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concerned about such literary piracy – "I am fearful some
Bookseller in the American trade may get hold of ," he told his brother in law, "and so run out an edition of it without my adapting it for the London public – or participating in the profits." Determined to protect
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It will be needless to inform any who have read the book, that it is from the pen of Mr. Irving. His rich, and sometimes extravagant humour, his gay and graceful fancy . . . betray the author in every page; even without the aid of those minor peculiarities of style, taste, and local allusions, which
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Little more than five of the 33 chapters deal with
American subjects: the essays "English Writers on America", "The Traits of Indian Character", "Philip of Pokanoket: An Indian Memoir", and parts of "The Author's Account of Himself" and "The Angler"; and Knickerbocker's short stories "Rip Van Winkle"
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Even Irving admitted that he was pleased to have stunned the skeptical
English critics. When one English admirer asked Irving to confirm that he was really an American, Irving responded enthusiastically: "The doubts which her ladyship has heard on the subject seem to have arisen from the old notion
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The graces of style; the rich, warm tone of benevolent feeling; the freely-flowing vein of hearty and happy humour, and the fine-eyed spirit of observation, sustained by an enlightened understanding and regulated by a perception of fitness – a tact – wonderfully quick
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The tale of a henpecked husband who sleeps away twenty years in the
Catskills – a story allegedly found among the papers of Irving's fictional historian Diedrich Knickerbocker. It is explained that Rip Van Winkle had been put under a spell after helping the spectre of Hendrick Hudson
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were almost immediately reprinted in
British literary magazines – and with no real international copyright laws to protect American works from being reprinted in England, poached American writers were entitled neither to the profits for their work, nor to legal recourse. Irving was
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was one of the earliest works to excite his interest in literature. As he said, "Every reader has his first book; I mean to say, one book among all others which in early youth first fascinates his imagination, and at once excites and satisfies the desires of his mind... To me, this first book was
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cemented Irving's reputation, and propelled him to a level of celebrity previously unseen for an
American writer. "I am astonished at the success of my writings in England," Irving wrote to his publisher, "and can hardly persuade myself that it is not all a dream. Had any one told me a few years
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that Irving never forgot – Irving was left with no job and few prospects. He tried at first to serve as an intermediary between
American and English publishers, scouting for English books to reprint in America and vice versa, with only marginal success. In the autumn of 1818, his
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initially existed in two versions: a seven-part serialized
American version in paperback and a two-volume British version in hardback. The British edition contained three essays that were not included in the original American serialized format. Two more essays, "A Sunday in London" and "London
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I now wish to be left for a little while entirely to the bent of my own inclination, and not agitated by new plans for subsistence, or by entreaties to come home . . . I am determined not to return home until I have sent some writings before me that shall, if they have merit, make me return to
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In
Britain, the book did much to promote Americans as legitimate writers, and their work as legitimate literature – a concept that surprised English critics. "Everywhere I find in it the marks of a mind of the utmost elegance and refinement," wrote the English historian
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Irving's tale of small-town school teacher
Ichabod Crane and the Headless Horseman, again attributed to the fictional historian Diedrich Knickerbocker. This ghost story involves the desire for social advancement through marriage, jealousy, and a prank to scare away the competition.
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A humorous piece in which literature is created as easily as a cook might make a stew. He specifically discusses how authors go to libraries to research previously written works—sometimes centuries old—and, partially or completely re-use the concepts discussed in these older works.
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famous – the collection of tales includes "Roscoe", "The Broken Heart", "The Art of Book-making", "A Royal Poet", "The Spectre Bridegroom", "Westminster Abbey", "Little Britain", and "John Bull". Irving's stories were highly influenced by German
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The first four American installments were collected into a single volume and self-published by Irving in London, under John Miller's Burlington Arcade imprint, on February 16, 1820. In early April, however, Miller went bankrupt, leaving the bulk of
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It was not my intention to publish in England, being conscious that much of their contents could be interesting only to American readers, and, in truth, being deterred by the severity with which American productions had been treated by the British
307: – and a key part of its attraction to readers – is the personality of Irving's pseudonymous narrator, Geoffrey Crayon. Erudite, charming, and never one to make himself more interesting than his tales, Crayon holds
391:. At that time, Irving reordered the essays. Consequently, modern editions – based on Irving's own changes for the Author's Revised Edition – do not reflect the order in which the sketches originally appeared.
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s finest pieces, American and English readers alike responded most strongly to the more sentimental tales, especially "The Broken Heart", – which Byron claimed had made him weep – and "The Widow and Her Son".
