130:). Her mother, who is estranged from Aileen's father, has moved back to the large family properties in tropical Columbia, staffed by local servants. She invites Aileen to visit during the summer school break. The mother's companion, Prue, lives on the estate, and though never made explicit to Aileen, they are lesbian lovers. Prue, an artisan, works in her studio. The mother is preoccupied with an architectural home improvement, a cantilevered wing that overhangs precariously over a deep gorge adjacent to the house. The two women are self-absorbed in their comfortable lifestyles and relationship. In the invitation note, Aileen's mother engages in mild recriminations, disparaging her for earlier descriptions of Prue as "peculiar" and for "not liking her much." The note is a cheerful and chatty inventory of the operations on the estate, with fulsome praise for Prue. The missive lacks any expression of intimacy towards her daughter.
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confrontation between Aileen and Prue the following day. As the girl prepares to leave, the older woman begins to harass her verbally. In a last parting shot, she flicks water in Aileen's face: "the reaction was instantaneous." Aileen, furious and humiliated, begins to pummel Prue with her fists, then kicks her as she falls to the floor, uttering "the greatest scream of her life." Aileen departs on her journey towards
Barranquilla, affecting her liberation from her mother and Prue.
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Several encounters between Prue and Aileen reveal that Prue resents the girl's visit. Supercilious and hostile toward the younger woman, her bullying is met with passive incredulity by Aileen. The mother interviews Aileen, expressing hurt and dismay that she is "not getting on very well with Prue."
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Aileen, enthralled by the beauty of the tropical landscape, takes an early morning walk across the nearby river and wanders into a poor, rural hamlet. She is approached by a young man who beckons to her. Leaning forward, he spits a mouthful of water in her face. Aileen, outraged, flings a stone at
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The final "spitting" incident occurs when Prue, cornering Aileen, attempts to forcibly extract a farewell. When the young woman turns pale, Prue taunts her—"Feel faint?"—and dipping her fingertips into a glass of water, flicks the droplets into Aileen's face. The action unleashes Aileen's pent up
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directly over the ravine. Critic
Hibbard observes: "The very construction of the house, its precarious perch above the abyss, becomes a symbol for the human condition as it evolves in the story…the gorge is a lurking force that outside which threatens all our ideas of order and stability." While
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The tension as usual is terrific. It seems like an innocent enough little story when it begins and the way in which you had shaded it becomes steadily more somber, almost as imperceptibly to the reader as to the girl herself, is, I should say, masterful. I read it twice because I could not quite
154:
Literary critic Allen
Hibbard praises "The Echo" for its "masterful regulation of the dramatic pace" and observes, "Bowles never tells how to feel about a story. Moral ambiguities are displayed without authorial intervention. It is up to us to think through a story's implications and meaning."
180:"The Echo" and "Pages From Cold Point" deserve special mention. In both stories homosexuality, the problematic nature of family ties, and expatriation are intimately intertwined… Aileen's arrival forces a confrontation with her mother's sexual orientation and the form it has taken in her life.
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When she returns to the house, Prue informs her that her mother, not finding her in bed, has "had a fit" and savagely berates her for causing the couple anxiety. The mother determines that Aileen has upset the harmony of the household and is told she must depart. The climax occurs in a final
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Hibbard, 1993 p. 239: Carol Joyce Oates: "...the
American girl Aileen… succumbs to an irrational violence, more alarming than any she has witnessed, and, while attacking her mother's lover, 'uttered the greatest scream of her life', pure sound, bestial and
133:
Aileen lands at the
Barranquilla airport, expecting the two women to meet her. She finally finds them at a local cantina. When Aileen sprains her ankle entering the establishment, she is taken to the estate and convalesces for the next few days.
309:
Hibbard, 1993 p. 30-31: "Bowles deftly uses the architectural structure to underscore emotional state." And: "It seems as though her mother's lesbianism, like the gorge, had until the time of the story been only a vague presence tangible
201:, her daughter avoids this portion of the house and stays in the old wing, which rests on solid ground. The purported stability of the engineering feat and the pseudo-equilibrium briefly sustained by the three women threatens to collapse.
219:
Three references or incidents that involve or resemble spitting appear in "The Echo". These reflect Aileen's struggle, and failure, to become more than a 'guest" and to "claim her rights as a full-fledged member of the family."
