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spacecraft in 1971. They were among the few surface features visible as the spacecraft entered orbit during a global dust storm. Appearing as faint spots through the dusty haze, they were informally christened North Spot, Middle Spot, and South Spot. A fourth spot corresponding to the albedo feature
257:
The three
Tharsis Montes volcanoes are evenly spaced about 700 km (430 mi) apart from peak to peak, in a line oriented from southwest to northeast. This alignment is unlikely to be coincidental. Several smaller volcanic centers northeast of the Tharsis Montes are on an extension of the
269:
258:
line. The three volcanoes, most notably Arsia Mons, also all have collapse features and rifts, from which flank eruptions issued, that transect them along the same northeast-southwest trend. The line clearly represents a major structural feature of the planet, but its origin is uncertain.
213:
The three
Tharsis Montes volcanoes are enormous by terrestrial standards, ranging in diameter from 375 km (233 mi) (Pavonis Mons) to 475 km (295 mi) (Arsia Mons). Ascraeus Mons is the tallest with a summit elevation of over 18 km (59,000 ft), or 15 km
225:
The
Tharsis Montes volcanoes lie near the equator, along the crest of a vast volcanic plateau called the Tharsis region or Tharsis bulge. The Tharsis region is thousands of kilometers across and averages nearly 10 km (33,000 ft) above the mean elevation of the planet.
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over the image to see the names of over 60 prominent geographic features, and click to link to them. Coloring of the base map indicates relative
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in the Solar System, is located about 1,200 km (750 mi) northwest of the
Tharsis Montes, at the edge of the Tharsis region.
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222:, is about 120 km (75 mi) across and stands 9 km (30,000 ft) above the ocean floor.
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246:. As the dust cleared, it became obvious that the spots were the tops of enormous
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214:(49,000 ft) base-to-peak. For comparison, the tallest volcano on Earth,
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864:
603:
Masursky, H. (1973). An
Overview of Geological Results from Mariner 9.
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909:
219:
574:
Plescia, J.B. (2004). Morphometric
Properties of Martian Volcanoes.
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327:
The caldera of
Ascraeus Mons, northernmost peak of Tharsis Montes.
202:) is the Latin word for mountain; it is a descriptor term used in
732:
409:
179:
705:
159:
34:
topographic map of the
Tharsis Montes and their surroundings.
130:
127:
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655:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 63.
136:
701:
1711:
692:
NASA/Ames Mars Atlas feature entry for
Tharsis Montes
439:. Whites and browns indicate the highest elevations (
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995:
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757:
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144:
124:
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96:
59:
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594:Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, p. 46.
451:; greens and blues are lower elevations (down to
315:Pavonis Mons, the central peak of Tharsis Montes.
303:Arsia Mons, southernmost peak of Tharsis Montes.
341:
242:Nix Olympica was also visible and later named
717:
522:List of tallest mountains in the Solar System
275:Three volcanoes comprise the Tharsis Montes:
8:
679:Cambridge University Press: New York, p. 70.
19:
1474:
1255:
754:
724:
710:
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237:The Tharsis Montes were discovered by the
25:
639:Oxford University Press: New York, p. 72.
182:. From north to south, the volcanoes are
38:is at upper left; the western end of the
1718:
549:
265:
18:
619:Carr, M.H. (1973). Volcanism on Mars.
564:. USGS Astrogeology Research Program.
287:(in the north). Image mosaic is from
7:
562:Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
517:List of mountains on Mars by height
14:
1721:
1694:
1683:
1682:
408:
320:
308:
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206:for mountainous features in the
120:
443:); followed by pinks and reds (
1:
697:Tharsis Montes on Google Mars
1139:Recurring slope lineae (RSL)
431:Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter
100:Ascraeus Mons (18.2 km)
1573:Inspiration Mars Foundation
1767:
1608:Artificial objects on Mars
637:Mars: the Mystery Unfolds;
1677:
1625:List of films set on Mars
1440:C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)
1237:Classical albedo features
739:
533:True polar wander on Mars
429:, based on data from the
419:global topography of Mars
24:
1543:List of missions to Mars
635:Cattermole, P.J. (2001)
1701:Solar System portal
1315:Solar eclipses on Mars
1174:"Swiss cheese" feature
1030:Concentric crater fill
649:Carr, Michael (2006).
497:
415:Interactive image map
406:
250:with complex central
178:region of the planet
1515:Permanent settlement
677:The Surface of Mars;
592:The Surface of Mars;
436:Mars Global Surveyor
333:Interactive Mars map
254:(collapse craters).
230:, the tallest known
42:canyon system, with
1657:Timekeeping on Mars
1334:Planetary transits
1319:Satellite transits
1232:Observation history
1080:Lobate debris apron
675:Carr, M.H. (2006).
652:The Surface of Mars
626:(20), p. 4049-4062.
590:Carr, M.H. (2006).
77: /
21:
581:(E03003), Table 1.
