence in Research, and in 2005 he was named a University Research Chair.
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Demarcation: Is there a Sharp Line
Between Science and Pseudoscience? An Exploration of Sir Karl Popper's Conception of Falsification
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It has been less progressive than alternative theories over a long period of time, and faces many unsolved problems; but
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1022:. According to Thagard's criterion, "A theory which purports to be scientific is pseudoscientific if and only if":
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Thagard (together with
Karsten Verbeurgt) put forth a particular formalization of the concept of coherence as a
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https://web.archive.org/web/20120330081201/http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/tennant9/thagard_JP1978.pdf
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Thagard, P. and
Verbeurgt, K. (1998). Coherence as constraint satisfaction. Cognitive Science, 22: 1-24.
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https://scholar.google.ca/scholar?q=paul%20thagard&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&hl=en&tab=ws
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as "the current philosophy of mathematics that fits best with what is known about minds and science."
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According to
Thagard, coherence maximization involves the partitioning of elements into accepted (
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problem. The model posits that coherence operates over a set of representational elements (e.g.,
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Coherentist
Theories of Epistemic Justification (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
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Natural
Philosophy: From Social Brains to Knowledge, Reality, Morality, and Beauty
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Natural
Philosophy: From Social Brains to Knowledge, Reality, Morality, and Beauty
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Practitioners care about evaluating theories in relation to alternative theories
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The
Cognitive Science of Science: Explanation, Discovery, and Conceptual Change.
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Thagard, Paul (1990). "The Conceptual Structure of the Chemical Revolution".
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If two elements p and q cohere they are connected by a positive constraint
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In his general approach to philosophy, Thagard is sharply critical of
392:, 1998–1999, and President of the Society for Machines and Mentality
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Progresses over time: develops new theories that explain new facts.
446:, planning etc., can be understood as a form of (maximum) coherence
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for being overly dependent upon intuitions as a source of evidence.
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Thagard is the author/co-author of 15 books and over 200 articles.
598:. Furthermore, constraints are weighted, i.e., for each constraint
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Hot thought: Mechanisms and applications of emotional cognition
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Hot Thought: Mechanisms and Applications of Emotional Cognition
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Bots and Beasts: What Make Machines, Animals, and People Smart?
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on September 28, 1950. He is a graduate of the Universities of
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Many of Thagard's coherence articles are available online at
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EXPLANATORY COHERENCE AND BELIEF REVISION IN NAIVE PHYSICS.
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Mind-Society: From Brains to Social Sciences and Professions
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Induction: Processes of Inference, Learning, and Discovery
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http://cogsci.uwaterloo.ca/Articles/Pages/Coherence.html
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http://cogsci.uwaterloo.ca/Articles/1989.explanatory.pdf
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Brain-Mind: From Neurons to Consciousness and Creativity
312:, and has contributed to the refinement of the idea of
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incohere they are connected by a negative constraint
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Computational-representational understanding of mind
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in philosophy of science. Faced with the failure of
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1667:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 442.
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1112:Aristotelian realist philosophy of mathematics
942:is satisfied if one element is accepted (say
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1760:Academic staff of the University of Waterloo
1094:Nonsimple theories: many ad hoc hypotheses.
1091:Uses highly consilient and simple theories.
386:He was Chair of the Governing Board of the
1244:Mind: An Introduction to Cognitive Science
402:, and in 1999 was elected a fellow of the
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649:{\displaystyle (p,q)\in C^{+}\cup C^{-}}
409:Thagard was married to the psychologist
323:, he is known for his attempts to apply
1604:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
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1127:Balance: How it Works and What it Means
766:is said to be satisfied if either both
1735:Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
1385:"Eleven Dogmas of Analytic Philosophy"
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1050:Profiles of Science and Pseudoscience
1357:List of University of Waterloo people
1157:. New York: Oxford University Press.
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1129:. (Columbia University Press, 2022).
185:Explanation and Scientific Inference
1602:Computational Philosophy of Science
1284:Computational Philosophy of Science
1272:(Princeton University Press, 1992,
1232:(Princeton University Press, 1999,
1730:21st-century Canadian philosophers
1725:20th-century Canadian philosophers
1147:. (Oxford University Press, 2019).
1141:. (Oxford University Press, 2019).
25:
1750:University of Saskatchewan alumni
1182:The Brain and the Meaning of Life
314:inference to the best explanation
1626:Why Astrology Is A Pseudoscience
1413:"Doctoral Dissertations, 1977".
262:
27:Canadian philosopher (born 1950)
1539:Coherence in Thought and Action
1216:Coherence in Thought and Action
1075:Seeks empirical confirmations.
426:Thagard has proposed that many
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395:, 1997–1998. In 2013 he won a
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1755:University of Toronto alumni
1720:Canadian computer scientists
1078:Neglects empirical matters.
383:in computer science, 1985).
1070:Uses resemblance thinking.
1067:Uses correlation thinking.
968:), and the other rejected (
656:there is a positive weight
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1185:Princeton University Press
87:University of Saskatchewan
1415:The Review of Metaphysics
910:). A negative constraint
388:Cognitive Science Society
375:in philosophy, 1977) and
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903:{\displaystyle p,q\in R}
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1459:Explanatory Coherence.
455:constraint satisfaction
404:Royal Society of Canada
147:Contemporary philosophy
96:University of Cambridge
1661:Thagard, Paul (2019).
1600:Thagard, Paul (1988).
1541:(Bradford Book, 2000,
1525:The Best Explanation.
1338:(North-Holland, 2006,
1331:He is also editor of:
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1151:Thagard, Paul (2019).
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413:. Kunda died in 2004.
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253:Paul Richard Thagard
51:Paul Richard Thagard
1745:People from Yorkton
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1004:demarcation problem
333:analytic philosophy
1697:Thagard's blog at
1692:Thagard's website.
1387:, 4 December 2012.
1305:(MIT Press, 1995,
1298:And co-author of:
1218:(MIT Press, 2000,
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289:; born 1950) is a
221:Philosophy of mind
157:Western philosophy
1651:, August 2, 2016.
1264:978-84-96859-21-0
1193:978-1-4008-3461-7
1110:He describes the
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134:(died 2004)
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1016:Feyerabend
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432:perception
411:Ziva Kunda
295:philosophy
169:Naturalism
132:Ziva Kunda
57:1950-09-28
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373:Ph.D.
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