900:
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417:
90:
77:
409:
602:
1807:
1152:
Kothari, S. K.; Bhattacharya, A. K.; Ramesh, S.; Garg, S. N.; Khanuja, S. P. S. (November–December 2005). "Volatile
Constituents in Oil from Different Plant Parts of Methyl Eugenol-Rich Ocimum tenuiflorum L.f. (syn. O. sanctum L.) Grown in South India".
1210:
Sundaram, R. Shanmuga; Ramanathan, M; Rajesh, R; Satheesh, B; Saravanan, D (2012). "LC-MS Quantification of
Rosmarinic Acid and Ursolic Acid in Theocimum Sanctumlinn. Leaf Extract (Holy Basil, Tulsi)".
899:
1589:
1839:
4342:
4381:
3040:
652:, with rice. Two different types of holy basil are used in Thailand, a "red" variant which tends to be more pungent, and a "white" version for seafood dishes.
3974:
550:
4290:
4368:
4303:
1832:
999:
990:
424:
Holy basil is an erect, many-branched subshrub, 30–60 cm (12–24 in) tall with hairy stems. Leaves are green or purple; they are simple,
362:. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Australia and the western Pacific. This plant has escaped from cultivation and has
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1707:
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1652:
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1434:
1407:
1136:
1085:
1060:
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1459:
1825:
549:(17%), eugenol (14%), germacrene (11%) and β-bisabolene (11%). In addition, more than 60 different aroma compounds were found through
887:
4604:
3033:
2946:
1294:"Antimicrobial Activity of Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) Essential Oil and Their Major Constituents against Three Species of Bacteria"
3991:
4569:
4329:
1536:
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1101:
995:
432:
blade up to 5 cm (2 in) long, which usually has a slightly toothed margin; they are strongly scented and have a
1811:
4599:
3026:
462:(the most common type, with broad bright green leaves that are slightly sweet), the less common purplish green-leaved (
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4355:
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4120:
3855:
3073:
2959:
2300:
2250:
1598:
1545:
1778:
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710:
553:
analysis of holy basil. However, other studies have stated tulsi essential oil consists mostly of eugenol (70%)
4579:
4049:
2969:
2835:
2549:
363:
89:
4474:
4536:
4574:
3083:
2208:
1511:
Biswas, N. P.; Biswas, A. K. (2005). "Evaluation of some leaf dusts as grain protectant against rice weevil
4282:
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4609:
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2020:
2015:
1993:
1947:
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866:
Hindus place earthen lamps in front of tulsi plants. During the Kati Bihu festival celebrated in
230:
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31:
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Padalia, Rajendra C.; Verma, Ram S. (2011). "Comparative volatile oil composition of four
850:
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127:
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extracts was tested by
Bhattacharjee et al. 2013 and Sadul et al. 2009. Both found an
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1988:
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761:
696:
For centuries, the dried leaves have been mixed with stored grains to repel insects.
681:
661:
639:
621:
617:
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522:, among others. One study reported that the plant contains an eponymous family of 10
503:
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46:
35:
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1963:
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634:
629:
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4191:
1534:
Chitwood, David J. (2002). "Phytochemical Based
Strategies for Nematode Control".
1267:
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436:
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1292:
Yamani, Hanaa A.; Pang, Edwin C.; Mantri, Nitin; Deighton, Margaret A. (2016).
17:
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495:
352:
348:
173:
4500:
3327:
1624:
1569:
1376:
1337:
1025:
400:, in which devotees perform worship involving holy basil plants or leaves.
1806:
776:
in the aqueous, and alkaloids and steroids only in the alcoholic extract.
4495:
4159:
3948:
3933:
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3730:
3650:
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2176:
2133:
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2098:
2063:
1891:
1248:"A review on phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Holy basil (
863:
765:
586:
562:
511:
397:
389:
163:
153:
140:
561:(2%), with the balance being made up of various trace compounds, mostly
4531:
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3771:
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515:
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359:
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3018:
1398:
NIIR Board, National
Institute of Industrial Research (India) (2004).
