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wrote, "To be abundantly clear, it is not a crime to give someone the finger," and, "Flipping the proverbial bird is a God-given, Charter-enshrined right that belongs to every red-blooded
Canadian. It may not be civil, it may not be polite, it may not be gentlemanly. Nevertheless, it does not trigger
485:
Use of this gesture in public, while vulgar, is not unlawful, as it is considered expressive communication protected by the First
Amendment. In some cases, offended police officers who have had the insulting gesture displayed to them have stopped, ticketed, or arrested people for doing so. However,
680:
referred to the gesture as the "rigid digit" salute. It was used in a more jocular manner, to suggest an airman had committed an error or infraction; the term was a reference to
British slang terms for inattentiveness (i.e. "pull your finger out (of your bum)"). The "order of the rigid digit"
486:
it is neither a crime, nor even probable cause to stop a person, and a police officer who does so violates "a clearly established constitutional right," and does not have qualified immunity if they do so, which means they can be sued for monetary damages for the unlawful stop and/or arrest.
1307:, this same gesture (with all fingers curled inward except the middle one) means the following: elder brother (hand moving up), younger brother (hand moving down), and siblings in general (one hand moving up, one moving down). This comes from a childish name of the middle finger,
716:
Giving the finger has resulted in negative consequences. A Malaysian man was bludgeoned to death after giving the finger to a motorist following a car chase. A Pakistani man was deported by the United Arab
Emirates for the gesture, which violates indecency codes.
103:. In the early 1800s, it gained increasing recognition as a sign of disrespect and was used by music artists (notably more common among actors, celebrities, athletes and politicians; most still view the gesture as obscene). In more contemporary periods, the bent
1288:) serves as the equivalent to the finger, meaning "you won't get it" or "in your dreams". The gesture is typically made with the hand and fingers curled and the thumb thrust between the middle and index fingers. This gesture is also used similarly in
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ruled in 1976 that gesturing with the middle finger was offensive, but not obscene, after a police officer charged a 16-year-old with making an obscene gesture when the student gave the officer the middle finger. The case was appealed to the
88:. Many cultures use similar gestures to display their disrespect, although others use it to express pointing without intentional disrespect. The gesture is usually used to express contempt but can also be used humorously or playfully.
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floated an outsize, purple statue of a hand on the River Vltava in Prague; its middle finger extended towards Prague Castle, the
Presidential seat. Černý had also mounted a middle finger on a pink former Soviet tank from the
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The middle finger gesture was used in ancient times as a symbol of sexual intercourse, in a manner meant to degrade, intimidate and threaten the individual receiving the gesture. It also represented the
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Doug Gibson, Southern
California area flight leader, is presented with two mementoes in recognition of his outstanding leadership-an engraved mug and a carved wooden replica of the famed 'Rigid Digit.'
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continued after the war as a series of awards presented by the veteran's association of the 91st, marked by wooden statuettes of a hand giving the single finger gesture. In 2005 during the
575:' use of the images in their propaganda. The North Koreans, ignorant of what the gesture meant, were at first told by the prisoners that it was a "Hawaiian good luck sign", similar to the
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In automobile driving culture, giving the finger to a fellow motorist communicates displeasure at another person's reckless driving habits and/or their disregard for common courtesy.
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incident, in which an
American ship was captured by North Korea, the captured American crewmembers often discreetly gave the finger in staged photo ops, undermining the
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extended upwards, though in some locales, the thumb is extended. Extending the finger is considered a symbol of contempt in several cultures, especially in the
2227:
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1025:, an annual music awards show in the UK, uses an extended middle finger design in the trophy handed out to the winners. Many musical artists, including
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gave the finger to the camera at an Austin production facility during his term as governor of Texas, saying it was "just a one-finger victory salute."
554:
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on April 12 with the text "Russian warship, fuck you!" and a drawing of a
Ukrainian soldier presenting the middle finger to the Russian cruiser.
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627:, earning the incident the nickname the "Salmon Arm salute". The gesture itself has also been nicknamed the "Trudeau salute". Former president
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1211:, "two-fingered salute" or "the fingers", when given with back of the hand towards the recipient, serves a similar purpose. According to a
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The media sometimes refers to the gesture as being mistaken for an indication of "we're number one", typically indicated with a raised
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525:(1927), a misunderstanding results in the ringbearer giving the finger to another member of the wedding party, to comedic effect.
