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59:, organized the expedition. In 1579, Rodríguez became interested when an Indian told him of settlements to the north in which the Indians grew cotton and wove cloth. To the Spanish this meant that the Indians were civilized beings who might be made Christian. Rodríguez got permission from Spanish authorities "for the purpose of preaching the Holy Gospel." Rodríguez apparently had little familiarity with Coronado's expedition but had read the account of
83:. Along more than one hundred miles of the Conchos River lived the Concho and Raya Indians who spoke the same language and were "naked and lived on roots and other things." Downriver, occupying 40 miles of the river banks were the Cabris or Pasaguantes, also "naked" but speaking a different language and cultivating squash and beans in addition to gathering wild plants. They were described as "very handsome."
144:. It had 400 to 500 houses and rose to four or five stories—indicating a population of perhaps 3,000. The Spaniards described the Pueblo Indians as "handsome and fair-skinned and some of the women had "light hair". Coronado's army may have left its seed behind. They grew corn, beans, and squash and kept turkeys and, all in all, the Spanish were impressed with them and their manner of living.
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The expedition left Santa
Barbara on June 5, 1581. The appointed leader was Captain Francisco "El Chamuscado" Sánchez. Chamuscado was Spanish for "scorched" so-called because of Sánchez's flaming red beard. The expedition included nine Spanish soldiers, three Catholic clerics, including Rodriguez,
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The chroniclers of the expedition did not note any influence of the
Coronado expedition on the Pueblos who apparently had not adopted any Spanish customs nor had they preserved any of the horses or other livestock left behind by Coronado. They had, moreover, apparently recovered in numbers from the
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Indians. Four hundred men armed with bows and arrows came out to meet them, but Rodríguez calmed them. The
Spanish described them as "naked"—uncivilized—people who hunted the buffalo. A short distance further east they found the buffalo in many herds of 200 to 300 and killed about 40 of them and
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The two friars and their Indian servants left behind were also soon stabbed by the
Indians although two Indians escaped and returned to Mexico to tell the story. The Chamuscado and Rodríguez expedition was a modest affair, but revived Spanish interest in New Mexico leading to the establishment of
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The
Spanish learned that Fray Juan had been killed by Indians only two or three days after leaving the expedition. Despite the killing of Juan, the two remaining friars were determined to stay in New Mexico. The soldiers left them, most of their supplies, and several Indian servants behind in the
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to hunt buffalo and ate fish caught in the river. The explorers estimated that the
Indians between La Junta and El Paso numbered about 10,000. The Indians directed the Spanish to follow the Rio Grande upstream to where they would find "houses two stories high and of good appearance, built of mud
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Chamuscado and Rodríguez visited 61 Pueblo towns along the Rio Grande and its tributaries and counted a total of 7,003 houses of one or more stories in the pueblos. If all houses were occupied and if a later estimate of eight persons per house is accurate, the population of the towns visited may
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Near La Junta, the junction of the
Conchos River and the Rio Grande, Chamuscado and Rodríguez found several groups of Indians. At the junction and south were the Abraidres; northward were the Patarabueyes and Otomoacos or Amotomancos. They were friendly, the men described as "handsome" and the
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and 19 Indian servants, including two women. The soldiers were well armed and mounted; the expedition took along ninety horses and 600 sheep, goats, cattle and pigs. The expedition was also authorized to explore the country for valuable minerals.
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disastrous levies on their resources that
Coronado had imposed., Chamuscado and Rodríguez with their slight numbers made fewer demands on the Pueblos, although they had one altercation after Indians killed three Spanish horses.
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town of Puaray and departed to return to Santa
Barbara on January 31, 1582. During their return journey, Chamuscado, almost 70 years of age, died at El Xacal, near
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in 1581–1582. The expedition was led by
Francisco Sánchez, called "El Chamuscado," and Fray Agustín Rodríguez, the first Spaniards known to have visited the
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women "beautiful". They lived in wattled houses and grew squash and beans, but the Spanish considered them "naked and barbarous people." (See
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have been 56,000 people. In addition, they heard of other pueblos, including the Hopi which they were unable to visit.
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After many days of following the Rio Grande through unoccupied territory, the expedition reached the first village of
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lived the Caguates. They lived in mud brick houses and, while growing corn and beans, they also journeyed to the
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Taos Pueblo today is probably similar to the many Pueblo towns the expedition encountered near the Rio Grande.
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Los Julimes, su tiempo en la conquista del Conchos (2014) Eduardo Muneton Soto, PACMyc, Chihuahua
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Flint, Richard and Flint, Shirley Cushing, "Francisco Sánchez Chamuscado and Agustin Rodriguez",
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pueblos. Then, they ventured east again to visit several pueblos in the salinas east of the
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The soldiers ventured eastward onto the Great Plains in search of buffalo. On the
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but were stopped by winter snows from continuing on to the
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http://www.newmexicohistory.org/filedetails.php?fileID=468
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Returning to the Rio Grande Valley they journeyed west to
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Fray Agustín Rodríguez, stationed near the mining town of
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walls and white inside, the people being dressed in
290:Albuquerque: U of NM Press, 1966, 70; Bolton, 145
147:On September 10, 1581, one of the three Catholic
326:Hammond and Rey, 84–85; Riley, 231; Bolton, 146
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