429:
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1932:
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802:
773:
523:
491:
440:
342:
183:
4136:
760:. Sundaramurthi et al 2012 finds the result to be safe to drink and
366:
in many tropical regions of the
Americas. It is an agricultural and
4456:
4334:
4256:
3996:
3963:
3943:
3938:
3892:
3814:
3786:
3781:
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3128:
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2900:
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2312:
2186:
2153:
2138:
2123:
2010:
1905:
1869:
867:
794:
600:
455:
451:
415:
407:
101:
3968:
3918:
3882:
3849:
3766:
3690:
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3430:
3395:
3158:
2638:
2353:
1983:
1973:
1854:
1426:
Herbs and
Natural Supplements, Volume 2: An Evidence-Based Guide
1402:. 2004. National Institute of Industrial Research. p. 320.
646:) — a stir-fry of Thai holy basil with meats, seafood or, as in
56:"Holy Basil" redirects here. Not to be confused with holy herb (
4243:
4140:
3022:
1821:
439:. The purplish flowers are placed in close whorls on elongated
3819:
3458:
3405:
1213:
845:(the 11th or 12th lunar day of the bright fortnight of the
827:
plant. Vaishnavites are also known as "those who bear the
1583:
Pandit, Aniruddha B.; Kumar, Jyoti Kishen (2015-07-24).
1108:. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 26 June 2023
608:– Thai holy basil with pork – a common dish in Thailand
45:"Tulasi" redirects here. For the 2007 Indian film, see
1590:
Annual Review of
Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
1479:(1 ed.). New York: Ten Speed Press. p. 338.
876:) at the foot of the household tulsi plants and pray.
4149:
4108:
4068:
4017:
4010:
3984:
3911:
3865:
3795:
3744:
3643:
3477:
3439:
3350:
3265:
3197:
3144:
3137:
3056:
2980:
2939:
2662:
2152:
1853:
1454:(7 ed.). London: Pavilion Books. p. 143.
1246:Singh, Deepika; Chaudhuri, Prabir K. (2018-08-01).
817:. The ritual lighting of lamps each evening during
30:"Tulsi" redirects here. For the Hindu goddess, see
1032:. CABI Invasive Species Compendium. 23 August 2014
593:practices for its supposed medicinal properties.
2791:
1729:. Asian Educational Services. pp. 129–131.
1051:Staples, George; Michael S. Kristiansen (1999).
3034:
1833:
8:
1753:Ethnobotany of Jalgaon District, Maharashtra
1702:. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld. p. 471.
839:is a ceremonial festival performed between
632:for certain stir-fries and curries such as
4137:
4014:
3141:
3041:
3027:
3019:
1840:
1826:
1818:
1647:. Univ of Wisconsin Press. pp. 7–40.
1636:
1634:
1423:Lesley Braun; Marc Cohen (30 March 2015).
1055:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 73.
1020:
1018:
1016:
75:
64:
1606:
1429:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 996.
1327:
1309:
355:. It is widely cultivated throughout the
1608:10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061114-123432
764:. A constituent analysis by Sadul found
1750:Pawar, Shubhangi; Patil, D. A. (2008).
1000:United States Department of Agriculture
991:Germplasm Resources Information Network
940:
883:
1756:. Daya Publishing House. p. 400.
1585:"Clean Water for Developing Countries"
1554:10.1146/annurev.phyto.40.032602.130045
950:
948:
946:
944:
486:The plant and its oil contain diverse
1287:
1285:
237:
7:
4537:30DE3385-D5D5-4352-91C8-C8DFF760F9BF
4462:301FDC53-346A-B15C-61D2-D8551D5C289A
551:gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
1674:The Blackwell companion to Hinduism
612:The leaves of holy basil, known as
34:. For the American politician, see
25:
1155:Journal of Essential Oil Research
557:(11%), β-caryophyllene (8%), and
4475:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:453130-1
1805:
1677:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 331.
962:Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens. 2023
898:
886:
376:is cultivated for religious and
88:
1779:"Kati Bihu celebrated in Assam"
1644:Plants of life, plants of death
1537:Annual Review of Phytopathology
1475:Punyaratabandhu, Leela (2017).
1131:. Orient Longman. p. 168.
1080:. Orient Longman. p. 168.
2204:Peppercorn (black/green/white)
1641:Simoons, Frederick J. (1998).
1400:Compendium of Medicinal Plants
1355:species from northern India".
870:, people light earthen lamps (
859:(the full moon of the month).