80:, "shove it up your ass/arse", "up yours", or "go fuck yourself". It is performed by showing the back of a hand that has only the
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1607:"Davis' Infamous Finger Salute Has Had a Big Hand in History; Folklorists: Roots Go Back At Least 2,000 Years To Ancient Rome"
498:
In 2023, in a ruling issued
February 24 regarding a Canadian man who was accused of criminal harassment and uttering threats,
138:
with the large jar in which he lived; when strangers at the inn were expressing their wish to catch sight of the great orator
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1984:
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the finger to protest the War in Iraq. Serbian protesters gave the finger to the
Russian embassy regarding their support of
3712:
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2002:
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has used the finger in photographs and sculptures as a political statement. As a political message to the Czech President
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1255:, the gesture involving raising a fist and slapping the biceps on the same arm as the fist used, sometimes called the
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The finger became an integral part of our anti-propaganda campaign. Any time a camera appeared, so did the fingers.
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meant to indirectly convey the gesture in a medium where a direct description would be inappropriate. For example,
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forced her to resign from her job as a marketing executive. However, the notoriety may have been favorable in her
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installed a marble statue of a middle finger measuring 11 metres (36 ft), located directly in front of the
135:
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was caught flipping the bird at the camera. The finger was airbrushed out of subsequent releases of the album.
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published a photo of Burghardt making the gesture towards Iraqi insurgents he believed to be watching after an
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256:). Socrates called one who made the gesture "boorish and stupid." The gesture recurs as a form of mockery in
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282:" appears in a fragment of Aristophanes and has a similar meaning. The usage is once again explained in the
24:
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game describing the finger of a dejected Houston Oilers fan: "He thinks they're number one in the nation."
579:. When the guards finally figured things out, the crewmembers were subjected to extremely severe beatings.
370:, an old woman uses dust, spit and her middle finger to mark the forehead before casting a spell. The poet
5000:
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The hand gesture on the left is the normal "victory" symbol. The gesture on the right is the rude gesture.
794:
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1161:, sees the growing acceptance of the middle finger as a sign of the growth of a "culture of disrespect".
713:, which upheld the decision. In March 2006, a federal lawsuit was filed regarding the free speech issue.
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3156:"Why a pink tank made Prague see red by Patrick Wright (first published in the Guardian, 25 July 1991)"
2700:"A B.C. museum says it's preserved the railcar from which Pierre Trudeau gave the finger to protesters"
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Fifty-nine in '84: Old Hoss Radbourn, Barehanded Baseball, and the Greatest Season a Pitcher Ever Had
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in 1991. In 2011–2012, the pink tank with the finger was displayed again on a barge on the Vltava.
565:
248:" and the rhythmic measure composed of a long syllable and two short, like the joints of a finger (
1327:("baby finger", the pinky). The equivalent words for sisters are expressed with the pinky. In the
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76:. The gesture communicates moderate to extreme contempt, and is roughly equivalent in meaning to
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3319:"Cobra Starship's 'Middle Finger' Video Is Bird-Flipping Fun – Music, Celebrity, Artist News"
2573:
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1228:(in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge), "being made by a glove in the psalter's marginalia".
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is, and gives the finger. The gesture is a visual pun on the two meanings of the Greek word
164:
147:
142:, Diogenes is said to have stuck out his middle finger and exclaimed "This, for you, is the
4161:
Field Guide to Gestures: How to Identify and Interpret Virtually Every Gesture Known to Man
4038:"Giving someone 'the finger' in Japanese Sign Language doesn't mean what you think it does"
2621:
1542:
American Taboo: The Forbidden Words, Unspoken Rules, and Secret Morality of Popular culture
1014:
is also famous for flashing one or both middle fingers as part of his gimmick. Hockey star
635:
gave the finger to reporters after leaving his election headquarters the night he lost the
4853:
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4695:
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3419:
Silent Visions: Discovering Early Hollywood and New York Through the Films of Harold Lloyd
3280:
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2006:
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has a character in good health extend "the indecent one" toward three doctors. In another
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463:. The first documented appearance of the finger in the United States was in 1886, when
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3373:"The Story Behind Johnny Cash's Infamous Middle Finger Photo ::Johnny Cash News"
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2154:
2056:
1947:
1910:
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1038:
1007:
959:
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pictured giving the finger to cameraman, 1886. First known photograph of the gesture.
334:
and bearded man with middle finger extended in the "infamis digitus" to ward off the
323:
168:
85:
81:
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1331:, the middle finger (with the front of the hand facing forward) stands for the kana
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1998:
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1787:
Before Sexuality: The Construction of Erotic Experience in the Ancient Greek World
1336:
1183:
3128:
424:
with reference to its frequent use when accusing someone of a "shameful action."
