150:," he continues, "have gone through a series of processes, each of which brought the final product further away from the raw material of what happened." While the selection bias does not necessarily detract from the assumed authenticity of the book, it might still be biased to some extent in favour of the political agenda of the compiler, if (s)he had one.
123:
with the original materials, few of these original documents are available. Sinologist Lowell
Dittmer, for example, wrote that though "the question of authenticity is key, it is frustratingly difficult to resolve in this case." One of the most ardent critics of the book, professor Alfred L. Chan from
157:
laments that it focuses more on the power struggle within the party rather than the student movement itself. The editors have acknowledged this fact and identified it as arising from the compiler's wish to "spark a reevaluation of what transpired in 1989 and accelerate political liberalization in
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will be possible only through a comparison with the original documents (something that cannot happen unless the compiler reveals his sources or until the
Chinese government opens up its archives), the validity of the book will not be firmly established.
100:, as the main decision-maker of the party. Though it appears that he "did not play this role happily," the internal division in the Party required a decision-maker. In the end he sided with the conservative faction and decided to dismiss Zhao, appoint
62:, who claim to place full trust in the compiler. Speculations about the authenticity of the book have nevertheless been fervent, as the editors were never given the actual physical documents, but rather a reformatted version of the material.
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surrounding the time of the protests. The documents are arranged in chronological order from April to late June 1989. The book portrays a sense of factionalism and power struggle within the Party, in which the reformist faction is headed by
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To determine whether the documents presented in the book are authentic is problematic, if not impossible. While a process of authentication would require a comparison of the documents used in
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89:. Zhao appears to have had a conciliatory attitude to the students' demands, deeming the protests to be mostly patriotic. Li had more of a hardline approach, and attempted to convince
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This argument not only discredits the reliability of the book but also puts into question the supposed secrecy of the documents presented in it. One of the editors of the book,
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Although Nathan claims the documents are authentic, he acknowledges the potential issues selectivity brings. "The materials in
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that the protests were causing "turmoil" and that the students were "networking." The book portrays Deng, the most prominent
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46:. The documents used in both books are said to have been made available by a Chinese compiler under the pseudonym
30:. The extended Chinese version of this book was published in April that same year under the title 中國六四真相 (Pinyin:
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Fabricated
Secrets and Phantom Documents: the "Tiananmen Papers" and "China's Leadership Files," A Re-Rejoinder
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combines various government documents with editors' notes and footnotes to illustrate the situation within the
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178:. One of the editors, Andrew Nathan, has been banned from entering China due to his connection with the book.
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Authenticity and selection bias are two main sources of controversy about the book.
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Chan, Alfred and Andrew Nathan. "The
Tiananmen Papers Revisited," in
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Chan, Alfred and Andrew Nathan. "The
Tiananmen Papers Revisited," in
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Nathan, Andrew. "The
Tiananmen Papers: An Editor's Reflections," in
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Release of `Tiananmen Papers' Could
Stimulate Chinese Reform
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Books about the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
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as fake, and both the
Chinese and English versions of the
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A defense from one of the editors: Orville Schell, "
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651:Proclamation of the People's Republic of China
564:Secret Paper Shows China 'Rift' over Tiananmen
104:as General Secretary to replace Zhao, declare
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385:, volume 8, Issue 1, Winter 2002. 210. p.210.
18:Documents about the Tiananmen Square Massacre
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727:Dialogue between students and the government
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82:Zhao Ziyang and the conservative faction by
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44:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
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1550:Reactions to the protests and massacre
1109:Beijing Workers' Autonomous Federation
691:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
472:Interview with Professor Andrew Nathan
1296:The Critical Moment – Li Peng Diaries
176:book have been banned in the mainland
7:
671:Campaign against spiritual pollution
666:1986 Chinese student demonstrations
485:. Published by the Helvidius Group.
310:Dittmer, Lowell. Review Article in
138:Because a definitive validation of
436:, volume XXXI, No. 3, Autumn 2001.
413:China calls Tiananmen Papers Fakes
14:
1586:Works published under a pseudonym
449:. New York: PublicAffairs, 2001.
289:. New York: PublicAffairs, 2001.
268:. New York: PublicAffairs, 2001.
247:. New York: PublicAffairs, 2001.
222:. New York: PublicAffairs, 2001.
197:. New York: PublicAffairs, 2001.
108:, and clear the square by force.
