60:
583:
305:
Publishing houses were checked and journalists, academics and other known writers were questioned to determine the book's origin. However, the book was already out and being photocopied and spread. One estimate put the total number of photocopies secretly made by individuals at 50,000. An owner of a photocopying shop in
Khartoum was quoted as saying, "I made no less that [
738:"the obituary of the Islamic revolution". However, by the time of its publication, the cell members had already decided that internal reform was impossible and that armed resistance was the only course of action. In 2001, they sent twenty of their leaders to begin openly organizing and, in August 2001, Khalil Ibrahim announced the existence of the
730:, and third in Khartoum in 1997. Most of the Khartoum cell were university graduates and most were Islamists. The year that the Khartoum cell was formed, the dissidents decided that their first step should be to inform the populace of the structural problems; a 25-man committee was set up to gather information and begin writing. Julie Flint and
254:
Part II was originally supposed to concentrate on policy recommendations stemming from the analysis in Part I. However, the
Sudanese government so strongly attacked the findings of the first part that the writers instead took the opportunity to back up the original publication. Part II thus consists
296:
The fact that the writers identified themselves only as "The
Seekers of Truth and Justice", without a place of publication or copyright notice, only added to the mystery. Over three days, 1600 copies were handed out—800 in Khartoum, 500 in other parts of Sudan (except the South) and 300 abroad.
204:
The first of the many charts details the populations of the various regions and number of
Federal/National-level representatives, as a percentage of the total, since independence. It pointed out that every single president had come from the North. The book goes on to break down these numbers of
304:
Government newspapers launched attacks on the publication in front page articles, denouncing the authors as "tribalists". Security forces attempted to discover the authors, while it was rumored that several junior government staffers had been fired after copies were found on ministers' desks.
222:
states that the equipment that was to be used for the
Western Highway Project was diverted to the Northern Highway Project, which is both widely rumored and believed, but no evidence is provided to back it up. El-Tom further makes the following observations: it has an implicit view of Sudan as
189:, Part I, states its thesis: "This publication unveils the level of injustice practised by successive governments, secular and theocratic, democratic or autocratic, since the independence of the country in 1956 to this date." The main argument of the book, which is demonstrated using simple a
291:
it said nothing to the average
Northern Sudanese that they did not know already. What created a shock were not the contents of the book but simply the fact that an unspoken taboo had been broken and that somebody had dared to put into print what everybody knew but did not want to talk about.
706:
The book's critics, mainly government officials connected to al-Bashir, have consistently claimed that it was made at the direction of al-Turabi. Al-Turabi has denied any connection with either the book or with the JEM. In interviews, writers have stated that they, al-Turabi and the ruling
687:, people could solve the political and social problems afflicting the country. Many Muslims from the disadvantaged regions of West, East and Central Sudan flocked to al-Turabi and his message. However, by the mid-1990s, the Islamist project was collapsing due to entrenched
217:
Academic
Abdullahi El-Tom, in his critique of the book, states that the latter half is not nearly as well-argued as the heavily statistical beginning, making points that are then not substantiated and sometimes falling into polemical statements. For example, the
319:
by word of mouth. The document, as controversial as it was, quickly became central to
Sudanese political discourse. Political factions campaigning for support in the West found that political discussion revolved around the western highway project, salaries for
205:
representation by regime since independence, constitutionally mandated posts, and state governorships, all illustrated through charts. After dealing with the central point about inequality in positions of high office, the
563:
There can be no doubt that the current dictatorship has been pernicious for the human development of the regions outside of the North and
Khartoum. There can be no question that the data support the claims made in the
209:
goes on to detail similarly disproportionate results in the number of
Attorneys General, executive staff in the Ministry of Finance and the National Council for Distribution of Resources, which allocates
43:
of the rest of the country. It was published in two parts, the first in May 2000 and the second on August 2002. While published anonymously, it was later revealed that the writers had strong ties to the
750:
was put up on the JEM website. Almost all of the authors joined the JEM or secular resistance movements. As of October 2006, the JEM continued its armed rebellion in Darfur in a conflict that had
559:
did a parallel study in 2005, including an analysis of income generation and expenditure by region to determine if there was a pattern of subsidies between regions. He concluded,
214:
wealth, as well to note the cultural domination of the national media by northerners. Practically every major sector of society is analyzed to show a pattern of northern control.
