114:), a general recently promoted to his position who belittles and shouts at his subordinates to solidify his self-importance. After keeping Akaky waiting, the general demands of him exactly why he has brought so trivial a matter to him, personally, and not presented it to his secretary. Socially inept Akaky makes an unflattering remark concerning departmental secretaries, provoking so powerful a scolding from the general that he nearly faints and must be led from the general's office. Soon afterward, Akaky falls deathly ill with fever. In his last hours, he is delirious, imagining himself again sitting before the general; at first, Akaky pleads forgiveness, but as his death nears, he curses the general.
129:: Bureaucrat in one of the departments of the Russian government in St. Petersburg, the nation's capital city. Bashmachkin, about fifty, is a quiet, self-effacing man with red hair and a receding hairline. His job is to copy documents such as letters. Although he enjoys his work and never makes a mistake, he has no desire to take on more challenging work, realizing that he has limited capabilities. Because he is meek and dresses shabbily, most of his coworkers regard him as a nobody and frequently pick on him. When his cloak becomes so frayed that it can no longer protect him against the bitter cold, he dedicates himself to saving enough money to purchase a new cloak.
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the nature of bureaucratic work because he enjoys performing bureaucratic tasks like copying because he lacks an inner life. Gogol makes light of his fitness for mundane bureaucratic activities by joking that Akaky was always "to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation; so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in undress uniform with a bald head." When Akaky is asked to make a minor change in a document instead of merely copying it, he cannot do it. Akaky "labored with love" and longed for nothing but copying. A good contrast would be
Melville's
416:. Bartleby is quite adept at his job as a copyist, but arrives "incurably forlorn" when he is first employed. Bartleby begins rejecting his work saying "I would prefer not to," gradually rejecting more and more, until he finally dies staring at a wall having rejected life itself. Bartleby's antisocial, otherworldly and melancholy features make him uncanny and he has been interpreted as a provocateur of existential crisis. Akaky, on the other hand, is presented in a humorous way initially. This is partly because he represents a "type" presented in anecdotal form by Gogol.
448:, is that he is not the lowest-ranked in the hierarchy and thus in society. He has mastered the bureaucratic language and has internalized it to the extent that he describes and treats the non-civil servants ("only two 'civilians,' the landlady and tailor, play more than incidental roles") as if they are part of the same world—the tailor is described as sitting "like a Turkish Pasha", that is, a government official, and Akaky "treats the self-effacing old landlady just like his bosses treat him at the office ('somehow coldly and despotically')".
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respond, until finally he is provoked to exclaim "Leave me alone! Why do you insult me?" Upon hearing this, one new worker was compelled to stop. This young man never forgot Akaky and his "heart-rending words" which carried the unspoken message "I am thy brother." Remembering Akaky he "shuddered at how much inhumanity there is in man." Indeed, the coworker's comments underscore one possible interpretation of the story:
94:. Although Akaky is dedicated to his job, he is little recognized in his department for his hard work. Instead, the younger clerks tease him and attempt to distract him whenever they can. His threadbare overcoat is often the butt of their jokes. Akaky decides it is necessary to have the coat repaired, so he takes it to his tailor, Petrovich, who declares the coat irreparable, telling Akaky he must buy a new overcoat.
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before a shop window to look at a picture representing a handsome woman...baring her whole foot in a very pretty way." He laughs and does not know why because he experiences previously unknown feelings. Akaky also treats the coat with the tenderness and obsession of a lover. When the construction of the coat is first commissioned Akaky feels that his existence became "fuller, as if he were married."