813:of Hindu houses or temples to
801:sect. It is worshipped as the
668:), which is normally known as
49:. For the Indian actress, see
1:
4585:Flora of the Marshall Islands
1268:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.03.048
1256:Industrial Crops and Products
1167:10.1080/10412905.2005.9699025
996:Agricultural Research Service
392:, and has a place within the
4590:Flora of the Mariana Islands
1369:10.1080/14786419.2010.482936
1225:10.1080/10826076.2011.606583
1191:. Drugs.com. 1 February 2022
823:includes the worship of the
656:should not be confused with
4615:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2016:Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)
1500:Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages
704:The essential oil may have
380:purposes, and also for its
4631:
809:, and is often planted in
783:
752:to be more effective than
384:. It is widely used as an
55:
44:
29:
27:Species of flowering plant
1938:Coriander leaf / Cilantro
1848:Culinary herbs and spices
1723:Underhill, M. M. (1991).
1298:Frontiers in Microbiology
711:Tylenchulus semipenetrans
685:
665:
643:
625:
236:
229:
212:
205:
85:Scientific classification
83:
74:
67:
4605:Plants described in 1753
2836:Montreal steak seasoning
1726:The Hindu Religious Year
1450:Thompson, David (2010).
1357:Natural Product Research
1311:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00681
780:Significance in Hinduism
628:), are commonly used in
4069:Fruits and other plants
1517:Environment and Ecology
1129:Indian Medicinal Plants
1078:Indian Medicinal Plants
312:Plectranthus monachorum
240:Geniosporum tenuiflorum
4570:Flora of tropical Asia
2792:
1698:Wilkins, W.J. (2003).
793:is a sacred plant for
609:
470:) and the common wild
421:
413:
40:Tulsi (disambiguation)
38:. For other uses, see
1127:Warrier, P K (1995).
1076:Warrier, P K (1995).
1053:Ethnic Culinary Herbs
604:
419:
411:
256:Moschosma tenuiflorum
248:Lumnitzera tenuiflora
2687:Beau monde seasoning
2052:Limnophila aromatica
1814:at Wikimedia Commons
717:Meloidogyne javanica
378:traditional medicine
351:plant in the family
329:, commonly known as
4600:Flora of Queensland
3050:Worship in Hinduism
2811:Jamaican jerk spice
2433:Japanese pricklyash
842:Prabodhini Ekadashi
797:, particularly the
708:properties against
585:) has been used in
541:are camphor (32%),
388:, commonly used in
299:B.Heyne ex Hook.f.
198:O. tenuiflorum
58:Verbena officinalis
4423:Ocimum tenuiflorum
4410:Ocimum_tenuiflorum
4181:Ocimum tenuiflorum
4151:Ocimum tenuiflorum
3469:Om Namo Narayanaya
2787:Herbes de Provence
2418:Grains of paradise
2281:Crushed red pepper
1995:Houttuynia cordata
1812:Ocimum tenuiflorum
1104:Ocimum tenuiflorum
1028:Ocimum tenuiflorum
984:Ocimum tenuiflorum
958:Ocimum tenuiflorum
831:around the neck".
610:
476:Ocimum gratissimum
422:
414:
368:environmental weed
326:Ocimum tenuiflorum
296:Ocimum subserratum
216:Ocimum tenuiflorum
69:Ocimum tenuiflorum
32:Tulasi in Hinduism
4547:
4546:
4395:Open Tree of Life
4143:Taxon identifiers
4134:
4133:
4104:
4103:
4095:Tulasi Vrindavana
3346:
3345:
3308:Panchayatana puja
3016:
3015:
2988:Chinese herbology
2866:Pumpkin pie spice
2846:Old Bay Seasoning
2806:Italian seasoning
2752:Five-spice powder
2054:(rice-paddy herb)
1897:Indian bay leaf (
1810:Media related to
1763:978-81-7035-515-1
1736:978-81-206-0523-7
1709:978-81-246-0234-8
1684:978-0-631-21535-6
1654:978-0-299-15904-7
1513:Sitophilus oryzae
1486:978-0-399-57831-1
1436:978-0-7295-8173-8
1409:978-81-86623-80-0
1138:978-0-86311-551-6
1087:978-0-86311-551-6
1062:978-0-8248-2094-7
786:Tulsi in Hinduism
750:alcoholic extract
729:Heterodera cajani
649:khao phat kraphao
526:compounds called
347:, is an aromatic
322:
321:
316:
308:
304:Ocimum tomentosum
300:
292:
284:
280:Ocimum monachorum
276:
268:
260:
252:
244:
16:(Redirected from
4622:
4595:Flora of Vanuatu
4540:
4539:
4527:
4526:
4514:
4513:
4504:
4503:
4491:
4490:
4478:
4477:
4465:
4464:
4452:
4451:
4439:
4438:
4426:
4425:
4413:
4412:
4403:
4402:
4390:
4389:
4377:
4376:
4364:
4363:
4351:
4350:
4338:
4337:
4325:
4324:
4312:
4311:
4299:
4298:
4286:
4285:
4273:
4272:
4260:
4259:
4247:
4246:
4234:
4233:
4221:
4220:
4208:
4207:
4195:
4194:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4138:
4015:
3903:Pilgrimage sites
3464:Om Namah Shivaya
3313:Prana Pratishtha
3293:Kumbhabhishekham
3142:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3020:
2797:
2604:Tasmanian pepper
2585:Sichuan pepper (
2540:Pomegranate seed
2354:Dill / Dill seed
2209:Brazilian pepper
2172:Alligator pepper
1926:garlic / Chinese
1842:
1835:
1828:
1819:
1809:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1783:BW Businessworld
1774:
1768:
1767:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1638:
1629:
1628:
1610:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1508:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1331:
1313:
1289:
1280:
1279:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1022:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1006:
978:
972:
971:
969:
967:
952:
902:
890:
692:Insect repellent
687:
674:Thai lemon basil
667:
645:
627:
520:cinnamyl acetate
314:
306:
298:
290:
282:
274:
266:
258:
250:
242:
218:
93:
92:
79:
65:
51:Tulasi (actress)
21:
4630:
4629:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4580:Flora of Taiwan
4550:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4535:
4530:
4522:
4517:
4509:
4507:
4499:
4494:
4486:
4481:
4473:
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4455:
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4434:
4429:
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4416:
4408:
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4398:
4393:
4385:
4380:
4372:
4367:
4359:
4354:
4346:
4341:
4333:
4328:
4320:
4315:
4307:
4302:
4294:
4289:
4281:
4276:
4268:
4263:
4255:
4250:
4242:
4237:
4229:
4224:
4216:
4211:
4203:
4198:
4190:
4188:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4145:
4135:
4130:
4100:
4064:
4006:
3980:
3907:
3861:
3791:
3740:
3639:
3473:
3435:
3411:Sandhyavandanam
3364:
3342:
3318:Sandhyavandanam
3261:
3193:
3133:
3052:
3047:
3017:
3012:
2976:
2935:
2911:Tandoori masala
2658:
2535:Peruvian pepper
2423:Grains of Selim
2408:Aromatic ginger
2341:Bunium persicum
2148:
1849:
1846:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1787:
1785:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1700:Hindu Mythology
1697:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1669:Flood, Gavin D.
1667:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1640:
1639:
1632:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1461:9-781862-055148
1449:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1397:
1396:
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1350:
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1291:
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975:
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942:
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920:
913:
903:
894:
891:
882:
862:Every evening,
788:
782:
738:
723:Anguina tritici
702:
694:
606:Phat kaphrao mu
599:
576:
571:
535:aroma compounds
484:
446:The three main
406:
357:Southeast Asian
272:Ocimum inodorum
264:Ocimum hirsutum
225:
220:
214:
201:
87:
61:
54:
43:
28:
23:
22:
18:Thai holy basil
15:
12:
11:
5:
4628:
4626:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4575:Flora of China
4572:
4567:
4562:
4552:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4528:
4524:wfo-0000253537
4515:
4505:
4492:
4479:
4466:
4453:
4440:
4427:
4414:
4404:
4391:
4378:
4365:
4352:
4339:
4326:
4313:
4300:
4287:
4274:
4261:
4248:
4235:
4222:
4209:
4196:
4186:
4171:
4155:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4132:
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4128:
4123:
4118:
4112:
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4106:
4105:
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4101:
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4072:
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4027:
4021:
4019:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3988:
3986:
3985:Sacred animals
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3878:Dhvajastambham
3875:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3835:Pillaiyar Suḻi
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3784:
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3723:
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3698:
3693:
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3522:
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3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3449:Gayatri Mantra
3445:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
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3378:
3373:
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3357:
3351:
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3340:
3335:
3330:
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3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
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3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3249:
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3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
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3195:
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3071:
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3053:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3023:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2981:Related topics
2978:
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2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2841:Mulling spices
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
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2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2717:Cinnamon sugar
2714:
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2704:
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2629:Voatsiperifery
2626:
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2378:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2334:Nigella sativa
2325:
2320:
2318:Coriander seed
2315:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2298:
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2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1991:
1986:
1981:
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1966:
1961:
1956:
1955:
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1945:
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1930:
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1815:
1801:
1800:External links
1798:
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1794:
1769:
1762:
1742:
1735:
1715:
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1690:
1683:
1660:
1653:
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1599:Annual Reviews
1575:
1546:Annual Reviews
1526:
1503:
1492:
1485:
1467:
1460:
1442:
1435:
1415:
1408:
1390:
1363:(6): 569–575.
