413:
561:
549:
513:
609:
573:
501:
585:
525:
425:
597:
633:
621:
465:
477:
453:
439:
61:
537:
489:
399:
223:(Young Turk) government's blatant disregard of the Armenian lives who resided in Historic Armenia. The Hunchaks feared that this disregard would only escalate as time passed. The Hunchaks also stressed the importance of a United Independent Armenia which would be impossible under the dictatorial Young Turk government's rule of the
234:
I - As stated in its original program, the party was to move from licit to illicit activities, thus becoming once again a covert organization. II - To plan and assassinate the leaders of the
Ittihad (Young Turk) party, the same leaders that carried out the Adana massacres of 1909, and thus the same
809:
722:
648:
Since their execution, the Twenty
Martyrs have been a source of inspiration for thousands of young Armenians throughout the world, most especially to those who joined the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party and fought under its banner.
247:
243:(Arshavir Sahakian), a secret agent; consequently as soon as the delegates arrived in Constantinople, they were arrested. By the end of the year a total of one hundred and forty Hunchak leaders were arrested.
274:, known as Sultan Bayazid Square. Paramaz's last words before his hanging were, "You can only hang our bodies, but not our ideology. ...You will see tomorrow on the Eastern horizon a Socialist Armenia."
37:
1281:
959:
1383:
1373:
1495:
1172:
1124:
974:
1256:
1177:
859:
1410:
1357:
1505:
1230:
1004:
1464:
1427:
1417:
1246:
1090:
1269:
1405:
1251:
984:
735:
1289:
254:
After spending two years in terrible conditions in
Ottoman prisons, and undergoing lengthy mock trials, twenty prominent figures -
204:
176:
112:
32:
1193:
954:
882:
852:
1510:
1060:
810:"ՍԴՀԿ-ն Թուրքիայում կհիշեցնի 1915 թվականի հունիսի 15-ին Սուլթան-Բայազեթ հրապարակում կախաղան բարձրացված 20 հնչակյանների մասին"
1474:
1390:
1378:
1304:
933:
1321:
964:
928:
1469:
1344:
1107:
1085:
1035:
560:
548:
512:
1500:
1020:
979:
845:
727:
1160:
1025:
1055:
1395:
1140:
1065:
1045:
1030:
412:
1351:
1337:
923:
813:
663:
On June 15, 2010, a panel discussion was held in
Yerevan and the hanged activists were commemorated at the
1447:
608:
584:
572:
524:
500:
424:
184:
1145:
918:
902:
632:
620:
596:
464:
476:
452:
438:
1264:
938:
1095:
892:
536:
488:
287:
66:
240:
215:, in 1913, had a unique and great importance not only for the Hunchaks, but in the history of the
1311:
897:
717:
1223:
829:
699:
1299:
992:
887:
868:
731:
430:
364:
311:
267:
259:
192:
180:
154:
78:
52:
1400:
1333:
1165:
1100:
997:
1422:
1155:
1132:
664:
444:
321:
263:
216:
773:
17:
1452:
907:
271:
224:
82:
398:
266:
and others were sentenced to death by hanging. A few weeks after the beginning of the
1489:
1218:
28:
1294:
1208:
1198:
723:"They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else": A History of the Armenian Genocide
305:
208:
60:
235:
leaders who at that moment were planning the annihilation of the
Armenian people.
1213:
1203:
912:
325:
1113:
795:
674:
with the attendance of human rights organizations and
Turkish intellectuals.