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813:. The "Gogol" of this novel finds meaning in the story, after struggling with the name given to him by his father. In the novel, Gogol's father justifies his choice for his son's name by saying "We all came out of Gogol's Overcoat......One day you will understand..." An adaptation of the novel was produced as a film,
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Soon, a corpse, identified as Akaky's ghost, haunts areas of St. Petersburg, taking overcoats from people; the police are finding it difficult to capture him. Finally, Akaky's ghost catches up with the general—who, since Akaky's death, had begun to feel guilt over having mistreated him—and takes his
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fur was too expensive, so they use cat fur for the collar). The new coat is of impressively good quality and appearance and is the talk of Akaky's office on the day he arrives wearing it. His superior decides to host a party honoring the new overcoat, at which the habitually solitary Akaky is out of
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Akaky progresses from an introverted and hopeless but functioning non-entity with no expectations of social or material success to one whose self-esteem and thereby expectations are raised by the overcoat. Akaky is described as humorously fit for his position as a non-entity. He is not oppressed by
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have all had their moments of irrational insight which simultaneously blurred the sentence and disclosed a secret meaning worth the sudden focal shift. But with Gogol this shifting is the very basis of his art, so that whenever he tried to write in the round hand of literary tradition and to treat
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It is also possible to read the text from a psychoanalytic perspective. Akaky's libido is repressed and sublimated into the task of copying. After he acquires the coat, he expresses sexual interest. Akaky "even started to run, without knowing why, after some lady." He also "halted out of curiosity
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Akaky's overcoat allows him to become human instead of a merely bureaucratic tool. A Marxist reading of the text would interpret Akaky's material desire as granting him humanity. The story does not condemn private acquisition and materialism, but asserts that human beings can have fulfillment from
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The cost of a new overcoat is beyond Akaky's meager salary, so he forces himself to live within a strict budget to save sufficient money to buy the new overcoat. Meanwhile, he and
Petrovich frequently meet to discuss the style of the new coat. During that time, Akaky's zeal for copying is replaced
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as Akaky. In this version, the Very
Important Person whose overcoat Akaky's ghost takes is Akaky's immediate superior Colonel Borzov, and the ending is altered to have Akaky's ghost visit him in his office (rather than on his way home in his sleigh, as in the story) to take both the overcoat and
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Critics have noted the famous "humane passage" which demonstrates a sudden shift in the narration's style from comic to tragic. Though Akaky is not oppressed by his task, he is by his coworkers who treat him "in a coolly despotic way" and "laughed at and made fun of him". Akaky usually does not
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The narrator's portrayal of Akaky jars the reader, like the young man himself, from carefree mockery to graven sympathy. Gogol is noted for his instability of style, tone, genre among other literary devices, as Boris
Eichenbaum notes. Eichenbaum also notes that Gogol wrote "The Overcoat" in a
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attention to material goods. Material goods, in particular clothing, do not merely mask real human character, but can modify a person's identity in a positive and liberating way. Akaky's social alienation and belittlement give way to community inclusion and genuine respect.
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overcoat, frightening him terribly; satisfied, Akaky is not seen again. The narrator ends his narration with the account of another ghost seen in another part of the city. This other ghost meets the description of one of the ruffians.
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The Danish choreographer
Flemming Flindt created a version for Dennis Nahat and the Clevelend-San Jose Ballet. The principal role was performed by Rudolph Nureyev at the world premiere at the Edinburgh Festival in the summer of
404:, derived from the Greek, is "harmless" or "lacking evil", showing the humiliation it must have taken to drive his ghost to violence. His surname Bashmachkin, meanwhile, comes from the word 'bashmak', a type of
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with excitement about his new overcoat, to the point that he thinks of little else. Finally, with the addition of an unexpectedly large holiday salary bonus, Akaky has saved enough money to buy a new overcoat.
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Akaky finds no help from the authorities in recovering his lost overcoat. Finally, on the advice of another clerk in his department, he asks for help from an "important personage" (Russian: значительное лицо,
424:"How little humane feeling after all was to be found in men's hearts; how much coarseness and cruelty was to be found even in the educated and those who were everywhere regarded as good and honorable men."
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171:: Bureaucrat mainly concerned with demonstrating the power he wields as a supervisor. He excoriates Akaky for not going through the proper government channels to get an interview. He is of no help.
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Gogol makes much of Akaky's name in the opening passages, saying, "the circumstances were such that it was quite out of the question to give him any other name..." The literal meaning of the name
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Akaky's low position in the bureaucratic hierarchy is evident, and the extent to which he looks up the hierarchical ladder is well documented; sometimes forgotten, according to
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place; after the party, Akaky goes home, far later than he normally would. En route home, two ruffians confront him, take his coat, kick him down, and leave him in the snow.
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features a character named after
Nikolai Gogol whose supernatural ability is named ''The Overcoat'', which allows him to store and retrieve anything from his overcoat.
159:: Official who hears Akaky's report about his stolen cloak. The policeman asks Akaky embarrassing questions, as if he was a criminal. The policeman is of no help.
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165:: Coworker of Akaky who advises him to see a certain prominent personage in a government office who will help Akaky track down his stolen cloak.
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Akaky
Akakievich Bashmachkin (Russian: Акакий Акакиевич Башмачкин), an impoverished government clerk and copyist in the Russian capital of
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480:, he really let himself go and pottered on the brink of his private abyss, he became the greatest artist that Russia has yet produced."