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4322:
4165:
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991:
943:
870:
858:
682:
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353:, meaning the "shameless, indecent or offensive finger". In the 1st century AD,
298:
139:
108:
4008:
1653:
1392:
1378:
1239:
In countries where Spanish, Portuguese or French are spoken, and especially in
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The use of the middle finger has become pervasive in popular culture. The band
357:
had superstitious female relatives concoct a charm with the "infamous finger" (
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4848:
4828:
4807:
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3560:"Johnny Manziel fined $ 12K for obscene hand gesture on Monday Night Football"
2876:
2730:
1893:
Not the classical ideal: Athens and the construction of the other in Greek art
1457:
1350:
1346:
1087:
1057:, but had to apologize when fans interpreted the gesture as directed at them.
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873:
shows him giving the middle finger to a photographer during a 1969 concert at
576:
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389:
224:
32:
3709:"WTF! Ariana Grande & Jennifer Lawrence Middle Finger Drama! - Hollywire"
3245:"Укрпошта випустила мільйон поштових марок "Русскій воєнний корабль, іді …!""
1525:
111:
fingers on each side of the middle finger have been likened to represent the
4680:
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4637:
4402:
4357:
4347:
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4090:
3104:"MOMA – The Collection – Ai Weiwei. Study of Perspective – Tiananmen Square"
2388:
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1200:
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143:
3622:. Aol.sportingnews.com. Associated Press. November 16, 2009. Archived from
3274:
Stinkefinger für die Russen: Ukrainische Post bringt neue Briefmarke heraus
262:, alongside farting in someone's face. The usage is later explained in the
1006:, was fined US$ 250,000 for giving both middle fingers to the fans of the
4913:
4873:
4768:
4713:
4703:
4647:
4627:
4382:
4367:
4302:
4297:
4013:
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1244:
1236:, accidentally made the gesture while on a diplomatic trip to Australia.
1077:
994:
once resigned after giving the finger to fans on Fan Appreciation Night.
468:
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380:
335:
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312:
229:
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160:
3736:"M.I.A. Super Bowl Middle Finger Joins Long List Of Celebrity Flip-Offs"
1150:, a law professor, believes the finger is no longer an obscene gesture.
4728:
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3193:"Cyclist who flipped off Trump motorcade wins local office in Virginia"
2758:
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883:. However, the photo remained fairly obscure until 1998, when producer
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was one of many methods used to divert the ever-present threat of the
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border guard Roman Hrybov's last communication with the warship was "
499:
279:
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207:
112:
20:
3500:"Bird Watching: Through the years with the crudest finger in sports"
2599:"Giving the middle finger is a 'God-given' right, says Quebec judge"
1475:
or "the fingers", similar hand gesture with index and middle fingers
1175:, shows a jogger giving the finger in the direction of the mansion.
507:
criminal liability." The accused man, Neall Epstein, was acquitted.
3294:"Russian Warship Moskva Is Featured in New Ukrainian Postage Stamp"
3220:"Russian Warship Moskva Is Featured in New Ukrainian Postage Stamp"
1018:
made the gesture several times following goals in the early 1990s.
252:
which also appears as a visual pun on the penis and testicles in a
4964:
4923:
4508:
4493:
4458:
4362:
4292:
3478:"Montoya Fined $ 10,000 by Nascar for Finger Gesture Caught by TV"
3345:"Middle finger sculpture pops up in front of Milan Stock Exchange"
1411:
1297:
1240:
1221:, a "two-fingered salute" appeared in the Macclesfield Psalter of
1182:
1046:
820:
549:
538:'s character gives himself the finger into a distorting mirror at
426:
343:
317:
122:
3283:. In: rnd.de. 12 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022. (in German)
2787:"Peer Steinbrück und die "Stinkefinger"-Pose. Sie können ihn mal"
2752:
Dolan, Laura; Flores, Rosa; McCaughan, Tim (September 11, 2013).
764:
as it drove past her while bicycling, and a photograph that went
400:. The indecent finger features again in a mocking context in the
4372:
3616:"NFL fines Titans owner Bud Adams $ 250,000 for obscene gesture"
611:, directed the gesture to hecklers at a 1976 campaign stop near
378:, Martial wrote: "Laugh loud, Sextillus, at whoever calls you a
264:
77:
4251:
2754:"Weiner dodges sexting partner, flips the bird as he rides off"
557:
featuring a Ukrainian soldier in battle dress flipping off the
3197:
1134:. Sometimes, though, the "mistake" is actually an intentional
1073:
1053:
and Iggy Azalea have given the gesture towards members of the
615:, leading it to be called the "Rockefeller gesture". In 1982,
564:
The gesture has been involved in political events. During the
286:, where it is said to mean "to touch the anus with a finger."
