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throughout the rural districts, and the humbler quarters of
England's great towns. Many of these are only orally preserved, but with a little trouble a large number might be recovered. We have before us at this time a collection of carols printed in the cheapest form, at Birmingham, uniting for the most part extreme simplicity, with distinct doctrinal teaching, a combination which constitutes the excellence of a popular religious literature. From this little volume we will extract one which might well take the place of the passage from Milton for Christmas Day. It is called the "Holly and the Ivy."
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Ancient
Mysteries Described Especially the English Miracle Plays, Founded on Apocryphal New Testament Story, Extant Among the Unpublished Manuscripts in the British Museum, Including Notices of Ecclesiastical Shows, the Festivals of Fools and Asses, the English Boy-bishop, the Descent Into Hell, the
299:
Instead of passages from
Bernard Barton, however, and Mary Howitt, we think we could have gathered more from the seventeenth century poets; and especially might larger use have been made of that touchingly simple class of religious ballads, which under the name of carols, &c., is so rife
294:
The complete words of the carol are found in a book review dating from 1849, in which the reviewer suggested using the text of "The Holly and the Ivy" in place of one of the readings found in the book under discussion. The anonymous reviewer introduced the lyrics of carol thus:
316:
This carol appears to have nearly escaped the notice of collectors, as it has been reprinted by one alone, who states his copy to have been taken from "an old broadside, printed a century and a half since," i.e. about 1710. It is still retained on the broadsides printed at
680:
The words have traditionally been sung to countless folk melodies, including three further tunes having been collected in
Gloucestershire alone. Some traditional recordings have been made which demonstrate this melodic variety; these include one sung by Peter Jones of
78:
787:
As such, holly and ivy have been a mainstay of
British Advent and Christmas decorations for Church use since at least the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, when they were mentioned regularly in churchwardens’ accounts (Roud 2004).
1388:) has tremendous religious significance at Christmas. Its prickly leave are evocative of the crown of thorns that was placed on Jesus Christ's head at His crucifixion, and its scarlet berries are synonymous with drops of His blood.
79:
115:
times. The lyrics and melody varied significantly in traditional communities, but the song has since become standardised. The version which is now popular was collected in 1909 by the
English folk song collector
1061:
Ancient mysteries described: especially the
English miracle plays, founded on apocryphal New testament story, extant among the unpublished manuscripts in the British museum: including notices of ecclesiastical
336:
There have been many variants collected from traditional singers and early printed versions which differ significantly from the now popular version. The most popular traditional variant seems to have been
868:"The Holly and the Ivy" is also related to an older carol described by Sharp as: "The Contest of the Ivy and the Holly", a contest between the traditional emblems of woman and man respectively.
779:; and the shape of the leaves, which resemble flames, can serve to reveal God's burning love for His people. Combined with the fact that holly maintains its bright colors during the
291:, which includes "The holly and the ivy, now are both well grown" among an alphabetical list of "Christmas Carols, now annually printed" that were in the author's possession.
1955:
1139:
712:
The early nineteenth-century sources do not provide music for the carol. Several late nineteenth-century collections set the words to "old French carol" in D minor.
637:
1324:
In
Germany and Scandinavia the holly, or holy tree, is called "Christ's thorn," from its use in church decorations, and because it bears berries at Christmas-tide.
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830:
The same volume contains a song on the Holly and the Ivy which I mention because there is an old Carol on the same subject still printed. The MS begins with
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574:. Sharp's manuscript transcription of Clayton's singing of the third verse, dated "Jan 13th 1909", is archived in the Cecil Sharp Manuscript Collection at
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First verse from an anonymous broadside published by H. Wadsworth, Birmingham, 1814–1818. Note the repetition of "the sun".
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103:. The song can be traced only as far as the early nineteenth century, but the lyrics reflect an association between
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1164:"The Holly & the Ivy. Xmas Carol. Mrs. M. A. Clayton at Chipping Campden. Jan 13th 1909" (manuscript facsimile)
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Christians have identified a wealth of symbolism in its form. The sharpness of the leaves help to recall the
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where it is claimed to originate from "an old broadside, printed a century and a half since" : Husk's 1864
2015:
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341:", whilst the more familiar "The Holly and the Ivy" variant was sung with a variety of tunes and lyrics.