652:
In 2001 the monument of
Paramaz and his 19 Hunchakian comrades was opened in
1150:
671:
219:
as a whole. During the convention, members stressed their concern of the
188:
86:
791:
1040:
792:"Կլոր սեղան-քննարկում' նվիրված ՍԴՀԿ 20 անդամների նահատակման 95-ամյակին"
657:
404:
363:
Karnig Krikor
Boyajian - Գառնիկ Գրիգոր Պօյաճեան (from Shabin-Karahisar
315:
298:
255:
220:
212:
125:
270:
on June 15, 1915, all twenty men were hanged in the central square of
246:
653:
283:
1050:
837:
336:
239:
However, these secret objectives were passed on to the
Ottomans by
1457:
774:"Monument of Paramaz Officially Opened in Meghri's Central Square"
245:
304:
Dr. Benne (Bedros
Torosian) - Տքթ. Պէննէ (Պետրոս Թորոսեան), from
841:
750:"Tchahakir" Armenian weekly, # 1594, June 21, 2007, Cairo, p.3
689:"Tchahakir" Armenian weekly, # 1523, June 17, 2004, Cairo, p.1
282:
The names are written according to the writer and publisher
230:
Thus the convention adjourned with two main objectives:
960:
Deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915
1440:
1366:
1320:
1280:
1239:
1186:
1123:
1078:
1013:
947:
875:
139:
131:
119:
108:
93:
74:
45:
670:On June 13, 2013, a panel discussion was held in
834:www.norserount.ca Nor Serount Canadian branch
370:Hovhannes D. Ghazarian - Յովհաննէս Տ. Ղազարեան
354:Armenag Hampartsoumian - Արմենակ Համբարձումեան
162:
853:
314:- Արամ Աչըգպաշեան - (Krikor Garabedian, from
8:
286:. Two other prominent Hunchakian activists,
1010:
860:
846:
838:
763:, H. Mateossian, Constantinople 1921. p.15
42:
335:Mourad Zakarian - Մուրատ Զաքարեան, (from
1496:People who died in the Armenian genocide
179:activists who were hanged in the Sultan
682:
391:
290:and Varaztahd, were condemned to death
175:") is the common name for the group of
357:Apraham Mouradian - Աբրահամ Մուրատեան
351:Roupen Garabedian - Ռուբէն Կարապետեան
342:Yervant Topouzian - Երուանդ Թօփուզեան
7:
382:Karekin Boghosian - Գարեգին Պօղոսեան
376:Yeremia Manoukian - Երեմիա Մանուկեան
1465:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
1247:May 1915 Triple Entente declaration
379:Tovmas Tovmasian - Թովմաս Թովմասեան
1270:National Armenian Relief Committee
373:Mgrdich Yeretsian - Մկրտիչ Երէցեան
203:The 7th General Convention of the
25:
1406:Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day
388:Boghos Boghosian - Պողոս Պողոսեան
385:Minas Keshishian - Մինաս Քէշիշեան
345:Hagop Basmajian - Յակոբ Պասմաճեան
1506:Social Democrat Hunchakian Party
631:
619:
607:
595:
583:
571:
559:
547:
535:
523:
511:
499:
487:
475:
463:
451:
437:
423:
411:
397:
205:Social Democrat Hunchakian Party
113:Social Democrat Hunchakian Party
59:
1194:Committee of Union and Progress
883:Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
759:Teotig (Teotoros Lapçinciyan):
700:"The Twenty Hunchakian Gallows"
348:Smpat Kelejian - Սմբատ Գըլըճեան
191:) on June 15, 1915, during the
898:Hamidian massacres (1894–1897)
761:Գողգոթա հայ հոգեւորականութեան
360:Hrand Yegavian - Հրանդ Եկաւեան
278:List of the hanged Hunchakians
85:, Ottoman Empire (present-day
65:In this picture, the gates of
1:
1305:Assassination of Talaat Pasha
934:Ottoman Empire in World War I
830:The Twenty Hunchakian Gallows
903:Young Turk Revolution (1908)
1475:Hitler's Armenian reference
1470:Assassination of Hrant Dink
1345:The Forty Days of Musa Dagh
163:
1527:
728:Princeton University Press
1374:Witnesses and testimonies
726:. Princeton, New Jersey:
328:), one of the editors of
158:
58:
50:
18:The 20 Hunchakian gallows
1096:Post-genocide population
324:- Գեղամ Վանիկեան, (from
69:can be seen to the left.
1261:Foreign aid and relief
1086:Pre-genocide population
924:1914 Greek deportations
814:Public Radio of Armenia
97:June 15, 1915
33:Infobox civilian attack
1448:Late Ottoman genocides
1240:International response
566:Hovhannes D. Ghazarian
554:Karnig Krikor Boyajian
518:Armenag Hampartsoumian
251:
237:
115:(Hunchakian) activists
38:considered for merging
1511:World War I massacres
970:20 Hunchakian gallows
919:1914 Armenian reforms
908:Adana massacre (1909)
249:
232:
151:20 Hunchakian gallows
46:20 Hunchakian gallows
1265:Near East Foundation
1231:Special Organization
989:Concentration camps
939:Battle of Sarikamish
1322:Cultural depictions
1173:Rescue of Armenians
1091:Genocide casualties
929:Congress at Erzerum
893:Turkish nationalism
667:genocide memorial.