703:, al-Turabi's former follower, defected to the side of al-Bashir and, in December 1999, al-Bashir declared a state of emergency, stripping al-Turabi of his position and power.
651:
623:
630:
637:
600:
619:
311:] 100 copies for our customers. We sometimes charged them more due to the risk involved in duplicating illegal documents." Given the high levels of
593:
792:
275:
after Friday evening prayers were greeted by polite young men passing out thick photocopied stapled versions on A4 paper. Such an activity in
1000:
644:
36:
857:
833:
279:
Sudan was unusual; the fact that the document being passed out was an indictment of the national power structure has been termed "
1005:
975:
608:
947:
939:
739:
235:) over the other marginalized regions; and it has an unforgiving stance towards all the north, rather than just the three
45:
255:
of the listing of every single government official counted in the first part, with their regional and clan affiliation.
990:
743:
696:
692:
985:
683:. Al-Turabi appeared to promise political Islam as a solution; that with hard work and honesty as part of the
995:
943:
568:
that the Sudan has been governed to benefit those regions disproportionately at the expense of all others.
980:
726:
to discuss the possibility of reforming the NIF from within. A second clandestine cell formed in 1994 in
708:
700:
59:
35:), is a manuscript detailing a pattern of disproportionate political control by the people of northern
900:
695:
with the south. In 1998, al-Turabi managed to position himself as Speaker of the House under the new
688:
556:
555:
In an attempt to double-check the book's central conclusion of national inequity, Alex Cobham of the
953:
875:
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746:(SLM) already active in Darfur. Exactly a year after the announcement, Part II of the
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have a disproportionate amount of political power compared to other ethnic groups.
582:
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The writers trace their roots to 1993, when a cell of NIF members, including
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and other senior government officials while they were out for prayers.
248:
722:, the former Darfur Minister of Education, began meeting in secret in
268:
228:
53:
742:, a group that would form a minority partner with the secular rebel
684:
224:
58:
793:"The Black Book of Sudan: Imbalance of Power and Wealth in Sudan"
680:
236:
711:, but that al-Turabi had nothing to do with the writing of the
679:
had returned from exile, and in 1989 took power in a military
576:
307:
211:
620:"The Black Book: Imbalance of Power and Wealth in the Sudan"
18:
The Black Book: Imbalance of Power and Wealth in the Sudan
193:
analysis of Sudan's population by ethnicity, is that the
604:
297:
Copies were reportedly left on the desks on President
227:; it emphasizes the grievances of Western Sudan (i.e.
897:"Causes of conflict in Sudan: Testing the Black Book"
871:"The Black Book history or Darfur's darkest chapter"
239:identified as controlling the government (i.e. the
899:. Queen Elizabeth House Working Paper Number 121.
691:and widespread anger at the waste of lives in the
8:
609:introducing citations to additional sources
267:had a dramatic introduction. People leaving
707:government were all connected through the
338:1996–2000 averages (% of value for North)
816:
814:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
599:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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71:
946:of the Black Book in English, from the
763:
913:
954:Was the Black Book Correct? – Opinion
826:Darfur: A Short History of a Long War
7:
797:Journal of African National Affairs
315:in Sudan, most people heard of the
852:, Cornell University Press, 2005,
14:
336:Regional revenue and expenditure,
828:, Zed Books, London March 2006,
592:relies largely or entirely on a
581:
850:Darfur: The Ambiguous Genocide
1:
948:Justice and Equality Movement
895:Cobham, Alex (January 2005).