1343:
1281:
1250:Ocimum sanctum
1238:
1202:
1180:
1161:(6): 656–658.
1144:
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856:Kartik Purnima
784:Main article:
781:
778:
746:O. tenuiflorum
737:
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701:
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598:
595:
575:
572:
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567:
504:caryophyllenes
488:phytochemicals
483:
482:Phytochemicals
480:
450:cultivated in
420:Magnified leaf
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402:
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309:
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288:Ocimum sanctum
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4610:Indian spices
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4424:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4405:
4401:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4370:
4366:
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4340:
4336:
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4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4061:
4060:Sacred groves
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4011:Sacred plants
4009:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
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3727:
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3707:
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3404:
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3399:
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3387:
3384:
3382:
3381:Brahmamuhurta
3379:
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3255:
3253:
3252:Putrakameshti
3250:
3248:
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2882:
2881:Ras el hanout
2879:
2877:
2876:Quatre épices
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
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2816:Khmeli suneli
2814:
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2809:
2807:
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2802:
2799:
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2790:
2788:
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2780:
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2768:
2765:
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2762:Garlic powder
2760:
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2723:
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2698:
2697:Bouquet garni
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2464:
2463:Litsea cubeba
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:Juniper berry
2436:
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2426:
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2264:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2241:Celery powder
2239:
2237:
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2227:
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2222:
2220:
2217:
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2212:
2210:
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2197:
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2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
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2053:
2049:
2047:
2046:Lemon verbena
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
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1996:
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1987:
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1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1530:
1527:
1523:(3): 485–488.
1522:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1468:
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1120:
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1089:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1044:
1031:
1030:(holy basil)"
1029:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1001:
997:
993:
992:
987:
985:
977:
974:
961:
959:
951:
949:
947:
945:
941:
934:
930:
929:Sacred groves
927:
925:
922:
921:
917:
911:
907:
901:
896:
893:Inflorescence
889:
884:
879:
877:
875:
874:
869:
865:
860:
858:
857:
852:
848:
844:
843:
838:
837:
836:Tulasi Vivaha
832:
830:
826:
822:
821:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
787:
779:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:antimicrobial
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
735:
733:
731:
730:
725:
724:
719:
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713:
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679:
675:
671:
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:
641:
637:
636:
631:
623:
619:
618:Thai language
615:
607:
603:
596:
594:
592:
588:
584:
580:
573:
568:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
539:essential oil
536:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
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501:
497:
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489:
481:
479:
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453:
449:
444:
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438:
435:
431:
427:
418:
410:
403:
401:
399:
396:tradition of
395:
391:
387:
383:
382:essential oil
379:
375:
371:
369:
365:
361:
358:
354:
350:
346:
345:
344:
338:
337:
332:
328:
327:
315:(L.) Spreng.
313:
310:
305:
302:
297:
294:
289:
286:
281:
278:
273:
270:
265:
262:
257:
254:
251:(L.) Spreng.