288:Stepan Sapah-Gulian
67:Istanbul University
1312:Treaty of Lausanne
1178:Turkish opposition
778:www.hunchak.org.au
718:Ronald Grigor Suny
704:www.hunchak.org.au
252:
207:which was held in
143:Ottoman government
1501:Deaths by hanging
1483:
1482:
1411:100th anniversary
1300:Operation Nemesis
1074:
1073:
888:Armenian question
869:Armenian genocide
614:Karekin Boghosian
590:Yeremia Manoukian
578:Mgrdich Yeretsian
530:Apraham Mouradian
506:Roupen Garabedian
431:Aram Achekbashian
312:Aram Achekbashian
268:Armenian genocide
260:Aram Achekbashian
193:Armenian genocide
147:
146:
53:Armenian genocide
16:(Redirected from
1518:
1428:notable visitors
1401:Hidden Armenians
1330:Ravished Armenia
1252:Imperial Germany
1161:Shabin-Karahisar
1133:Armenian militia
1101:Hidden Armenians
1011:
862:
855:
848:
839:
818:
817:
806:
800:
799:
788:
782:
781:
770:
764:
757:
751:
748:
742:
741:
720:(Mar 22, 2015).
714:
708:
707:
696:
690:
687:
638:Boghos Boghosian
635:
626:Minas Keshishian
623:
611:
602:Tovmas Tovmasian
599:
587:
575:
563:
551:
539:
527:
515:
503:
491:
479:
470:Yervant Topuzian
467:
455:
441:
427:
415:
401:
166:
160:
104:
102:
63:
43:
21:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1436:
1423:Tsitsernakaberd
1362:
1316:
1276:
1235:
1224:Bahaeddin Şakir
1182:
1119:
1070:
1009:
943:
871:
866:
826:
821:
816:. 14 June 2013.
812:(in Armenian).
808:
807:
803:
798:. 15 June 2010.
794:(in Armenian).
790:
789:
785:
772:
771:
767:
758:
754:
749:
745:
738:
730:. p. 197.
716:
715:
711:
698:
697:
693:
688:
684:
680:
665:Tsitsernakaberd
646:
639:
636:
627:
624:
615:
612:
603:
600:
591:
588:
579:
576:
567:
564:
555:
552:
543:
540:
531:
528:
519:
516:
507:
504:
495:
492:
483:
482:Hagop Basmajian
480:
471:
468:
459:
458:Mourad Zakarian
456:
447:
445:Kegham Vanigian
442:
433:
428:
419:
416:
407:
402:
322:Kegham Vanigian
280:
217:Armenian people
201:
164:K'san kakhaghan
122:
100:
98:
70:
41:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1524:
1522:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1453:Greek genocide
1450:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1326:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1297:
1292:
1290:Courts-martial
1286:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1259:
1257:Press coverage
1254:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1135:
1129:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1008:
1007:
1002:
1001:
1000:
995:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
951:
949:
945:
944:
942:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
879:
877:
873:
872:
867:
865:
864:
857:
850:
842:
836:
835:
832:
825:
824:External links
822:
820:
819:
801:
783:
765:
752:
743:
736:
709:
691:
681:
679:
676:
645:
642:
641:
640:
637:
630:
628:
625:
618:
616:
613:
606:
604:
601:
594:
592:
589:
582:
580:
577:
570:
568:
565:
558:
556:
553:
546:
544:
542:Hrand Yegavian
541:
534:
532:
529:
522:
520:
517:
510:
508:
505:
498:
496:
494:Smpat Kelejian
493:
486:
484:
481:
474:
472:
469:
462:
460:
457:
450:
448:
443:
436:
434:
429:
422:
420:
417:
410:
408:
403:
396:
394:
390:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:Şebinkarahisar
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
333:
319:
309:
302:
279:
276:
272:Constantinople
250:The 20 Gallows
225:Ottoman Empire
200:
197:
185:Constantinople
181:Beyazıt Square
169:The 20 Martyrs