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Hibbard, 1993 p. 34: 'The irony…is that the attempt to isolate themselves" from the outside world "ultimately backfires; it brings them in closer, undeniable proximity with the most haunting, disruptive portions of their
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Hibbard, 1993 p. 31: "Within the characters we feel the struggle to maintain emotional equilibrium." And: "Aileen's arrival forces a confrontation with her mother's sexual orientation and the form it has taken in her
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The next incident occurs when a local man approaches Aileen in a shanty town and spits a mouthful of water in her face. The unprovoked assault angers the girl, and she hurls a stone at him in retaliation.
176:"The Echo", much like Bowles's "Pages From Cold Point", involves a well-to-do, yet wholly dysfunctional family, whose members clash in post-colonial tropics. Literary critic Allen Hibbard writes:
231:. The caption reads: "Did you ever want to spit a mile, Bill? Now's your chance." The mother's citing of this joke parallels her erroneous complacency regarding her relationship with Aileen.
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The denouement of "The Echo" depicts Aileen departing the estate on horseback, "cantilevered over the gorge", on the road towards
Barranquilla and back to the United States.
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When the mother terms her daughter as merely a "guest", Aileen responds that Prue "is a maniac." The contretemps deepens the estrangement between mother and daughter.
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The key symbolic elements in the story are the gorge, a deep ravine with "vertical walls" coursing with water, and the new wing of the house which is
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Hibbard, 1993 p. 31: Prue "flaunts her sense of victory over Aileen's imminent departure…" And: Water flicking in Aileen's face described.
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Hibbard, 1993 p. 32: At the end of the story Aileen is figuratively "cantilevered over the gorge" in her departure from mother and Prue.
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The attempt to find refuge as expatriates only brings Aileen, her mother and Prue into a proximity that has explosive results.
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The final confrontation between Prue and Aileen exposes the submerged resentments. According to literary critic
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Aileen's mother is enthralled by the architectural innovation and jocularly compares it to a view over the
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409:. 1979. Introduction to Paul Bowles; Collected Stories, 1939-1976. Black Sparrow Press. Santa Rosa. 2001.
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fury that she feels towards her mother and Prue and leads to the dramatic violence at the story's finale.
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Hibbard, 1993 p. 29: "The Echo…written in New York in 1946…" And: p. 256: publishing by Random House.
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Hibbard, 1993 p. 32: Bowles's regulation of the dramatic pace in this story is masterful."
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Omniscient, where the focal character is Aileen. The setting is in a village near
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magazine. It was later published in a collection of his short fiction,
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written in 1946 and first published in the
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the perpetrator as he retreats into his hut; a scream is heard.
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remarked on "The Echo' in a letter to her spouse Bowles:
395:. 2002. The Coldest Eye: acting badly among the Arabs.
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https://harpers.org/archive/2002/03/the-coldest-eye/
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665:You Have Left Your Lotus Pods on the Bus
281:Hibbard, 1993 p. 29-31: Composite quote.
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691:Black Star at the Point of Darkness
509:The Delicate Prey and Other Stories
99:The Delicate Prey and Other Stories
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533:Things Gone and Things Still Here
517:A Hundred Camels in the Courtyard
18:Short story by Paul Bowles
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403:Retrieved July 10, 2022.
215:The "spitting" incidents
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86:" is a short story by
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482:The Spider's House
466:The Sheltering Sky
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30:Short story
743:Categories
651:The Garden
225:New Yorker
24:"The Echo"
644:The Hyena
243:Footnotes
106:in 1950.
667:" (1977)
660:" (1977)
653:" (1964)
646:" (1962)
639:" (1958)
632:" (1957)
625:" (1956)
618:" (1951)
611:" (1950)
604:" (1950)
597:" (1949)
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576:" (1948)
569:" (1947)
562:" (1946)
560:The Echo
84:The Echo
48:Language
637:Tapiama
364:Sources
291:lives.'
158:Author
51:English
40:Country
729:(2016)
721:(1990)
713:(1981)
694:(1991)
686:(1946)
544:(1981)
536:(1977)
528:(1967)
520:(1962)
512:(1950)
493:(1966)
485:(1955)
477:(1952)
469:(1949)
458:Novels
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310:form."
726:Kitty
675:Music
658:Allal
320:life.
411:ISBN
384:ISBN
374:ISBN
110:Plot
32:by
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