214:
also referring to "a male who submits to anal penetration" or
4121:
Fuck: Word Taboo and Protecting Our First Amendment Liberties
2303:
809:". This was memorialized on a set of Ukrainian commemorative
700:
The middle finger has been involved in judicial hearings. An
3794:"M.I.A. flips middle finger during Super Bowl halftime show"
1718:
The New Testament World: Insights from Cultural Anthropology
478:, was photographed giving it to a member of their rival the
4247:
3647:"Could Bud Adams' middle finger endear NFL owners to fans?"
1086:
is a picture of his raised middle finger. On the cover of
893:
criticizing country radio for not giving airplay to Cash's
163:; from its close association, the gesture may have assumed
990:; he never played in the majors again. Baseball executive
655:
controversially gave the finger in a photo interview with
159:, with the fingers next to the middle finger representing
3400:"Milwaukee Journal Sentinel - Google News Archive Search"
2926:. United Press International. January 8, 1977. p. 5
2647:"Top aide put on spot over Trudeau's one-finger gesture"
1273:(Brazil), or Iberian slap, is equivalent to the finger.
4139:
Loheed, M. J.; Patterson, Matt; Schmidt, Eddie (1998).
3887:"Madonna's Super Bowl Halftime Show Edges Out the Game"
236:, Strepsiades declares that he knows quite well what a
978:
have been suspended or fined for making the gesture.
861:
that showed people giving the finger. Italian artist
459:, the gesture probably came to the United States via
3763:"Adele turns tables on TV execs with finger gesture"
406:, a collection of poems relating to the phallic god
4937:
4821:
4795:
4767:
4694:
4666:
4620:
4552:
4421:
4285:
3990:"The Prescott Courier - Google News Archive Search"
3086:"The Post and Courier – Google News Archive Search"
3058:"Ricky Martin defends obscene gesture made at Bush"
2195:
The Maculate Muse: Obscene Language in Attic Comedy
338:. A video of the figure on the right has been made.
4066:"This Is Not "Fuck You" in Japanese Sign Language"
3036:"Dubai: Deportation for finger gesture man – News"
2620:. USS Pueblo Veteran's Association. Archived from
414:, the term "shameless finger" is explained in the
4141:The Finger: A Comprehensive Guide to Flipping Off
2900:. Associated Press. December 28, 1976. p. 2A
3846:. Melbourne University Publishing. p. 192.
2673:"One-finger salute crude to Ont. Film Review Bd"
1500:Kipfer, Barbara Ann; Chapman, Robert L. (2008).
1276:More commonly in Turkish or Slavic regions, the
3129:"Czech floating finger sends president message"
2976:"Middle finger salute leads to federal lawsuit"
2920:"Leonard Backing Court Appeal On Middle Finger"
2892:"Raising middle finger not obscene, judges say"
1654:"When did the middle finger become offensive?"
4263:
3394:
3392:
3390:
1784:Halperin, David M.; Winkler, John J. (1992).
689:Michael Burghardt gained prominence when the
8:
3677:"Young Jaromir Jagr loved flipping the bird"
921:funhouse after getting paint on his suit in
720:People have given the finger as a method of
3321:. MTV.com. January 19, 2012. Archived from
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1323:("big-sister finger", the ring finger) and
1076:, and M.I.A. apologized. The CD itself for
917:shot the finger to his own reflection in a
783:On February 24, 2022, the first day of the
4270:
4256:
4248:
4158:Wagner, Melissa; Armstrong, Nancy (2003).
1679:
1677:
1564:
1562:
1159:National Institute on Media and the Family
907:made the gesture during a photo shoot for
455:to the 1890s. According to anthropologist
311:, Diogenes's target is instead one of the
3695:"The Story Of The Night: NME Awards 2016"
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1121:REVERSED HAND WITH MIDDLE FINGER EXTENDED
3442:
3440:
3438:
2947:"The Moving Finger Writes Legal History"
1942:
1940:
1687:Nature Embodied: Gesture in Ancient Rome
1495:
1493:
451:traces the gesture's development in the
31:
4009:"How the internet is changing language"
3814:Frere-Jones, Sasha (February 6, 2012).
3587:
3585:
1574:"Lives of Eminent Philosophers VI.2.34"
1489:
927:, his final silent feature, from 1928.
3653:. Aol.sportingnews.com. Archived from
2945:Mulligan, Hugh A. (January 30, 1978).
2785:Maroldt, Lorenz (September 13, 2013).
1311:("big-brother finger"), as opposed to
3964:Snider, Christian (January 6, 2014).
2847:91st Bombardment Group (H) Newsletter
2226:. The Stoa Consortium. Archived from
2097:. The Stoa Consortium. Archived from
1916:The Poetics of Eros in Ancient Greece
1171:, taken in 2011 during the tenure of
1125:Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs
1010:during a game. Professional wrestler
986:after giving the middle finger to an
210:toward another person, with the term
7:
3897:from the original on April 19, 2012.