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initially comprised twenty-nine short stories and essays, published in the United States in seven paperbound installments, appearing intermittently between June 23, 1819, and September 13, 1820. Irving used his brother Ebenezer and friend
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1336:, including all the pieces from the final three American installments, plus three additional essays: the American Indian sketches "Philip of Pokanoket" and "Traits of Indian Character", which Irving had originally written for the
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agreed. " seems to have studied our language where alone it can be studied in all its strength and perfection, and in working these precious mines of literature he has refined for himself the ore which there so richly abounds."
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as his stateside emissaries, mailing packets of each installment to them for final editing and publication. Each installment was published simultaneously in New York, Boston, Baltimore, and Philadelphia by New York publisher
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The first American reviews were the result of well-placed advance publicity, performed on Irving's behalf by his friend Henry Brevoort. Three days after the book's release, Brevoort placed an anonymous review in the
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Stories range from the maudlin (such as "The Wife" and "The Widow and Her Son") to the picaresque ("Little Britain") and the comical ("The Mutability of Literature"), but the common thread running through
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stories, portraying an idealized and old-fashioned Yule celebration at an English country manor. Irving's stories depicted harmonious warm-hearted English Christmas customs he observed while staying in
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A description of the kind of hospitality visitors to the Netherlands can expect. One of the visitors staying in the same Inn as Geoffrey Crayon relays the subsequent tale, "The Spectre Bridegroom".
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358:, and urged Irving to return home. Irving demurred, however, choosing to remain in England and take his chances as a writer. As he told friends and family back in the United States:
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together through the sheer power of his personality – and Irving would, for the rest of his life, seamlessly enmesh Crayon's persona with his own public reputation.
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270:, was among the first widely read works of American literature in Britain and Europe. It also helped advance the reputation of American writers with an international audience.
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Crayon details his ocean voyage from the United States to England. He details the dangers of traveling across the Atlantic to Europe, telling tales of ships lost at sea.
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238:. It was published serially throughout 1819 and 1820. The collection includes two of Irving's best-known stories, attributed to the fictional Dutch historian
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and sure, for which Mr. Irving has been heretofore so much distinguished, are all exhibited anew in the Sketch Book, with freshened beauty and added charms.
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of English life and landscape, written with the author's characteristic charm while he lived in England. Irving wrote in a preface for a later edition:
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A sympathetic portrait of Native Americans, detailing how the White Man took advantage of and outright butchered Native Americans to obtain land.
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Irving spent late 1818 and the early part of 1819 putting the final touches on the short stories and essays that he would eventually publish as
998:, who would send each installment into a second printing through 1819 and 1820. Under Brevoort's influence, the books were formatted as large
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2008:
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since in America, that any thing I could write would interest such men as . . . Byron, I should have as readily believed a fairy tale."
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1977:
1956:
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150:
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A single-volume hardcover version, reprinting the two English volumes, was published in the United States by Van Winkle in 1824.
1537:(London 1652) of Old English Christmas traditions, that he had transcribed into his journal as a format for his stories. Except
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Settlers, who were enthusiastic celebrators of Christmas, Irving contributed to a revival of customs in the United States.
1329:, Murray encouraged Irving to publish the remaining three American installments as a second volume as quickly as possible.
821:, home of "superannuated tradesmen and decayed householders"; one of whom gives him a history of "Little Britain" to read.
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A sentimental piece in which the new wife of an impoverished gentleman teaches her husband that money can't buy happiness.
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Crayon transcribes the history provided to him by the superannuated tradesman, which describes the heart of old London.
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173:
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Christmas festivities – allegedly in the old tradition – continue at Bracebridge Hall.
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283:
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A sentimental piece about true love lost, then found again, too late to save the life of a heartbroken young maiden.
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1951:
Kelly, Richard Michael (ed.) (2003), A Christmas Carol. p.20. Broadview Literary Texts, New York: Broadview Press,
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1481:. Let us hope it will give way before my mother's custards and this charming Geoffrey Crayon." Maggie took up the
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in 1814, and a short original piece, "L'Envoy", in which Irving thanked his British readers for their indulgence.
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Apart from "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow", both of which were immediately acknowledged as
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from further poaching, Irving arranged to secure his British copyright by self-publishing the work in London.
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Crayon discusses evolving literary tastes with a talking book he finds in the library of Westminster Abbey.
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shortly after moving to England for the family business, in 1815. When the family business spiraled into
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1215:
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editions printed on top-grade paper and utilizing 12-point typefaces instead of the usual 8-point type.
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An old Englishwoman tends to her dying son after he returns from his (military) conscription at sea.