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828:, which lists the carol's title as mentioned above, also describes (p 94) a British Museum manuscript:
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751:, as expressed in this popular Christmas carol "The Holly and the Ivy", in which the holly represents
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Lord Mayor's Show, the
Guildhall Giants, Christmas Carols, Etc By William Hone, George Cruikshank
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The holidays: Christmas, Easter, and
Whitsuntide: their social festivities, customs, and carols
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which alludes to holly and ivy resisting winter blasts and not changing their green hue
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The popular melody for the carol was first published in Cecil Sharp's 1911 collection
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763:. Angie Mostellar discusses the Christian use of holly at Christmas, stating that:
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and viewable online. The melody is notable in being confined to the notes of a
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wrote a popular choral arrangement that is often performed at the Festival of
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144:(1911), the publication that first established the current words and melody:
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709:", considered a variant of the song, is associated with a different tune.
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Holly is still a popular Christmas decoration among Christian cultures.
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by Chambers and Sidgwick, published in 1907, repeats Husk's statement.
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566:. Sharp states that he heard the tune sung by "Mrs. Mary Clayton, at
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Textual variants differing from Sharp (1911) (first verse and chorus)
739:, especially the variety found in Europe, is commonly referenced at
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The words of the carol were included in Sylvester's 1861 collection
1406:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. p.
771:
worn by Jesus; the red berries serve as a reminder of the drops of
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Early English lyrics : amorous, divine, moral & trivial
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Brendan Lehane and the Editors of Time-Life Books (1986).
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Non-wood Forest Products from Temperate Broad-leaved Trees
1300:
Old English Carols set to music: traditional and original
594:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
895:
Ivy hath chapped fingers, she caught them from the cold,
1566:
1270:. Cambridge, MA: Hurd and Houghton. pp. 182–183.
1215:"The Holly and the Ivy (Roud Folksong Index S380642)"
1190:"The Holly and the Ivy (Roud Folksong Index S178225)"
874:
Ivy stands without the door, she is full sore a cold.
1451:
A Pocket Guide to Superstitions of the British Isles
1176:"From the Gloucestershire Traditions online library"
83:"The Holly and the Ivy" with piano accompaniment by
1948:
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The nightingale, the popinjay, the gentle laverock.
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Holy and hys mery men, they dawnseyn and they syng,
65:
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30:
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1240:"Holly and the Ivy, The (VWML Song Index SN16706)"
907:The forester, the hunter, keep them from the does.
885:Holly and his merry men, they dance and they sing,
854:Ivy stond without the dore, she ys ful sore acold,
1537:free recording for download suitable for services
1281:Bramley, Henry Ramsden; Stainer, John (c. 1871).
1104:A Garland of Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern
1546:"Notes on 'The Contest of the Holy and the Ivy'"
1338:
1336:
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1303:. London: Alexander Shapcott. c. 1875. pp.
897:So might they all have, aye, that with ivy hold.
283:An early mention of the carol's title occurs in
1956:A la Verge SantĂssima: Dues Lletretes a Una Veu
1006:http://www.mustrad.org.uk/articles/birming4.htm
861:Ivy and hur maydyns, they wepen and they wryng.
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747:. Since medieval times the plant has carried a
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887:Ivy and her maidens, they weep and they wring.
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881:Let holly have the mastery, as the manner is.
689:, and another performed by Bessie Wallace of
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819:So I am and ever hath been Unto my lady true
1472:The Book of Christmas (The Enchanted World)
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1088:vol. vii, January to June 1849, pp. 198–200
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849:Let holy hafe the maystry, as the maner ys:
791:Holly and ivy figure in the lyrics of the "
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1107:. London: John Camden Hotten. p. 148.
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1127:. London: John Camden Hotten. p. 85.
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917:There come the owl and eat him as she go.
872:Holly stands in the hall, fair to behold:
1783:Maria, dich lieben ist allzeit mein Sinn
1322:. School Education Company. p. 24.
1138:Chambers, E.K.; Sidgwick, Frank (1907).
852:Holy stond in the hall, faire to behold,
16:Traditional British folk Christmas carol
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937:None but the owlet that cries how, how.
743:, and is often referred to by the name
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1081:Sertum Ecclesiae, the Church's Flowers
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272:The words of the carol occur in three
244:Of all the trees that are in the wood,
156:Of all the trees that are in the wood,
1244:The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library
1219:The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library
1194:The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library
877:Nay, ivy, nay, it shall not be I wis;
701:, which is publicly available on the
140:The following are taken from Sharp's
7:
1682:Hail Queen of Heaven, the Ocean Star
1347:. Itasca Books. pp. 86–87, 89.