249:
246:
241:
238:
235:
232:
228:
224:
219:
217:
211:
208:
207:Binomial name
204:
200:
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120:
119:
116:
115:Tracheophytes
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
91:
86:
82:
78:
73:
70:
66:
63:
59:
52:
48:
47:Tulasi (film)
41:
37:
36:Tulsi Gabbard
33:
19:
4150:
4126:Temple dance
4045:Kalpavriksha
3973:
3854:
3725:
3635:Yajnopavitam
3610:Prayer beads
3454:Hare Krishna
3391:Jai Shri Ram
3247:Purushamedha
3164:Panchamakara
2861:Powder-douce
2851:Panch phoron
2821:Lemon pepper
2757:Garam masala
2747:Fines herbes
2727:Curry powder
2707:Chaat masala
2586:
2565:Sarsaparilla
2525:Onion powder
2473:Mango-ginger
2339:
2332:
2266:Chili powder
2051:
2041:Lemon myrtle
1998:
1994:
1949:
1948:Vietnamese (
1898:
1874:
1862:
1786:. Retrieved
1782:
1772:
1752:
1745:
1725:
1718:
1699:
1693:
1673:
1663:
1643:
1594:
1588:
1578:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1495:
1476:
1470:
1451:
1445:
1425:
1418:
1399:
1393:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1301:
1297:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1241:
1216:
1212:
1205:
1193:. Retrieved
1189:"Holy basil"
1183:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1128:
1122:
1110:. Retrieved
1103:
1096:
1077:
1071:
1052:
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1027:
1003:. Retrieved
989:
983:
976:
964:. Retrieved
957:
924:Sacred trees
909:
906:Prayer beads
871:
861:
854:
840:
834:
833:
828:
824:
818:
790:
789:
745:
742:disinfection
739:
736:Disinfection
727:
721:
715:
709:
703:
695:
677:
657:
653:
647:
635:phat kaphrao
633:
630:Thai cuisine
613:
611:
605:
597:Thai cuisine
582:
578:
577:
547:⍺-bisabolene
532:
528:tulsinol A-J
527:
490:, including
485:
475:
471:
467:
459:
445:
423:
373:
372:
341:
340:
335:
334:
330:
325:
324:
323:
311:
303:
295:
287:
279:
271:
263:
259:(L.) Heynh.
255:
247:
239:
215:
213:
197:
196:
184:
147:
134:
121:
108:
68:
62:
4317:iNaturalist
4175:Wikispecies
4116:Firewalking
4081:Kusha grass
4025:Akshayavata
3888:Temple tank
3797:Iconography
3745:Instruments
3701:Panchagavya
3595:Panchamrita
3500:Banana leaf
3257:Viraja Homa
3189:Pushpanjali
3169:Panchamrita
3057:Main topics
2960:Bangladeshi
2891:Sharena sol
2886:Recado rojo
2871:Qâlat daqqa
2831:Mixed spice
2767:Garlic salt
2732:Doubanjiang
2468:Long pepper
2428:Horseradish
2246:Celery seed
2119:Sanshō leaf
2036:Lemon grass
1601:: 217–246.
1548:: 221–249.
1262:: 367–382.
847:Hindu month
799:Vaishnavite
706:nematicidal
700:Nematicidal
581:(Sanskrit:
468:Shyam tulsi
448:morphotypes
364:naturalized
243:(L.) Merr.
128:Angiosperms
4554:Categories
4436:kew-137105
4431:Plant List
3825:Panchaloha
3805:Ashtadhatu
3550:Agarabattī
3485:Puja thali
3371:Ajapa japa
3360:Meditation
3298:Nityakarma
3288:Karmakāṇḍa
3283:Ashvamedha
3237:Kamyakarma
3222:Agnikaryam
3212:Agnicayana
2998:Marination
2993:Herbal tea
2955:Australian
2951:By region
2926:Yuzu koshō
2916:Thuna paha
2856:Persillade
2609:Tonka bean
2545:Poppy seed
2453:Dried lime
2376:Fingerroot
2291:New Mexico
2199:Asafoetida
2031:Lemon balm
1989:Hoja santa
1969:Curry leaf
1788:2022-06-09
1515:(Linn.)".
1219:(5): 634.