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
123:
120:
117:
116:
110:
106:
105:
95:
91:
90:
83:Constantinople
79:Beyazıt Square
76:
72:
71:
64:
56:
55:
48:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1523:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1384:United States
1382:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1003:
999:
996:
994:
991:
990:
988:
986:
983:
981:
980:Forced labour
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
952:
950:
946:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
878:
874:
870:
863:
858:
856:
851:
849:
844:
843:
840:
833:
831:
828:
827:
823:
815:
811:
805:
802:
797:
793:
787:
784:
779:
775:
769:
766:
762:
756:
753:
747:
744:
739:
737:9780691147307
733:
729:
725:
724:
719:
713:
710:
705:
701:
695:
692:
686:
683:
677:
675:
673:
668:
666:
661:
659:
655:
650:
644:Commemoration
643:
634:
629:
622:
617:
610:
605:
598:
593:
586:
581:
574:
569:
562:
557:
550:
545:
538:
533:
526:
521:
514:
509:
502:
497:
490:
485:
478:
473:
466:
461:
454:
449:
446:
440:
435:
432:
426:
421:
414:
409:
406:
400:
395:
392:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
334:
332:youth journal
331:
327:
323:
320:
317:
313:
310:
307:
303:
300:
297:
296:
295:
293:
289:
285:
277:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:, Dr. Benne,
257:
248:
244:
242:
236:
231:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
198:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
165:
156:
152:
142:
138:
134:
130:
127:
124:
118:
114:
111:
107:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
73:
68:
62:
57:
54:
49:
44:
39:
35:
34:
30:
19:
1350:
1343:
1329:
1295:Malta exiles
1187:Perpetrators
1137:By location
1112:
998:Ra's al-'Ayn
975:Confiscation
969:
804:
786:
777:
768:
760:
755:
746:
721:
712:
703:
694:
685:
669:
662:
651:
647:
329:
291:
281:
253:
241:Artur Esayan
238:
233:
229:
202:
172:
168:
159:Քսան կախաղան
150:
148:
140:Perpetrators
51:Part of the
31:
1391:Reparations
1379:Recognition
1352:The Promise
1282:Prosecution
1005:Terminology
993:Deir ez-Zor
915:(1912–1913)
913:Balkan Wars
292:in absentia
121:Attack type
27:‹ The
1490:Categories
1125:Resistance
1114:Vorpahavak
1079:Demography
1036:Diyarbekir
965:Tehcir Law
876:Background
796:Armenpress
678:References
177:Hunchakian
101:1915-06-15
1418:Memorials
1367:Aftermath
1151:Musa Dagh
1108:Survivors
1061:Trebizond
1014:By region
985:Mass rape
301:- Փարամազ
209:Constanţa
89:, Turkey)
36:is being
948:Genocide
672:Istanbul
418:Dr Benne
306:Kharpert
189:Istanbul
167:, also "
155:Armenian
87:Istanbul
75:Location
40:. ›
29:template
1441:Related
1214:Djevdet
1041:Erzurum
658:Armenia
405:Paramaz
393:Gallery
316:Arabkir
299:Paramaz
256:Paramaz
221:Ittihad
213:Romania
199:History
173:The 20s
171:" and "
132:Victims
126:Hanging
99: (
1396:Denial
1358:others
1219:Reshid
1209:Djemal
1199:Talaat
1141:Zeitun
1046:Harput
1031:Bitlis
1026:Aleppo
955:Causes
734:
654:Meghri
284:Teotig
109:Target
1458:Sayfo
1204:Enver
1166:Azakh
1056:Sivas
1021:Adana
330:Gaidz
264:Vanig
187:(now
1338:film
1334:book
1156:Urfa
732:ISBN
337:Mush
149:The
94:Date
1146:Van
1066:Van
1051:Muş
326:Van
183:of
1492::
1336:,
776:.
702:.
660:.
656:,
294:.
262:,
227:.
211:,
195:.
161:,
157::
135:20
81:,
1340:)
1332:(
861:e
854:t
847:v
780:.
740:.
706:.
367:)
339:)
318:)
308:)
153:(
103:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