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Boris
Eichenbaum, Beth Paul and Muriel Nesbitt, "The Structure of Gogol's 'The Overcoat,'" The Russian Review 22.4 (1963): 13.
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433:—a difficult-to-translate colloquial language in Russian deriving from or associated with an oral storytelling tradition.
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70:, discussing Russian realist writers, said: "We all came out from under Gogol's Overcoat" (a quote often misattributed to
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See Daniel
Rancour-Laferriere, Out from Under Gogol's Overcoat: A Psychoanalytic Study, (Anne Arbor: Ardis 1982) 251.
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For an existential reading of
Bartleby see Olga Todoric, "Bartleby, the Absurd Hero" Moderna Språk 94.1 (2000) 15–18.
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135:: One-eyed, heavy-drinking, decent tailor whom Bashmachkin hires to make his new cloak. Petrovitch was once a serf.
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version of 'The Overcoat' at the time of his death in 1973: it was completed and orchestrated by V. Sapozhnikov.
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A stamp depicting "The Overcoat", from the souvenir sheet of Russia devoted to the 200th birth anniversary of
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141:: Woman of plain looks whom the narrator says Petrovitch calls "a low female and a German" when they argue.
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Herman Melville, "Bartleby the Scrivener," Billy Budd and Other Stories (New York: Penguin Books, 1986) 11.
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Akaky and Petrovich go to the shops in St. Petersburg and pick the finest materials they can afford (
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A recent adaptation by Morris Panych and Wendy Gorling, set to various music by Russian composer
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611:(1976) – an Iraqi Kurdish made-for-TV film adapted by Simko Nakam and directed by Jamal Mohamad
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rational ideas in a logical way, he lost all trace of talent. When, as in the immortal
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Nikolai Gogol, "The Overcoat" (Coradella Collegiate Bookshelf Editions, 2004) 5.
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Chizhevsky, Dimitry (1974). "About Gogol's Overcoat". In Robert Maguire (ed.).
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described "The Overcoat" as "The greatest Russian short story ever written".
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McFarlin, Harold A. (1979). "'The Overcoat' As a Civil Service Episode".
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540:(1951) – a film of Marcel Marceau's Mime Play with W. Schleif in Berlin
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328: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Gogol's `Perfectly True' Tale: `The Overcoat' and Its Mode of Closure,
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586:'s 1953 play of the same name. Here the story is transposed to the
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and the protagonists are poor Jews working in the clothing trade.
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The Tale of How Ivan Ivanovich Quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich
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The Lost Letter: A Tale Told by the Sexton of the N...Church
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Gogol's The Overcoat: Critical Studies in Russian Literature
62:, published in 1842. The story has had a great influence on
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Borzov's Very Important Person medal (and a bag of sugared
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and directed by Sean Mullen & Meelis Arulepp, starring
578:(1955) – an Oscar-winning short British film directed by
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1192:. Chicago (Ill.): University of Chicago, 1992. Print.
908:"быть под башмаком | Перевод быть под башмаком?"
640:(2001) – a Canadian made-for-TV film produced by the
548:("Il Cappotto") (1952) – an Italian film directed by
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Gogol's story was adapted twice on the radio series
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1072:. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. 54.
505:A number of films have used the story, both in the
894:"Gogol's The Cloak (The Overcoat): A Study Guide"
1026:Gogol From the Twentieth Century: Eleven Essays
1203:, Vol. 14, No. 1, Winter, 1977, pp. 35–40
665:(2017) – a short film adapted and directed by
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1176:The Overcoat and Other Tales of Good and Evil
1095:"20 Years of Toil, 20 Minutes of Unique Film"
516:(1916) – an American silent film directed by
273:. Consider transferring direct quotations to
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1178:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1965
1028:. Princeton: Princeton UP. pp. 295–322.
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527:(1926) – a Soviet silent film directed by
388:Learn how and when to remove this message
235:Learn how and when to remove this message
86:The story narrates the life and death of
54: Shinyél’; sometimes translated as "
691:(2018) – an animated special adapted by
215:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1682:Short stories set in the Russian Empire
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1185:London: Bristol Classical Press, 2000.
745:Three Ivans, Two Aunts and an Overcoat
617:(1986) – an adaptation for the Indian
19:For the films based on the story, see
1454:Ivan Fyodorovich Shponka and His Aunt
1190:The Sexual Labyrinth of Nikolai Gogol
729:starred as Akaky in an adaptation on
659:, in the works since the early 1980s.