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contain all 34 stories, in the order directed by Irving in his Author's Revised Edition, as follows:
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Crayon calls for a ceasefire of "the literary animosity daily growing between England and America".
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Irving, Washington (1978). Springer, Haskell (ed.). "The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent".
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A ghost story involving a betrothal, an armed robbery and a murder, as well as a happy ending.
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from New York, secured for him a political appointment as chief clerk to the Secretary of the
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later credited Irving as an influence on his own Christmas writings, including the classic
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Outside Irving's immediate circle of friends, the reviews were equally positive. As critic
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Crayon contrasts the quiet integrity of the nobleman with the offensive flashiness of the
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1477:"Perhaps it comes from the school diet – watery rice-pudding spiced with
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Antiques", were added by Irving in 1848 for inclusion in the Author's Revised Edition of
2019:
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contained thirty-two pieces, while its American counterpart contained only twenty-nine.
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William Irving Jr. to Washington Irving, New York, 14 October 1818, Williams, 1:170-71.
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A detective story of sorts, in which Crayon attempts to locate the real-life tavern of
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Crayon describes a day in London before, during, and after Sunday church services.
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Geoffrey Crayon, which he would continue to employ throughout his literary career.
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Legend of Sleepy Hollow U.S. postage stamp issued October 12, 1974, depicting the
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In 1848, as part of the Author's Revised Edition he was completing for publisher
803:
Crayon enjoys old English hospitality at the Bracebridge Christmas dinner table.
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and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow". Most of the remainder of the book consists of
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at once identify the travelled Geoffrey Crayon with the venerable Knickerbocker.
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342:
234:, is a collection of 34 essays and short stories written by the American author
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Searching for another publisher, Irving appealed to his friend and mentor,
1473:(1860): Maggie, talking about her 'gloomy fancy' to her cousin Lucy says:
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1317:, for assistance. Scott approached his own publisher, London powerhouse
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Irving to Richard Rush, Paris, 28 October 1820. Emphasis in original.
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Irving introduces his pseudonymous narrator, Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.
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Crayon rides with the Bracebridge children to their country manor,
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introduced three of Irving's most enduring and iconic characters,
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1852:
Letter quoted by Irving in the preface to the revised edition of
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Crayon celebrates the holiday at the home of Squire Bracebridge.
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Crayon reflects on the meaning of Christmas and its celebration.
1412:(who said of the book, "I know it by heart"). Years later, poet
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Prowling London for antiques, Crayon instead stumbles upon the
159:
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to Walter Scott.) Heartened by the enthusiastic response to
583:
and his writing a poem for his beloved, Lady Jane Beaufort.
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Crayon fondly describes English character and countrysides.
16:
Collection of short stories and essays by Washington Irving
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and making it clear to readers that it was Irving's work:
286:" – the pieces which made both Irving and
185:
1999:
The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving
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smiles, rather than skulk back to the pity of my friends.
1657:. University of Virginia Press. p. 85 (footnote).
849:
A tribute to the life and work of William Shakespeare.
1748:"'The Sketch Book': A History of Relevant Forms". See
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encouraged his own publisher, John Murray, to take up
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Irving's tribute to the English writer and historian
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postage stamp for use with the 1974 Halloween mail.
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In July 1820, Murray published the second volume of
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Irving began writing the tales that would appear in
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895:A tip of the hat to English character and custom.
1942:Irving to John Murray II, Paris, 31 October 1820.
1345:Given Irving's additions, the English version of
542:Crayon relates the story of a young Irish woman (
960:Crayon thanks his readers for their indulgence.
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51:The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. No.1
2416:Washington Irving Memorial Park and Arboretum
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923:A character sketch of the English naturalist
683:Crayon discusses English funeral traditions.
341:throughout 1816 and 1817 – a
8:
2464:Short story collections by Washington Irving
2273:The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus
1894:. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1938: 43.
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19:
1408:(who called it "positively beautiful") and
579:A romanticized description of the literary
250:". It also marks Irving's first use of the
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2149:
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1631:"Washington Irving's and German Folktales"
1520:One of the most significant influences of
25:
20:The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.
18:
2189:The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.
2105:The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.
2077:The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.
2066:The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.
2021:The Life and Letters of Washington Irving
1801:Irving to Brevoort, London, 13 May 1820,
1569:The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.
1293:An early admirer of Irving and his work,
225:The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.
761:, and is invited to stay for Christmas.
2041:Washington Irving: An American Original
2032:The Complete Works of Washington Irving
1622:
1575:
1585:"The Christmas Dinner" illustrated by
1404:Two of the book's early admirers were
2136:Internet Speculative Fiction Database
1459:The book is compared favourably with
1009:Contents of the American installments
634:"The Boar's Head Tavern, East Cheap"
7:
1870:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 30.