935:References
908:made from
811:courtyards
758:leaf juice
672:, or with
670:Thai basil
559:germacrene
543:eucalyptol
496:flavonoids
472:vana tulsi
437:phyllotaxy
428:, with an
404:Morphology
386:herbal tea
331:holy basil
4283:230003909
4265:FloraBase
3840:Shaligram
3777:Mridangam
3762:Karatalas
3757:Harmonium
3706:Rudraksha
3644:Materials
3560:Kamandalu
3495:Banalinga
3426:Third eye
3416:Śaktipāta
3278:Ashirvada
3242:Pravargya
3217:Agnihotra
3174:Parikrama
3154:Abhisheka
3084:Festivals
3008:Spice rub
3003:Seasoning
2970:Pakistani
2801:Idli podi
2772:Gochujang
2722:Crab boil
2639:Yuzu zest
2570:Sassafras
2458:Liquorice
2364:Fenugreek
2301:Cultivars
1617:1947-5438
1562:0066-4286
1452:Thai food
1385:205836713
1320:1664-302X
1276:0926-6690
766:alkaloids
644:ผัดกะเพรา
587:Ayurvedic
555:β-elemene
533:Specific
524:neolignan
508:carvacrol
460:Ram tulsi
434:decussate
394:Vaishnava
353:Lamiaceae
349:perennial
192:Species:
174:Lamiaceae
98:Kingdom:
4501:50088952
4496:Tropicos
4407:PalDat:
4348:11242973
4335:453130-1
4160:Wikidata
4121:Samskara
4109:See also
4050:Parijata
3949:Sannyasa
3934:Purohita
3845:Swastika
3731:Turmeric
3686:Marigold
3651:Agarwood
3625:Tilakamu
3565:Khirapat
3515:Dhunachi
3386:Jagarana
3338:Upakarma
3273:Achamana
3227:Aupasana
2947:Culinary
2921:Vadouvan
2896:Shichimi
2794:Húng lìu
2614:Turmeric
2599:Tamarind
2448:Korarima
2381:Galangal
2349:Deulkkae
2308:Cinnamon
2286:Jalapeño
2276:Chipotle
2224:Cardamom
2177:Allspice
2144:Woodruff
2134:Tarragon
2099:Rosemary
2064:Marjoram
2026:Lavender
2021:Kkaennip
1959:Culantro
1943:Bolivian
1892:Bay leaf
1864:Angelica
1671:(2001).
1625:26247291
1570:12147760
1377:21409717
1338:27242708
1233:95225535
1175:95551382
918:See also
770:steroids
678:maenglak
574:Culinary
563:terpenes
512:linalool
426:petioled
398:Hinduism
390:Ayurveda
275:Burm.f.
231:Synonyms
170:Family:
164:Lamiales
154:Asterids
141:Eudicots
4532:ZooBank
4296:2927100
4226:Ecocrop
4166:Q960124
4093: (
4040:Kadamba
3975:more...
3959:Satguru
3856:more...
3772:Manjira
3736:Vibhuti
3716:Sindūra
3711:Candana
3696:Panakam
3681:Kumkuma
3676:Incense
3661:Camphor
3630:Utsavar
3620:Shankha
3615:Rangoli
3580:Mulavar
3555:Kalasha
3540:Garland
3510:Coconut
3478:Objects
3441:Mantras
3333:Tarpana
3323:Shuddhi
3184:Prasada
3179:Pranāma
3138:Rituals
3091: (
3079:Deities
3074:Darshan
2931:Za'atar
2826:Mitmita
2777:Harissa
2692:Berbere
2682:Baharat
2649:Zereshk
2644:Zedoary
2624:Vanilla
2587:huājiāo
2560:Saffron
2550:Radhuni
2530:Paprika
2515:Njangsa
2510:Nigella
2488:Mustard
2386:greater
2296:Tabasco
2271:Cayenne
2251:Charoli
2219:Caraway
2214:Camphor
2182:Amchoor
2094:Perilla
2089:Parsley
2084:Oregano
2079:Mitsuba
2074:Mugwort
1999:giấp cá
1979:Epazote
1950:rau răm
1916:Chervil
1477:Bangkok
1329:4868837
1304:: 681.
1195:26 June
1112:26 June
1036:26 June
966:26 June
880:Gallery
864:Bengali
851:Kartika
815:Hanuman
807:Lakshmi
774:tannins
754:aqueous
658:horapha
654:Kaphrao
616:in the
614:kaphrao
545:(19%),
537:in the
516:camphor
500:eugenol
492:tannins
474:(e.g.,
464:Krishna
441:racemes
412:Flowers
360:tropics
267:Benth.