732:Funding of student organizations
1289:Collection of June Fourth Poems
686:Household responsibility system
573:Interview with "Zhang Liang": "
153:In a short review of the book,
396:Analyzing the Tiananmen Papers
1:
1357:Sunrise Over Tiananmen Square
507:June Fourth: The True Story
36:June Fourth: The True Story
1612:
1317:The Gate of Heavenly Peace
554:On a related document by
1414:Democracy Party of China
534:Chinese Government Says
126:Huron University College
32:Zhōngguó Liùsì Zhēnxiàng
717:April 27 demonstrations
656:1976 Tiananmen Incident
75:Chinese Communist Party
696:Criticism of communism
543:March 7, 2008, at the
1560:Human rights in China
1424:Human Rights in China
1410:China Support Network
1343:Prisoner of the State
737:Mao portrait incident
521:June 4, 2011, at the
511:(publisher's website)
502:(publisher's website)
38:) by Mirror Books in
1526:Goddess of Democracy
1434:Operation Yellowbird
1371:The Tiananmen Papers
752:Military involvement
499:The Tiananmen Papers
447:The Tiananmen Papers
287:The Tiananmen Papers
266:The Tiananmen Papers
245:The Tiananmen Papers
220:The Tiananmen Papers
195:The Tiananmen Papers
172:The Tiananmen Papers
148:The Tiananmen Papers
140:The Tiananmen Papers
121:The Tiananmen Papers
71:The Tiananmen Papers
23:The Tiananmen Papers
1591:PublicAffairs books
1350:Quelling the People
1336:Moving the Mountain
1324:A Heart for Freedom
1282:A Tiananmen Journal
1275:Almost a Revolution
646:May Fourth Movement
597:, January 15, 2001.
428:Scobell, Andrew. A
366:The China Quarterly
338:The China Quarterly
325:The China Quarterly
312:The China Quarterly
1509:Nothing to My Name
1419:Hong Kong Alliance
821:Standing Committee
747:June 9 Deng speech
742:Sino-Soviet Summit
712:April 26 Editorial
551:, January 9, 2001.
529:, January 7, 2001.
477:2011-12-12 at the
411:Leicester, John. "
394:Schell, Orville. "
168:Chinese government
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1303:Escape from China
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228:978-1-58648-122-3
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162:Chinese reception
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207:xxxv – xxxvi
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35:
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1492:32nd (2021)
1487:31st (2020)
1482:30th (2019)
1477:25th (2014)
1472:24th (2013)
1467:21st (2010)
1462:20th (2009)
1457:10th (1999)
1163:Hong Xuezhi
1148:Chi Haotian
1143:Liu Huaqing
1058:Wang Youcai
1023:Liu Xianbin
998:Feng Congde
875:Jiang Zemin
870:Chen Xitong
829:Zhao Ziyang
796:Li Xiannian
560:Zhao Ziyang
112:Controversy
106:martial law
102:Jiang Zemin
98:Party elder
48:Zhang Liang
1596:2001 books
1575:Categories
1187:Army units
1178:Li Lianxiu
1173:Xu Qinxian
1083:Zhang Boli
1078:Yu Dongyue
1063:Wu'erkaixi
1028:Liu Xiaobo
1013:Hou Dejian
993:Fang Zheng
988:Fang Lizhi
983:Ding Zilin
949:Protesters
936:Wu Xueqian
931:Wen Jiabao
916:Yan Mingfu
906:Hu Yaobang
880:Zhu Rongji
705:Chronology
676:Corruption
639:Background
509:(中國「六四」真相)
182:References
155:Fang Lizhi
56:Perry Link
1532:Hong Kong
1391:TV series
1385:Chimerica
1310:Execution
1158:Qin Jiwei
1073:Yan Jiaqi
1068:Xiong Yan
1038:Shen Tong
1033:Qin Benli
968:Chai Ling
885:Hu Jintao
865:Li Ximing
849:Yao Yilin
806:Peng Zhen
801:Wang Zhen
762:Communist
400:Time Asia
40:Hong Kong
1515:Tank Man
1136:Generals
1128:Military
1053:Wang Dan
1003:Liu Gang
978:Dai Qing
973:Cui Jian
901:Bao Tong
839:Qiao Shi
786:Chen Yun
556:Bao Tong
541:Archived
538:Are Fake
519:Archived
475:Archived
417:ABC News
299:li – lii
276:. p.472.
255:. p.473.
158:China."
66:Contents
1543:Related
963:Bei Dao
921:Yuan Mu
911:Luo Gan
844:Hu Qili
834:Li Peng
811:Bo Yibo
355:, 2005.
87:Li Peng
84:Premier
1404:groups
1102:Groups
926:Wan Li
894:Others
773:Elders
453:
430:review
415:," in
398:," in
379:review
293:
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58:, and
1501:Icons
1267:Works
1018:Li Lu
764:Party
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457:. pp.
297:. pp.
232:xxxix
205:. pp.
1255:67th
1251:65th
1247:64th
1244:63rd
1241:54th
1237:40th
1232:39th
1227:38th
1222:28th
1217:27th
1212:26th
1208:24th
1204:20th
1199:15th
1194:12th
594:TIME
451:ISBN
432:for
291:ISBN
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249:ISBN
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224:ISBN
199:ISBN
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