2727:"Bush's One-Fingered Victory Salute"
2065:"A Greek–English Lexicon: σκιμαλίζω"
1755:"A Greek–English Lexicon: κατάπυγον"
887:made it the centerpiece of an ad in
760:gave the finger to the motorcade of
515:During a wedding sequence in one of
364:) and "purifying spit" while in the
202: – πυγή, "rump, buttocks"). In
4592:Three-finger salute (pro-democracy)
3908:Stevenson, Chris (April 21, 2011).
3885:Kenneally, Tim (February 6, 2012).
3761:Collett, Mike (February 22, 2012).
3421:. Santa Monica Press. p. 228.
3255:from the original on April 15, 2022
2974:Reed Ward, Paula (March 14, 2006).
2870:Mikkelson, Barbara & David P.
2698:Hopper, Tristin (August 22, 2016).
2284:(1 ed.). Glasgow: J. Maclehose
2163:"A Greek–English Lexicon: σιφνιάζω"
1605:Oricchio, Michael (June 20, 1996).
623:, gave the finger to protesters in
609:Vice President of the United States
585:1968 Democratic National Convention
297:directed the gesture at the orator
99:. Historically, it represented the
3816:"M.I.A. Shouldn't Have Apologized"
3604:from the original on June 6, 2013.
3512:from the original on June 29, 2022
3447:Waldman, Katy (October 13, 2003).
3191:LeBlanc, Paul (November 6, 2019).
1652:Nasaw, Daniel (February 6, 2012).
1167:'s picture of the area around the
649:Social Democratic Party of Germany
542:, about 25 minutes into the film.
14:
5006:Metaphors referring to body parts
4007:Kleinman, Zoe (August 16, 2010).
3792:Gardner, Tim (February 5, 2012).
3773:from the original on May 11, 2023
3734:Kaufman, Gil (February 6, 2012).
3645:Mike Florio (November 18, 2009).
3566:. August 22, 2014. Archived from
3154:Wright, Patrick (July 25, 1991).
2597:Serebrin, Jacob (March 8, 2023).
2254:"Discourses of Epictetus III.2.i"
1335:(which, incidentally, is also an
807:Russian warship, go fuck yourself
36:Person "giving the middle finger"
4196:: The Middle Finger and the Law"
4064:Ashcraft, Brian (May 11, 2015).
3476:Laverty, Gene (April 25, 2007).
3251:(in Ukrainian). April 12, 2022.
3012:. April 17, 2010. Archived from
1391:
1377:
1363:
1349:
1049:have publicly made the gesture.
384:and extend your middle finger."
3533:"Kohli fined for finger salute"
3038:. Scotsman.com. January 9, 2011
2879:: Urban Legends Reference Pages
2538:The Body Legal in Barbarian Law
2475:Williams, Craig Arthur (2010).
1862:"A Greek–English Lexicon: πυγή"
1824:"A Greek–English Lexicon: κατά"
647:, the leading candidate of the
186:, the gesture was known as the
4036:O'Neill, Kara (May 11, 2015).
3910:"Bruins edge Habs early in OT"
3697:. NME Awards. January 4, 2018.
3531:Wu, Andrew (January 5, 2012).
1985:Johns Hopkins University Press
1234:President of the United States
787:, the Russian missile cruiser
643:. During the campaign for the
206:, the finger was a gesture of
198: – κατά, "downwards" and
1:
4587:Three-finger salute (Serbian)
3592:Wulf, Steve (April 5, 1989).
2653:. August 25, 1982. p. 11
2572:. Smithsonian Books. p.
1222:
869:. A now-famous photograph of
837:to the pro-Kremlin president
751:Monument to Soviet Tank Crews
678:United States Army Air Forces
228:(423 BC), when the character
5011:Metaphors referring to birds
3916:. QMI Agency. Archived from
1169:Wisconsin Governor's Mansion
1061:gave the gesture during the
645:2013 German federal election
625:Salmon Arm, British Columbia
595:, gave the middle finger to
346:, the middle finger was the
167:potency. In the 1st-century
19:For fingers in general, see
3944:Fun Facts & Information
2543:University of Toronto Press
2365:University of Toronto Press
2304:"Bust of Silenus, Bar Hill"
2192:Henderson, Jeffrey (1975).
2131:University of Toronto Press
2095:"Suda On Line: Ἐσκιμάλισεν"
1981:The Latin Sexual Vocabulary
1723:Westminster John Knox Press
1319:("mom finger", the index),
1315:("dad finger", the thumb),
785:Russian invasion of Ukraine
695:improvised explosive device
436:Charles "Old Hoss" Radbourn
232:is quizzing his student on
5032:
3971:Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
3966:"The new Wisconsin salute"
3914:The Kingston Whig-Standard
2814:Freeman, Roger A. (1990).