180:Genus:
160:Order:
102:Plantae
4565:Ocimum
4511:478578
4508:uBio:
4444:PLANTS
4400:782204
4387:204149
4374:507863
4361:110287
4322:181060
4244:480298
4192:117415
4189:APDB:
4091:Tulasi
4055:Peepal
4035:Banyan
4030:Ashoka
3929:Pujari
3924:Pandit
3898:Temple
3873:Ashram
3866:Places
3810:Lingam
3752:Dholak
3726:Tulasi
3600:Pandal
3585:Paduka
3545:Ghanta
3535:Cāmara
3505:Biruda
3421:Stotra
3401:Kirtan
3376:Bhajan
3355:Prayer
3328:Śrauta
3303:Ngejot
3119:Utsava
3114:Tilaka
3104:Mantra
3099:Kirtan
3069:Bhajan
2965:Indian
2782:Hawaij
2737:Douchi
2712:Chaunk
2677:Advieh
2672:Adjika
2664:Blends
2634:Wasabi
2575:Sesame
2520:Nutmeg
2483:Mahleb
2478:Mastic
2413:Golpar
2403:Ginger
2398:Garlic
2391:lesser
2359:Fennel
2256:Chenpi
2236:Cassia
2167:Ajwain
2162:Aonori
2154:Spices
2129:Sorrel
2114:Savory
2059:Lovage
2006:Hyssop
1933:Cicely
1921:Chives
1911:Borage
1899:tejpat
1760:
1733:
1706:
1681:
1651:
1623:
1615:
1568:
1560:
1483:
1458:
1433:
1406:
1383:
1375:
1353:Ocimum
1336:
1326:
1318:
1274:
1231:
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1135:
1084:
1059:
1005:7 July
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820:Kartik
803:avatar
795:Hindus
791:Tulasi
772:, and
744:using
740:Water
726:, and
686:แมงลัก
666:โหระพา
626:กะเพรา
591:Siddha
583:Surasa
579:Tulasi
518:, and
374:Tulasi
343:tulasi
185:Ocimum
4560:Herbs
4488:86595
4457:Plazi
4449:OCTE2
4343:IRMNG
4309:25491
4270:13969
4257:OCISA
4218:48GKB
4205:85196
4086:Lotus
4018:Trees
3997:Horse
3964:Swami
3944:Sadhu
3939:Rishi
3912:Roles
3893:Matha
3830:Pindi
3815:Murti
3787:Veena
3782:Tabla
3666:Charu
3605:Pinda
3590:Palki
3575:Kolam
3570:Kindi
3525:Dhupa
3520:Dhuni
3490:Altar
3266:Other
3232:Dhuni
3207:Yajna
3129:Yatra
3124:Vrata
3109:Murti
3093:Yajna
3064:Ārati
2940:Lists
2906:Tajin
2901:Tabil
2742:Duqqa
2702:Buknu
2619:Uzazi
2594:Sumac
2580:Shiso
2503:white
2498:brown
2493:black
2443:Kokum
2328:Cumin
2323:Cubeb
2313:Clove
2261:Chili
2229:black
2187:Anise
2139:Thyme
2124:Shiso
2011:Jimbu
1964:Cress
1906:Boldo
1885:Lemon
1870:Basil
1855:Herbs
1777:ANI.
1597:(1).
1544:(1).
1381:S2CID
1229:S2CID
1171:S2CID
910:tulsi
868:Assam
829:tulsi
825:tulsi
456:Nepal
452:India
430:ovate
336:tulsi
307:Lam.
148:Clade
135:Clade
122:Clade
109:Clade
4470:POWO
4418:PfaF
4382:NCBI
4369:ITIS
4330:IPNI
4304:GRIN
4291:GBIF
4252:EPPO
4231:8037
4200:APNI
4076:Bael
4002:Nāga
3969:Yogi
3954:Sant
3919:Guru
3883:Ghat
3850:Yoni
3767:Khol
3721:Soma
3691:Milk
3671:Ghee
3656:Alta
3530:Diya
3431:Yoga
3396:Japa
3199:Homa
3159:Bhog
3146:Puja
3089:Homa
2654:Zest
2555:Rose
2369:blue
2192:star
2109:Sage
2069:Mint
1984:Hemp
1974:Dill
1880:Thai
1875:Holy
1758:ISBN
1731:ISBN
1704:ISBN
1679:ISBN
1649:ISBN
1621:PMID
1613:ISSN
1566:PMID
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1197:2023
1133:ISBN
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1082:ISBN
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1007:2021
968:2023
912:wood
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682:Thai
662:Thai
640:Thai
622:Thai
589:and
569:Uses
458:are
454:and
4519:WFO
4483:RHS
4356:ISC
4278:FNA
4239:EoL
4213:CoL
3992:Cow
2104:Rue
1603:doi
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1365:doi
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