90:
106:-based “Z-bridge” component that manages memory mapping of the local SoC to the fabric attached memory. The Z-bridge deals with two different kinds of addresses: 53-bit logical Z addresses and 75-bit Z addresses, which allows addressing 8PB and 32ZB respectively. Each Z-bridge also contained a firewall to enforce access control. The interconnect protocol was developed in-house and known as Next Generation Memory Interconnect (NGMI). This protocol evolved into the open
211:
The mapping of memory is handled by the OS, while the access controls for the memory are configured by the management infrastructure of The
Machine system as a whole. Software needs to be aware that fabric attached memory memory reads can have synchronous errors whilst writes can have asynchronous
207:
In the prototype system, the fabric attached memory of the system was organised by a "top of rack" management server component called The
Librarian. The Librarian divided the memory into "shelves" of 8GB "books", and hardware protections could be configured on book boundaries. A fine grained 64KB
282:
By early 2017, Hewlett
Packard Labs had a slide saying that the project's aim was “to demonstrate progress, not develop products” and they would “collaborate to deliver differentiating Machine value into existing architectures as well as disruptive architectures”.
85:
need cache coherency, hardware was added to the bridges to do atomic operations at that level. Each node also has a limited amount of local private cache-coherent memory (256 GB). Storage and compute on each node had completely separate power domains.
184:
called Linux++ with all the necessary enhancements to configure the hardware and work with traditional programming models. This included bridge configuration, access control and mapping using the DAX subsystem. In parallel, a new
546:
77:. The Machine was envisioned to be a rack-scale computer initially with 80 processors and 320 TB of fabric attached memory, with potential for scaling to more enclosures up to 32 ZB. The fabric attached memory is not
93:
A logical diagram showing a single node in the
Machine. Dozens of nodes are connected together using the backplane. The initial prototype contained DRAM, with the eventual goal of being replaced with more
102:(which was 48-bits wide). A way is needed to map windows of the fabric attached memory into processor memory. Therefore, communication between each node SoC and the memory pool goes through an
219:
Programming model and data structure changes were also explored, including changes to thread libraries and heap data structures to be resilient with non-volatile memory failure modes.
550:
780:
287:
said "In other words, The
Machine is no longer a product in its own right. Instead it will provide technologies that will be used in other HPE products going forward.".
656:
972:
805:
756:
495:
298:
In 2018, HPE stated that the project had reached the stage where it needed commercial applications from customers in the next step of its evolution.
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930:
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62:
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204:. HPE claimed that a memory-driven computing design like The Machine could "improve speeds by up to 8000x compared to conventional systems".
1382:
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996:
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1600:
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31:
189:(OS) called Carbon was announced that would be designed from first principles to take full advantage of an NVRAM based computer.
784:
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681:
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1505:
239:. He announced the project at HP’s Discover event in the summer of 2014. Some of the ideas of The Machine also came from
1595:
1068:
Hsu, Terry Ching-Hsiang; BrĂĽgner, Helge; Roy, Indrajit; Keeton, Kimberly; Eugster, Patrick (2017-04-23). "NVthreads".
43:
1313:
279:
staff would be moved into the
Enterprise product group to "align our R&D work on The Machine with the business".
1480:
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877:
316:
288:
269:
23:
1103:
70:
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system designs. Three-quarters of HP Labs’s 200 staff were focused on the hardware and software of the machine.
133:
ThunderX2 SoCs. In total there were 40 32-core SoCs. Due to unavailability of adequate memristor-based NVRAM or
1407:
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389:
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99:
27:
1234:
276:
806:"HP reveals more details about The Machine: Linux++ OS coming 2015, prototype in 2016 | ExtremeTech"
134:
1266:
1156:
367:
346:
Proceedings of the 5th
International Workshop on Runtime and Operating Systems for Supercomputers
201:
193:
107:
1221:
Strukov, Dmitri B.; Snider, Gregory S.; Stewart, Duncan R.; Williams, R. Stanley (2008-05-01).
547:"Gen-Z Looks to Ignite IT innovation With Open, High-Performance Interconnect Technology | HPE"
250:, HP says it would commercialize The Machine within a few years, “or fall on its face trying.”