2281:The Roman wall in Scotland
2278:MacDonald, George (1911).
2224:"Suda On Line: Σιφνιάζειν"
1921:Princeton University Press
1792:Princeton University Press
1721:(3 ed.). Louisville:
1692:Princeton University Press
1684:Corbeill, Anthony (2003).
1539:Rosewarne, Lauren (2013).
1337:archaic word for "brother"
1106:The finger is included in
799:2022 Snake Island campaign
546:Political and military use
91:The gesture dates back to
18:
4091:"指は家族！？『手の指』のこと、何と呼びますか？"
3738:. MTV.com. Archived from
3538:The Sydney Morning Herald
2729:. YouTube. Archived from
1715:Malina, Bruce J. (2001).
1506:. HarperCollins. p.
1329:Japanese manual syllabary
1213:Royal Shakespeare Company
1142:famously noted in a 1972
711:Connecticut Supreme Court
511:Early appearance in films
4190:Robbins, Ira P. (2008).
3074:– via Google News.
3004:"A fatal finger gesture"
1443:Non verbal communication
1371:Freedom of speech portal
1070:National Football League
1000:National Football League
875:San Quentin State Prison
853:released a song called "
843:2013 parliament election
841:before the precipitated
833:from the Czech sculptor
778:Loudoun County, Virginia
621:Prime Minister of Canada
583:used the gesture at the
396:" cocked at threatening
278:. The verb "to play the
95:and it was also used in
4970:Nonverbal communication
4754:Thumb/index-finger ring
4676:Chinese number gestures
4378:Liberian snap handshake
4116:Fairman, Christopher M.
3940:"Monday Night Football"
3840:Trumble, Angus (2010).
3449:"Baseball and the bird"
3417:Bengtson, John (2011).
2981:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
2952:The Evening Independent
2849:. April 1971. p. 3
2816:Mighty Eighth War Diary
2566:Achorn, Edward (2010).
2483:Oxford University Press
2451:"Epigrammata II.28.1–2"
2167:Oxford University Press
2069:Oxford University Press
1956:Oxford University Press
1913:; Lloyd, Janet (1999).
1866:Oxford University Press
1828:Oxford University Press
1759:Oxford University Press
1626:(subscription required)
1012:Stone Cold Steve Austin
591:, while serving as the
555:Ukrainian postage stamp
488:Cruise-Gulyas v. Minard
322:Roman stone busts from
308:Discourses of Epictetus
25:Finger (disambiguation)
4229:. SteNet Services B.V.
4223:"Finger Gesture Guide"
3843:The Finger: A Handbook
2840:"The Ragged Irregular"
1958:. pp. xvii, 181.
1423:List of sign languages
1305:Japanese Sign Language
1188:
846:
674:91st Bombardment Group
641:Mayor of New York City
593:Governor of California
561:
439:
339:
151:
37:
23:. For other uses, see
4950:Articulatory gestures
4582:Scout sign and salute
4124:. Sphinx Publishing.
3868:"Middle Finger Emoji"
3715:on September 26, 2015
3279:14 April 2022 at the
2766:on September 11, 2013
2535:Oliver, Lisi (2011).
2422:"Epigrammata VI.70.5"
2230:on September 24, 2015
2200:Yale University Press
2155:Liddell, Henry George
2101:on September 24, 2015
2057:Liddell, Henry George
1854:Liddell, Henry George
1816:Liddell, Henry George
1747:Liddell, Henry George
1612:San Jose Mercury News
1407:Articulatory gestures
1215:synopsis of the play
1186:
1144:Monday Night Football
1083:Devil Without a Cause
845:in the Czech Republic
824:
706:Hartford, Connecticut
637:2013 primary election
553:
490:918 F.3d 494 (2019).
430:
321:
171:world, extending the
126:
35:
4960:Manual communication
4621:Celebratory gestures
4227:Simply Body Language
3508:. February 5, 2007.
3353:. September 27, 2010
3108:Museum of Modern Art
3092:on January 24, 2013.
2034:(in Ancient Greek).
2003:"Clouds (ll. 650-6)"
1979:Adams, J.N. (1982).
1891:Cohen, Beth (2000).
1576:(in Ancient Greek).
1428:Manual communication
982:was released by the
930:Athletes, including
867:Milan Stock Exchange
774:board of supervisors
697:failed to kill him.