467:, whom Irving had met in Liverpool.
2440:U.S. ambassador to Spain, 1842–1846
2308:Letters of Jonathan Oldstyle, Gent.
2229:The Adventure of the German Student
1972:, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1654:Form and Fable in American Fiction
1361:, Irving added two new stories to
1115:The Boar's Head Tavern, East Cheap
426:"The Author's Account of Himself"
14:
2469:Works published under a pseudonym
1735:Initially published by Irving in
1454:American to write decent English.
2098:
1594:
1578:
1485:, which lay by her on the table.
1463:'s English educational texts in
1970:Christmas in America: a History
1866:Warner, Charles Dudley (2004).
1687:Irving, Washington. "Preface".
1352:
1022:The Author's Account of Himself
660:"The Mutability of Literature"
31:Title page of the first edition
2080:(Author's Revised Edition) as
2034:. Vol. 8. Boston: Twayne.
2026:(4 vols. Cited herein as PMI.)
984:The first American edition of
1:
1498:Influence on American culture
1452:that it is impossible for an
854:"Traits of Indian Character"
505:"English Writers on America"
2459:1819 short story collections
1892:Young Longfellow (1807–1843)
1770:Irving to Henry Van Wart, ,
1524:came from its cycle of five
1369:Public and critical response
1137:The Mutability of Literature
708:Fourth American Installment
694:Fourth American Installment
680:Fourth American Installment
666:Fourth American Installment
561:Second American Installment
539:Second American Installment
525:Second American Installment
511:Second American Installment
410:Original Date of Publication
2474:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
2197:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
2108:public domain audiobook at
1230:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
942:Sixth American Installment
934:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
906:Sixth American Installment
900:"The Pride of the Village"
892:Sixth American Installment
800:Fifth American Installment
786:Fifth American Installment
772:Fifth American Installment
754:Fifth American Installment
740:Fifth American Installment
640:Third American Installment
612:Third American Installment
594:Third American Installment
576:Third American Installment
496:First American Installment
478:First American Installment
460:First American Installment
446:First American Installment
432:First American Installment
419:
414:
409:
404:
284:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
244:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
2495:
2411:Washington Irving Memorial
2289:Mahomet and His Successors
1414:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
1065:English Writers on America
957:English Edition, Volume 2
949:
930:
920:English Edition, Volume 2
912:
898:
884:
874:English Edition, Volume 2
866:
860:English Edition, Volume 2
852:
846:English Edition, Volume 2
838:
832:English Edition, Volume 2
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806:
792:
778:
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732:
722:English Edition, Volume 2
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653:Boar's Head Inn, Eastcheap
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228:, commonly referred to as
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2039:Jones, Brian Jay (2008).
2024:. New York: G. P. Putnam.
2003:. New York: Basic Books.
1995:Burstein, Andrew (2007).
1968:Restad, Penne L. (1995),
1310:unsold in his warehouse.
980:Washington Irving in 1820
814:Author's Revised Edition
702:"The Spectre Bridegroom"
626:Author's Revised Edition
113:Published in English
24:
2243:The Devil and Tom Walker
1535:Vindication of Christmas
1353:Author's revised edition
1223:The Pride of the Village
725:A contemplative tour of
606:"The Widow and Her Son"
581:King James I of Scotland
555:"The Art of Bookmaking"
519:"Rural Life in England"
2421:Irving Literary Society
2123:"Children's Literature"
2018:Irving, Pierre (1862).
1567:Cultural depictions of
1560:Legend of Sleepy Hollow
1425:of Washington Irving".
371:through 1819 and 1820.
99:June 23, 1819–July 1820
2365:Diedrich Knickerbocker
2134:series listing at the
2115:Publishing history of
1719:"Textual Commentary",
1402:
1389:
1302:
1158:The Spectre Bridegroom
1086:The Art of Book Making
981:
868:"Philip of Pokanoket"
365:
326:
240:Diedrich Knickerbocker
2367:(character, pen name)
2324:A History of New York
2252:Tales of the Alhambra
1832:New-York Evening Post
1470:The Mill on the Floss
1376:New-York Evening Post
1292:
1239:(September 13, 1820)
1122:The Widow and Her Son
1095:(September 13, 1819)
1072:Rural Life in England
979:
877:A heroic portrait of
620:"A Sunday in London"
588:"The Country Church"
267:Leatherstocking Tales
262:James Fenimore Cooper
201:A History of New York
2221:Tales of a Traveller
2043:. New York: Arcade.
1890:Thompson, Lawrance.