264:too many or overly lengthy quotations
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326:adding citations to reliable sources
602:(1959) – a Soviet film directed by
147:: Men who steal Akaky's new cloak.
1352:The Order of Vladimir, Third Class
1225:, complete Public Domain recording
799:The protagonist in the 2003 novel
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651:– an unfinished animated film by
1672:Short stories adapted into films
1426:May Night, or the Drowned Maiden
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1042:Canadian-American Slavic Studies
563:Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., Presents
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1405:Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka
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1070:Lectures on Russian Literature
461:Lectures on Russian Literature
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21:The Overcoat (disambiguation)
127:Akaky Akakievich Bashmachkin
1239:public domain audiobook at
1093:Finn, Peter (31 May 2005).
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566:television series starring
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1619:The Girl in the White Coat
1068:Nabokov, Vladimir (1981).
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733:CBS Radio Mystery Theater
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1468:The Old World Landowners
1331:The Government Inspector
1201:Studies in Short Fiction
852:"The Art of Translation"
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271:summarize the quotations
68:Eugène-Melchior de Vogüé
1412:The Fair at Sorochyntsi
1055:10.1163/221023979X00096
819:, in 2006, directed by
414:Bartleby, the Scrivener
151:Landlady of Bashmachkin
58:") is a short story by
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739:On April 3, 2002, the
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16:Story by Nikolai Gogol
1590:(1926 silent Russian)
1160:. culturevulture.net.
1140:"The Overcoat (2018)"
1122:"The Overcoat (2017)"
770:The Russian composer
634:(1997) – a Greek film
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202:synthesis of material
157:District Police Chief
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1603:The Bespoke Overcoat
1447:A Terrible Vengeance
721:Sir Michael Redgrave
657:Francheska Yarbusova
575:The Bespoke Overcoat
322:improve this article
163:Employee With Advice
74:). Writing in 1941,
1174:Gogol, Nicolai V.
1100:The Washington Post
850:Nabokov, Vladimir.
783:Dmitri Shostakovich
452:Critical assessment
169:Prominent Personage
112:znachitelnoye litso
1662:1842 short stories
1188:Karlinsky, Simon.
958:Vissarion Belinsky
794:In popular culture
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88:titular councillor
64:Russian literature
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1503:Diary of a Madman
1461:A Bewitched Place
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774:was working on a
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529:Grigori Kozintsev
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1627:The Overcoat
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1611:The Overcoat
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1595:The Overcoat
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1571:The Overcoat
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1524:The Overcoat
1523:
1517:The Carriage
1489:The Portrait
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1345:The Gamblers
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1289:Bibliography
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1223:The Overcoat
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727:Hans Conreid
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693:Hugh O'Conor
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378:October 2021
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315:verification
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1403:Preface to
1364:collections
1362:Short story
1313:Taras Bulba
1217:, full text
741:BBC Radio 4
623:Katha Sagar
619:DD National
484:Adaptations
32:Igor Grabar
1656:Categories
1638:Television
1386:Arabesques
1306:Dead Souls
1169:References
826:The manga
749:Jim Poyser
518:Rae Berger
348:newspapers
279:Wikisource
122:Characters
72:Dostoevsky
30:Cover, by
1630:(Russian)
1276:Works by
1236:The Cloak
978:Gogol 3–5
920:Gogol 3–6
821:Mira Nair
723:as Akaky.
669:starring
582:based on
275:Wikiquote
262:contains
217:talk page
175:Physician
133:Petrovich
56:The Cloak
52:translit.
1573:" (1842)
1510:The Nose
1379:Mirgorod
1338:Marriage
1241:LibriVox
1014:Gogol 19
1005:Gogol 25
996:Gogol 27
811:Calcutta
588:East End
1106:1 April
743:series
675:Tim Key
473:Chekhov
469:Tolstoy
465:Pushkin
362:scholar
48:Шине́ль
44:Russian
34:, 1890s
1622:(2011)
1606:(1955)
1298:Novels
1076:
861:24 May
776:ballet
765:Ballet
592:London
558:(1954)
496:, 2009
364:
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210:relate
103:marten
1579:Films
1323:Plays
837:Notes
805:, by
789:1990.
758:rusks
708:Radio
501:Films
402:Akaky
369:JSTOR
355:books
1569:'s "
1144:IMDb
1126:IMDb
1108:2015
1074:ISBN
956:See
863:2020
731:The
699:and
681:and
655:and
531:and
431:skaz
406:shoe
341:news
82:Plot
1475:Viy
1199:in
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642:CBC
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324:by
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