613:Binghamton, New York
601:Berkeley, California
268:and included in the
204:ancient Greek comedy
74:obscene hand gesture
70:flipping someone off
16:Obscene hand gesture
4422:Gestures of respect
4203:UC Davis Law Review
3978:on August 15, 2014.
3920:on February 4, 2013
3742:on February 8, 2012
3657:on February 2, 2013
3626:on February 3, 2013
3325:on February 9, 2012
3066:. February 16, 2007
2872:"Michael Burghardt"
2818:. Motorbooks Intl.
2478:Roman Homosexuality
2032:"Peace (ll. 546-9)"
1952:Aristophanes Clouds
658:Süddeutsche Zeitung
254:medieval Latin text
3598:Sports Illustrated
3570:on August 23, 2014
3505:Sports Illustrated
3135:. October 21, 2013
2679:. February 7, 2009
2651:The Ottawa Citizen
2624:on October 1, 2010
2618:"The Digit Affair"
2367:. pp. 225–6.
1399:Linguistics portal
1189:
1165:Google Street View
948:Juan Pablo Montoya
857:", and released a
847:
817:In popular culture
734:Slobodan Milošević
728:gave a picture of
691:Omaha World-Herald
605:Nelson Rockefeller
562:
504:Dennis Galiatsatos
461:Italian immigrants
440:
422:Isidore of Seville
392:, has the "middle
340:
301:in 4th-century BC
295:Diogenes of Sinope
152:
54:giving someone the
38:
4983:
4982:
4929:Sign of the cross
4889:Hand-in-waistcoat
4749:Sign of the horns
4597:Two-finger salute
4286:Friendly gestures
4194:Digitus Impudicus
3428:978-1-59580-057-2
3016:on April 18, 2010
2583:978-0-06-182586-6
2552:978-0-802-09706-4
2492:978-0-195-38874-9
2374:978-0-802-05954-3
2209:978-0-300-01786-1
2140:978-0-802-02831-0
2126:Adages III.iii.87
1930:978-0-691-04341-8
1801:978-0-691-03538-3
1701:978-0-691-07494-8
1659:BBC News Magazine
1570:Diogenes Laërtius
1517:978-0-06-117947-1
1468:Sign of the Horns
1463:Shocker (gesture)
1230:George H. W. Bush
1157:, founder of the
984:Chicago White Sox
863:Maurizio Cattelan
825:A message on the
722:political protest
519:'s silent films,
476:Boston Beaneaters
465:Old Hoss Radbourn
434:baseball pitcher
292:Cynic philosopher
288:Diogenes Laërtius
129:Cynic philosopher
66:flipping the bird
50:the middle finger
5023:
4945:List of gestures
4787:Talk to the hand
4696:Obscene gestures
4444:Canonical digits
4272:
4265:
4258:
4249:
4244:
4230:
4218:
4200:
4179:
4154:
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4100:
4098:
4093:. March 17, 2015
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3974:. Archived from
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3711:. Archived from
3705:
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3684:
3683:. March 6, 2007.
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3172:on July 27, 2011
3171:
3165:. Archived from
3160:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
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3125:
3119:
3118:
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3100:
3094:
3093:
3088:. Archived from
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2792:Der Tagesspiegel
2782:
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2762:. Archived from
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1497:
1418:List of gestures
1401:
1396:
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1387:
1382:
1381:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1354:
1353:
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1224:
1179:Similar gestures
1122:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1090:'s first album,
1004:Tennessee Titans
932:Stefan Effenberg
724:. At a concert,
687:Gunnery Sergeant
517:Alfred Hitchcock
449:Jesse Sheidlower
290:records how the
251:
218:to a female. In
5031:
5030:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5020:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4933:
4859:Distress signal
4854:Crossed fingers
4834:Allergic salute
4817:
4791:
4763:
4739:Reversed V sign
4690:
4668:Finger-counting
4662:
4616:
4548:
4417:
4281:
4276:
4243:. July 9, 2007.
4233:
4221:
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4111:
4109:Further reading
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3594:"All My Padres"
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3375:. antiMusic.com
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3281:Wayback Machine
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2545:. p. 150.
2534:
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2517:
2515:Perseus Project
2511:"Satire X.52-3"
2505:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2485:. p. 223.
2474:
2473:
2469:
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2455:Perseus Project
2445:
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2426:Perseus Project
2416:
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2397:Perseus Project
2393:"Satyricon 131"
2387:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2360:Adages II.iv.68
2353:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2334:Perseus Project
2330:"Satires II.33"
2324:
2323:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2306:. June 18, 2014
2302:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2258:Perseus Project
2248:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2202:. p. 213.
2191:
2190:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2171:Perseus Project
2153:
2152:
2148:
2141:
2133:. p. 311.