1258:
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1148:
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145:
said this "can be used to prove the other parts of the design before switching". According to
66:
1003:
172:
The Next
Platform estimated the rack prototype to consume 24 kW to 36 kW of power.
98:
The whole fabric attached memory of The
Machine is too large to be mapped into a processor's
1242:
1140:
1073:
349:
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reported that the
Machine prototype "remains years away from being commercially available".
275:
In late 2016, Martin Fink retired as HPE CTO. Fink's retirement announcement also said that
186:
74:
58:
39:
35:
78:
1072:. EuroSys '17. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 468–482.
852:
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standard. The Z-bridge connects to the SoC using PCIe, avoiding major software changes.
61:
with many individual nodes connected over a memory fabric. The fabric interconnect used
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236:
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Two major software projects were created for the Machine. An experimental version of
142:
114:
1338:"Big Data: A Monster Machine for Solving Monster-sized Data Problems | Formtek Blog"
30:
for servers. The design focused on a “memory centric computing” architecture, where
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730:
371:
258:
240:
146:
118:
89:
853:"The Machine with Open Source Carbon OS is the Next Big Thing - if HP can deliver"
157:-based NVRAM ran into funding and directional problems and they were working with
291:
restructured its pure R&D organization and placed it in the products group.
82:
1359:"Linux Leader Bdale Garbee Touts Potential of HPE's Newest Open Source Project"
348:. ROSS '15. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. p. 1.
235:
project to build a computer system based on memristor to tackle the slowing of
165:) for The Machine. According to The Next Platform, HPE considered switching to
1254:
1222:
1152:
657:"HPE Rolls Out The Machine Prototype, Its Version of the Future of Computing"
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126:
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605:"HP Enterprise Unveils Prototype of Next-Generation Computer 'The Machine'"
1174:
1128:
341:
150:
1246:
781:"HP's The Machine Open Source OS: Truly Revolutionary – Channel Futures"
26:. It was created as part of a research project to develop a new type of
265:
232:
158:
122:
1127:
Chakrabarti, Dhruva R.; Boehm, Hans-J.; Bhandari, Kumud (2014-10-15).
661:
Data Center Knowledge | News and analysis for the data center industry
81:
and requires software to be aware of this property. Since traditional
49:. The aim of the project was to build and evaluate this new design.
138:
130:
997:"Billion node graph inference: iterative processing on The Machine"
444:
169:
DIMMs "when production quantities of are available on the market".
1070:
Proceedings of the Twelfth European Conference on Computer Systems
931:"Dell executive says HP's new Machine architecture is 'laughable'"
181:
1288:"With 'The Machine,' HP May Have Invented a New Kind of Computer"
1530:"Hewlett Packard Enterprise reveals powerful computer prototype"
955:"Rack Scalable OS for The Machine and the Case for Capabilities"
473:
264:
In 2015, Hewlett-Packard separated into two separate companies,
103:
1129:"Atlas: leveraging locks for non-volatile memory consistency"
973:"RIP HPE's The Machine product, 2014-2016: We hardly knew ye"
757:"RIP HPE's The Machine product, 2014-2016: We hardly knew ye"
496:"RIP HPE's The Machine product, 2014-2016: We hardly knew ye"
731:"HPE's 'The Machine' computer prototype has 160TB of memory"
707:"HPE 's The Machine, Secure Computing And Intelligent Edges"
212:
errors. On the Linux system, when a memory error occurs the
16:
An experimental computer made by Hewlett Packard Enterprise
1029:"HP 'The Machine' Supercomputer Is 8000x Faster Than a PC"
517:
515:
1506:"HPE Labs goes all in for The Machine – with John Obeto"
272:(HPE), with The Machine project assigned to the latter.
231:, the newly appointed CTO of HP, Martin Fink, created a
682:"HPE shows off The Machine prototype without memistors"
630:"Sandia to Take Delivery of World's Largest Arm System"
1457:"HPE Moves The Machine into Enterprise Group | TOP500"
69:
with a custom chip called the X1. Access to memory is
1556:"HPE Boots Up Sandbox Of The Machine For Early Users"
1198:"Non Volatile Heaps And Object Stores In The Machine"
878:"Operating Systems, Virtualization, And The Machine"
390:"The Memory Scalability At The Heart Of The Machine"
469:"Can HPE's "The Machine" Deliver? - IEEE Spectrum"
22:is the name of an experimental computer made by
1481:"What happened to the HP machine? | TechTarget"
1314:"HPE's Superdome Gets An SGI NUMAlink Makeover"
906:"HP to launch "revolutionary" computer and OS"
253:Kirk Bresniker served as Chief Architect, and
1408:"HP Enterprise CTO Martin Fink stepping down"
261:was hired to manage open source development.