1022:The Holly & Ivy; Twelve Articles
795:". The music was first published by
605:Melody as first published in Sharp,
1144:. London: A.H. Bullen. p. 374.
925:Holly hath birds a fair full flock,
915:Ivy hath berries black as any sloe;
905:Holly hath berries red as any rose,
847:Nay, my nay, hyt shal not be I wys,
697:in the early 1930s and recorded by
132:, from a woman named Mary Clayton.
1368:Struthers, Jane (4 October 2010).
1065:. London: W. Hone. pp. 97–99.
1041:Herald Angels; The Holly & Ivy
666:Problems playing these files? See
312:also includes the carol, stating:
14:
1372:. Ebury Publishing. p. 218.
1121:Husk, William Henry, ed. (1864).
703:Vaughan Williams Memorial Library
184:And Mary bore sweet Jesus Christ,
2039:
2038:
1576:
1264:Warren, Nathan Boughton (1868).
1058:Hone, William (2 January 2020).
807:and by choirs around the world.
651:
633:
230:And Mary bore sweet Jesus Christ
216:And Mary bore sweet Jesus Christ
198:And Mary bore sweet Jesus Christ
95:" is a traditional British folk
1798:Nun, BrĂĽder, sind wir frohgemut
1287:. London: Novello, Ewer and Co.
1101:Sylvester, Joshua, ed. (1861).
1086:The Theologian and Ecclesiastic
935:Good ivy, what birds hast thou?
172:The playing of the merry organ,
1986:Noi vogliam Dio, Vergine Maria
242:When they are both full grown,
154:When they are both full grown,
99:, listed as number 514 in the
1:
1788:Maria durch ein Dornwald ging
1551:Hymns and Carols of Christmas
1320:Christmas History and Customs
839:Holly and ivy in the snow in
306:A Garland of Christmas Carols
218:On Christmas Day in the morn.
212:4. The holly bears a prickle,
180:2. The holly bears a blossom,
1758:Freu dich, du Himmelskönigin
1753:Es kommt ein Schiff, geladen
1727:Ye Watchers and Ye Holy Ones
1434:The Holly and the Ivy lyrics
1284:Christmas Carols New and Old
719:Set to an "Old French Carol"
591:
182:As white as the lily flower,
168:And the running of the deer,
21:The Holly and the Ivy (film)
1778:Maria, breit den Mantel aus
1677:Bring Flowers of the Rarest
1541:Steve Roud on superstitions
1400:Ciesla, William M. (2002).
1318:Sanford Niles, ed. (1895).
1002:. Birmingham: H. Wadsworth.
826:Ancient Mysteries Described
759:represents His mother, the
289:Ancient Mysteries Described
280:in the early 19th century.
194:3. The holly bears a berry,
176:Sweet singing in the choir.
2113:
1935:Vespro della Beata Vergine
1913:Quem terra, pontus, sidera
1763:Gegrüßet seist du, Königin
1748:Es ist ein Ros entsprungen
1384:The British native holly (
1025:. Birmingham: D. Wrighton.
246:The holly bears the crown.
226:5. The holly bears a bark,
209:
200:For to do us sinners good.
161:The holly bears the crown.
111:dating at least as far as
18:
2024:
1743:Den Herren will ich loben
1343:Mosteller, Angie (2008).
1044:. Birmingham: T. Bloomer.
470:The playing of the merry
240:6. The holly and the ivy,
152:1. The holly and the ivy,
61:English traditional carol
35:
1533:14 December 2013 at the
977:Sharp, Cecil J. (1911).
953:List of Christmas carols
576:Clare College, Cambridge
570:", a quaint town in the
186:To be our sweet Saviour.
2082:British Christmas songs
1476:. Time-Life Books Inc.