2119:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2073:Perseus Project
2055:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2038:
2036:Perseus Project
2026:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2009:
2007:Perseus Project
1997:
1996:
1992:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1923:. p. 136.
1909:
1908:
1904:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1870:Perseus Project
1852:
1851:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1832:Perseus Project
1814:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1794:. p. 186.
1783:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1763:Perseus Project
1745:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1725:. p. 124.
1714:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1651:
1650:
1631:
1625:
1618:
1616:
1604:
1603:
1592:
1582:
1580:
1578:Perseus Project
1568:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1518:
1499:
1498:
1491:
1487:
1448:Obscene gesture
1397:
1390:
1385:Language portal
1383:
1376:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1345:
1280:(also known as
1263:corte de mangas
1225:
1181:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1063:Super Bowl XLVI
998:, owner of the
964:Natasha Zvereva
819:
797:as part of the
744:, Czech artist
702:appellate court
653:Peer Steinbrück
548:
513:
496:
480:New York Giants
445:
249:
121:
42:Western culture
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5029:
5027:
5019:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4988:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4844:Awkward turtle
4841:
4836:
4831:
4825:
4823:
4822:Other gestures
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4773:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4709:Bras d'honneur
4706:
4700:
4698:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4672:
4670:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4562:Bellamy salute
4558:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4231:
4219:
4185:
4184:External links
4182:
4181:
4180:
4174:
4155:
4149:
4136:
4131:978-1572487116
4130:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4082:
4056:
4028:
3999:
3981:
3956:
3931:
3900:
3877:
3859:
3852:
3832:
3820:The New Yorker
3806:
3784:
3753:
3726:
3700:
3686:
3668:
3637:
3607:
3581:
3551:
3523:
3491:
3468:
3454:Slate Magazine
3434:
3427:
3409:
3386:
3364:
3336:
3310:
3285:
3266:
3236:
3211:
3183:
3146:
3120:
3095:
3077:
3049:
3027:
2995:
2966:
2955:. p. 19-A
2937:
2911:
2897:The Miami News
2883:
2863:
2831:
2825:978-0879384951
2824:
2806:
2777:
2744:
2733:on May 7, 2010
2718:
2690:
2664:
2638:
2616:Stu, Russell.
2608:
2589:
2582:
2558:
2551:
2527:
2498:
2491:
2467:
2438:
2409:
2380:
2373:
2346:
2317:
2295:
2270:
2241:
2215:
2208:
2184:
2146:
2139:
2112:
2086:
2048:
2019:
1990:
1971:
1964:
1936:
1929:
1911:Calame, Claude
1902:
1899:. p. 186.
1883:
1845:
1807:
1800:
1776:
1738:
1731:
1707:
1700:
1673:
1629:
1590:
1558:
1551:
1545:. p. 51.
1531:
1516:
1503:American Slang
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1388:
1374:
1360:
1357:Society portal
1344:
1341:
1321:o-nee-san-yubi
1309:o-nii-san-yubi
1271:dar uma banana
1258:bras d'honneur
1193:United Kingdom
1180:
1177:
1123:, part of the
1096:, band member
1051:Britney Spears
976:Johnny Manziel
952:Iván Rodríguez
895:Grammy-winning
880:At San Quentin
877:, released as
851:Cobra Starship
818:
815:
811:postage stamps
730:George W. Bush
633:Anthony Weiner
629:George W. Bush
617:Pierre Trudeau
599:protesters in
597:counterculture
547:
544:
512:
509:
495:
492:
457:Desmond Morris
444:
441:
412:Late Antiquity
134:, pictured by
120:
117:
93:ancient Greece
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5028:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
5001:Hand gestures
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4976:
4975:Sign language
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4919:Pollice verso
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4839:Aussie salute
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4719:Middle finger
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4687:
4686:Finger binary
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4653:Victory clasp
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4633:Crossed hands
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4612:Zogist salute
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4602:Vulcan salute
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4454:Fist-and-palm
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4338:Forehead kiss
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4273:
4268:
4266:
4261:
4259:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4197:
4195:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4156:
4152:
4146:
4143:. Acid Test.
4142:
4137:
4133:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4092:
4086:
4083:
4071:
4067:
4060:
4057:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4032:
4029:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4003:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3982:
3977:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3960:
3957:
3945:
3941:
3935:
3932:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3904:
3901:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3881:
3878:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3860:
3855:
3853:9780522857696
3849:
3845:
3844:
3836:
3833:
3821:
3817:
3810:
3807:
3795:
3788:
3785:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3757:
3754:
3741:
3737:
3730:
3727:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3682:
3678:
3672:
3669:
3656:
3652:
3651:Sporting News
3648:
3641:
3638:
3625:
3621:
3620:