1487:(Book 6, Chapter 2)
1131:(November 10, 1819)
840:"Stratford-on-Avon"
716:"Westminster Abbey"
2406:Knickerbocker Group
2383:Anthony Van Corlaer
1814:"The Sketch Book",
1691:(Revised ed.).
1556:U.S. Postal Service
1539:Pennsylvania German
1237:Seventh installment
794:"Christmas Dinner"
637:September 13, 1819
609:September 13, 1819
591:September 13, 1819
573:September 13, 1819
533:"The Broken Heart"
394:Modern editions of
47:Original title
21:
1587:Randolph Caldecott
1339:Analectic Magazine
1303:
1167:(January 1, 1820)
1129:Fourth installment
1108:The Country Church
1057:Second installment
982:
967:Publishing history
808:"London Antiques"
748:"The Stage-Coach"
705:November 10, 1819
691:November 10, 1819
688:"The Inn Kitchen"
677:November 10, 1819
663:November 10, 1819
2446:
2445:
2428:Washington Irving
2402:(home and museum)
2377:Headless Horseman
2172:Washington Irving
2082:Project Gutenberg
2050:978-1-55970-836-4
2010:978-0-465-00853-7
1868:Washington Irving
1677:Jones, Chapter 8.
1664:978-0-8139-1525-8
1603:Headless Horseman
1548:A Christmas Carol
1515:Headless Horseman
1259:Westminster Abbey
1252:Stratford-On-Avon
1210:(March 15, 1820)
1208:Sixth installment
1165:Fifth installment
1093:Third installment
1014:First installment
972:American editions
964:
963:
879:the Indian leader
826:"Little Britain"
727:Westminster Abbey
674:"Rural Funerals"
415:First Appeared In
236:Washington Irving
221:
220:
104:Publication place
41:Washington Irving
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2213:Bracebridge Hall
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2101:
2094:Internet Archive
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1393:Gulian Verplanck
1315:Sir Walter Scott
1295:Sir Walter Scott
1201:Christmas Dinner
1079:The Broken Heart
1059:(July 31, 1819)
1016:(June 23, 1819)
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783:January 1, 1820
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769:January 1, 1820
766:"Christmas Eve"
759:Bracebridge Hall
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1180:The Stage Coach
1151:The Inn Kitchen
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903:March 15, 1820
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570:"A Royal Poet"
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886:"John Bull"
734:"Christmas"
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2385:(character)
2379:(character)
2373:(character)
2181:collections
2179:Short story
2084:ebook #2048
1912:PMI, 1:422.
1903:Jones, 183.
1843:PMI, 1:419.
1792:Jones, 188.
1783:Jones, 187.
1710:Jones, 176.
1483:Sketch Book
1319:John Murray
645:Shakespeare
472:"The Wife"
352:Congressman
343:humiliation
191:PS2052 1983
179:818/.209 19
57:Illustrator
2453:Categories
2393:Miscellany
2358:Characters
2316:Salmagundi
2192:(1819–20)
1822:30:122-23.
1618:References
1531:Aston Hall
1513:, and the
1410:Lord Byron
1378:, lauding
1266:The Angler
1029:The Voyage
954:July 1820
951:"L'Envoy"
917:July 1820
871:July 1820
857:July 1820
843:July 1820
829:July 1820
719:July 1820
339:bankruptcy
329:Background
2400:Sunnyside
2350:(brother)
2344:(brother)
2319:(1807–08)
1924:, xxviii.
1805:, 23:581.
1774:, 23:565.
1752:, 347-356
1739:magazine.
1737:Analectic
1723:, 340-379
1635:tqnyc.org
1558:issued a
1526:Christmas
1467:'s novel
1216:John Bull
1173:Christmas
454:"Roscoe"
356:U.S. Navy
317:vignettes
293:folktales
252:pseudonym
153:(reprint)
130:Paperback
83:Publisher
2110:LibriVox
1651:(1961).
1043:The Wife
649:Falstaff
375:Contents
274:Overview
126:Hardback
67:Language
2281:Astoria
2265:history
2224:(1824)
2127:Encarta
1479:Pinnock
1395:wrote:
420:Summary
348:William
282:" and "
246:" and "
166:9412147
70:English
2335:Family
2327:(1809)
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2255:(1832)
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1036:Roscoe
1000:octavo
651:, the
324:press.
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75:Series
37:Author
1820:Works
1803:Works
1772:Works
1416:said
811:1848
623:1848
405:Title
137:Pages
89:(USA)
2045:ISBN
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1953:ISBN
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1605:and
1554:The
160:OCLC
146:ISBN
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