498:
170:) are three large
44:Noctis Labyrinthus
1749:Volcanoes of Mars
1744:Mountains on Mars
1709:
1708:
1662:Sol (day on Mars)
1630:Martian scientist
1613:Memorials on Mars
1596:
1595:
1567:The Case for Mars
1464:
1463:
1245:
1244:
1179:Terrain softening
1144:Ring mold craters
1112:North Polar Basin
1035:Dark slope streak
880:Vastitas Borealis
777:Dust devil tracks
662:978-0-511-27041-3
605:J. Geophys. Res.,
538:Volcanism on Mars
512:Geography of Mars
483:Mars Memorial map
441:+12 to +8 km
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111:
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1560:The Mars Project
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1117:Ocean hypothesis
967:Outflow channels
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621:J. Geophys. Res.
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610:(20), 4009–4030.
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576:J. Geophys. Res.
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558:"Tharsis Montes"
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445:+8 to +3 km
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283:(at center) and
279:(in the south),
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248:shield volcanoes
172:shield volcanoes
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1273:Stickney crater
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1045:Fretted terrain
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845:Sinus Meridiani
830:Planum Australe
805:Cerberus (Mars)
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742:Outline of Mars
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81:1.57°N 112.58°W
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55:Tharsis Region
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20:Tharsis Montes
16:Montes on Mars
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189:
185:
184:Ascraeus Mons
181:
177:
173:
167:
117:
107:
103:
99:
95:
90:
86:1.57; -112.58
62:
58:
54:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
28:
23:
1728:Solar System
1647:Life on Mars
1642:Flag of Mars
1583:Mars Society
1565:
1558:
1525:Terraforming
1520:Colonization
1290:Swift crater
1132:polar wander
860:Terra Sabaea
800:Arabia Terra
676:
671:
651:
644:
636:
631:
623:
620:
615:
607:
604:
599:
591:
586:
578:
575:
570:
561:
552:
500:
481:
475:
434:
281:Pavonis Mons
256:
244:Olympus Mons
236:
228:Olympus Mons
224:
212:
208:Solar System
204:astrogeology
199:
188:Pavonis Mons
115:
113:
36:Olympus Mons
1470:Exploration
1392:5261 Eureka
1060:Groundwater
1025:Composition
850:Tempe Terra
840:Quadrangles
767:Circulation
474:(See also:
471:are noted.
84: /
60:Coordinates
1738:Categories
1127:Polar caps
1107:Mud cracks
1090:Meteorites
1075:Lava tubes
1010:Carbonates
945:Labyrinthi
820:Iani Chaos
759:Atmosphere
545:References
453:−8 km
433:on NASA's
427:elevations
423:your mouse
277:Arsia Mons
192:Arsia Mons
105:Discoverer
1652:Sub-Earth
1635:Mythology
1588:Mars race
1355:Asteroids
1251:Astronomy
1222:Hesperian
1217:Amazonian
1189:Volcanism
1164:Spherules
1085:Marsquake
1040:Dichotomy
955:by height
950:Mountains
750:Geography
465:longitude
449:0 km
239:Mariner 9
216:Mauna Kea
108:Mariner 9
1688:Category
1552:Advocacy
1535:Missions
1478:Concepts
1307:Transits
1278:Monolith
1227:Noachian
1199:Yardangs
1095:on Earth
1055:Glaciers
900:"Canals"
892:features
890:Physical
505:See also
461:latitude
421:. Hover
289:Viking 1
252:calderas
232:mountain
198:(plural
72:112°35′W
52:Location
1620:Fiction
1601:Related
1495:Landing
1490:Orbiter
1449:General
1418:2007 NS
1408:1999 UJ
1398:1998 VF
1387:Trojans
1374:2007 WD
1363:Impacts
1343:Mercury
1209:History
1169:Surface
1100:on Mars
1065:Gullies
1050:Geysers
997:Geology
987:Gravity
982:Valleys
935:Gullies
925:Craters
915:Catenae
910:Canyons
865:Tharsis
810:Cydonia
792:Regions
782:Methane
772:Climate
529:plateau
527:Tharsis
492:discuss
417:of the
262:Gallery
176:Tharsis
174:in the
1714:Portal
1692:
1681:
1433:Comets
1328:Deimos
1323:Phobos
1285:Deimos
1268:Phobos
972:Plains
940:Mensae
930:Fossae
659:
220:Hawaii
200:montes
69:1°34′N
1500:Rover
1485:Flyby
1456:Orbit
1338:Earth
1260:Moons
1194:Water
1070:Lakes
1020:Color
870:Undae
1159:Soil
904:list
733:Mars
657:ISBN
488:view
480:and
463:and
459:are
457:Axes
196:Mons
190:and
180:Mars
114:The
97:Peak
32:MOLA
579:109
486:) (
455:).
218:in
131:ɑːr
1740::
1400:31
624:78
608:78
560:.
490:•
467:;
210:.
194:.
186:,
160:iː
1716::
1420:2
1410:7
1377:5
906:)
902:(
725:e
718:t
711:v
665:.
494:)
166:/
163:z
157:t
154:n
151:ɒ
148:m
145:ˈ
140:s
137:ɪ
134:s
128:θ
125:ˈ
122:/
118:(
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