257:was hired to work on the Linux enhancements.
8:
1433:"Cutting Hewlett-Packard Labs down to size"
899:
897:
227:A few years after HP’s re-discovery of the
192:Primary workloads for The Machine included
141:. Despite this setback, software architect
34:replaced traditional DRAM and disks in the
1077:
445:"A look at The Machine [LWN.net]"
317:"Drilling Down Into The Machine From HPE"
117:prototype of the machine was unveiled at
42:and could be accessed from any CPU via a
1179:, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, 2022-08-01
1176:Atlas: Programming for Persistent Memory
580:"HPE Powers Up The Machine Architecture"
88:
1312:Morgan, Timothy Prickett (2017-11-07).
1196:Morgan, Timothy Prickett (2016-02-08).
876:Morgan, Timothy Prickett (2016-02-01).
388:Morgan, Timothy Prickett (2017-06-15).
315:Morgan, Timothy Prickett (2016-01-04).
307:
121:in London in 2016. Each node contained
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1048:The Librarian File System (LFS) Suite
651:
649:
439:
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431:
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7:
1051:, Fabric-Attached Memory, 2022-03-13
834:, Fabric-Attached Memory, 2017-11-16
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1104:"Memory-Driven Computing | USENIX"
1027:Donnell, Peter (5 December 2016).
14:
831:FabricAttachedMemory/linux-l4fame
216:operating system signal is used.
1504:says, Calvin Zito (2016-06-28).
1357:Bhartiya, Swapnil (2016-06-08).
904:Roszczyk, William (2014-12-09).
603:Clark, Don (28 November 2016).
340:Keeton, Kimberly (2015-06-16).
200:-style software, and real-time
137:, the prototype used 160 TB of
929:Niccolai, James (2014-06-12).
628:Trader, Tiffany (2018-06-18).
208:"booklet" was also supported.
1:
1223:"The missing memristor found"
851:Pirzada, Usman (2014-12-21).
1554:Burt, Jeffrey (2018-06-21).
1002:. 2017-05-08. Archived from
783:. 2022-01-21. Archived from
549:. 2022-01-31. Archived from
1617:
578:Teich, Paul (2017-01-09).
523:"the machine architecture"
270:Hewlett Packard Enterprise
24:Hewlett Packard Enterprise
1601:Silicon photonics devices
149:, HPE's partnership with
73:and may include multiple
1145:10.1145/2714064.2660224
1079:10.1145/3064176.3064204
354:10.1145/2768405.2768406
95:
1586:Computer architecture
100:virtual address space
92:
28:computer architecture
1534:uk.finance.yahoo.com
1383:"Two HPs, One Dream"
277:Hewlett Packard Labs
1596:Non-volatile memory
1437:www.theregister.com
1247:10.1038/nature06932
1239:2008Natur.453...80S
1133:ACM SIGPLAN Notices
977:www.theregister.com
810:www.extremetech.com
761:www.theregister.com
609:Wall Street Journal
500:www.theregister.com
139:battery-backed DRAM
135:phase-change memory
686:www.reseller.co.nz
202:big data analytics
194:in-memory database
161:on Resistive RAM (
96:
57:The Machine was a
1560:The Next Platform
1318:The Next Platform
1202:The Next Platform
1089:978-1-4503-4938-3
882:The Next Platform
584:The Next Platform
394:The Next Platform
363:978-1-4503-3606-2
321:The Next Platform
176:Software overview
67:silicon photonics
53:Hardware overview
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285:BleepingComputer
187:operating system
59:computer cluster
40:byte addressable
38:. The NVRAM was
36:memory hierarchy
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1431:Mellor, Chris.
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1233:(7191): 80–83.
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1536:. 16 May 2017
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1009:on 2017-05-08
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