740:Justice and Equality Movement
46:Justice and Equality Movement
1001:Anti-black racism in Africa
1022:
803:(2): 25–35. Archived from
48:, a rebel group active in
791:Abdullahi El-Tom (2003).
744:Sudan Liberation Movement
693:Second Sudanese Civil War
259:Distribution and reaction
925:Flint and de Waal, p. 18
73:Population (1986 census)
21:, known commonly as the
1006:Discrimination in Sudan
754:hundreds of thousands.
976:2000 non-fiction books
709:National Islamic Front
701:Ali Osman Mohamed Taha
573:Authorship and context
570:
294:
64:
52:that later erupted in
561:
289:
62:
901:University of Oxford
758:Notes and references
605:improve this article
557:University of Oxford
63:Map of Sudan in 2000
876:The Financial Times
672:In the early 1980s
339:
76:
75:and representation
962:, October 16, 2006
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185:The first page of
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991:Politics of Sudan
885:), 20 August 2004
820:Flint, Julie and
697:National Congress
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33:al-kitab al-aswad
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869:William Wallis,
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677:Hassan al-Turabi
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31:: الكتاب الأسود
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986:Political books
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41:marginalization
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933:External links
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846:Gérard Prunier
838:
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807:on 2008-05-16.
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720:Khalil Ibrahim
668:
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603:. Please help
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322:civil servants
299:Omar al-Bashir
285:Gérard Prunier
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195:riverine Arabs
187:the Black Book
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622: –
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616:Find sources:
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596:
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594:single source
590:This section
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959:Sudan Mirror
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822:Alex de Waal
805:the original
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732:Alex de Waal
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699:. However,
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50:the conflict
32:
23:
22:
17:
16:
15:
950:'s website.
914:Cobham 2005
438:Central ex.
371:per capita
369:expenditure
367:Development
364:per capita
357:per capita
350:per capita
348:expenditure
287:notes that
191:statistical
83:Population
970:Categories
771:Black Book
748:Black Book
736:Black Book
734:call the
713:Black Book
689:corruption
631:newspapers
566:Black Book
330:Black Book
328:, and the
317:Black Book
313:illiteracy
265:Black Book
220:Black Book
207:Black Book
170:6,072,872
153:4,407,450
136:4,908,038
119:2,222,779
102:1,026,406
91:sentation
24:Black Book
752:displaced
724:al-Fashir
661:July 2013
601:talk page
360:Effective
245:Jaaliyeen
150:Southern
99:Northern
728:Kurdufan
674:Islamist
528:Kordofan
440:Khartoum
411:Khartoum
393:Central
326:teachers
277:censored
273:Khartoum
247:and the
241:Shaigiya
233:Kordofan
199:Khartoum
167:Western
133:Central
116:Eastern
68:Contents
860:, p. 73
836:, p. 17
645:scholar
362:subsidy
355:revenue
343:Region
269:mosques
249:Danagla
225:Islamic
80:Region
938:Parts
856:
832:
647:
640:
633:
626:
618:
501:Darfur
405:245.5
399:134.1
396:104.0
388:100.0
385:100.0
382:100.0
379:100.0
376:North
243:, the
229:Darfur
89:Repre-
54:Darfur
29:Arabic
685:Ummah
652:JSTOR
638:books
495:17.0
492:43.3
489:43.9
486:44.1
483:West
478:79.5
472:98.4
469:73.7
466:East
431:532.9
421:213.7
416:161.5
402:16.8
353:Total
346:Total
237:clans
197:near
173:32.6
162:16.4
156:23.7
139:26.5
122:11.8
111:79.5
37:Sudan
942:and
854:ISBN
830:ISBN
681:coup
624:news
548:15.5
543:57.5
538:47.6
533:49.9
521:17.2
516:35.1
511:41.5
506:40.6
475:1.6
460:35.5
455:23.8
450:70.9
445:60.6
426:13.3
263:The
231:and
145:2.8
128:1.4
105:5.4
39:and
607:by
308:sic
271:in
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159:12
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