814:Green Groweth the Holly
805:Nine Lessons and Carols
699:James Madison Carpenter
596:download the audio file
444:The running of the deer
415:The rising of the sun,
339:The Holly Bears a Berry
19:For the 1952 film, see
1876:Missa de Beata Virgine
1717:The Seven Joys of Mary
1636:Alma Redemptoris Mater
843:
785:
733:
720:
622:
361:Wadsworth (1814–1818)
323:
302:
269:
228:As bitter as any gall,
214:As sharp as any thorn,
120:in the market town of
88:
42:Holly and ivy in Wales
2077:Pinky and Perky songs
2029:Catholic Marian music
1923:Stabat Mater speciosa
1768:Glauben können wie du
1712:The Holly and the Ivy
1370:The Book of Christmas
1124:Songs of the Nativity
1079:Review of Rivington,
838:
731:
718:
621:
367:Wrighton (1812–1830)
310:Songs of the Nativity
267:
249:The rising of the sun
235:The rising of the sun
221:The rising of the sun
203:The rising of the sun
189:The rising of the sun
164:The rising of the sun
93:The Holly and the Ivy
82:
31:The Holly and the Ivy
2092:Year of song unknown
1971:Deus ti salvet Maria
801:Henry Walford Davies
530:singing in the choir
364:Bloomer (1817–1827)
326:Early English Lyrics
196:As red as any blood,
101:Roud Folk Song Index
69:7.6.8.6 with refrain
2016:VaggsĂĄng till Jesus
1940:Virgo Prudentissima
1814:Angelus ad virginem
1722:What Child Is This?
1702:Mary, Did You Know?
1641:Ave Regina caelorum
1562:Holly and Ivy Songs
1528:Hymns Without Words
1449:Steve Roud (2004).
1154:Sharp (1911), p. 63
999:The Holly & Ivy
980:English Folk-Carols
775:that were shed for
749:Christian symbolism
732:Green holly and ivy
724:Cultural background
607:English Folk-Carols
564:English Folk-Carols
354:
142:English Folk-Carols
2072:Songs about plants
2001:Queen of the Waves
1991:O Maria, Deu maire
1949:in other languages
1891:O magnum mysterium
1881:Missa Pange lingua
1773:Lasst uns erfreuen
1687:I syng of a mayden
1667:A Virgin Unspotted
1502:has generic name (
983:. London: Novello.
844:
811:wrote a love song
734:
721:
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349:
270:
89:
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1976:Gabriel's Message
1886:Missa sine nomine
1793:Mariae Wiegenlied
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647:Piano arrangement
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376:Sylvester (1861)
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232:To redeem us all.
85:Cecil James Sharp
80:
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2067:Christmas carols
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1856:Ave maris stella
1707:O Mary of Graces
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864:Nay, my nay etc
781:Christmas season
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384:verse 1 line 2:
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1535:Wayback Machine
1521:for piano from
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1443:Further reading
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558:Standard melody
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499:chorus line 4:
468:chorus line 3:
437:chorus line 2:
413:chorus line 1:
389:both well grown
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126:Gloucestershire
97:Christmas carol
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52:Christmas carol
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910:Nay, ivy, nay,
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890:Nay, ivy, nay,
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745:Christ's thorn
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2087:Marian hymns
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2006:RĂu RĂu ChĂu
1918:Stabat Mater
1861:Evviva Maria
1711:
1651:Salve Regina
1646:Regina caeli
1620:Marian hymns
1583:Christianity
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1961:Axion Estin
1824:Bach/Gounod
1519:sheet music
1453:. Penguin.
1004:; see also
797:Cecil Sharp
761:Virgin Mary
683:Ross-on-Wye
118:Cecil Sharp
2061:Categories
2034:Theotokion
1866:Magnificat
1660:in English
1249:5 December
1224:5 December
1199:5 December
959:References
809:Henry VIII
668:media help
475: [
319:Birmingham
278:Birmingham
274:broadsides
1908:O sodales
1896:Lauridsen
1819:Ave Maria
1736:in German
1628:Antiphons
1492:cite book
1345:Christmas
777:salvation
580:hexachord
572:Cotswolds
505:the choir
109:Christmas
2045:Category
1981:MĹŤ Maria
1839:Schubert
1834:Bruckner
1807:in Latin
1531:Archived
947:See also
755:and the
695:Cornwall
691:Camborne
417:the sun,
358:Variant
332:Variants
113:medieval
1084:, from
387:Now are
373:(1849)
260:History
130:England
1849:Vierne
1569:Portal
1480:
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799:. Sir
609:(1911)
481:]
345:Lyrics
87:(1911)
1928:Verdi
1844:Verdi
1829:Biebl
1517:Free
1062:shows
773:blood
753:Jesus
737:Holly
553:Music
472:groan
136:Words
105:holly
66:Meter
48:Genre
1504:help
1478:ISBN
1455:ISBN
1412:ISBN
1374:ISBN
1349:ISBN
1251:2020
1226:2020
1201:2020
942:etc
629:Tune
251:etc
205:etc
107:and
58:Text
1307:–8.
932:etc
922:etc
912:etc
902:etc
892:etc
757:ivy
528:The
478:sic
441:And
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223:etc
191:etc
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1490:{{
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
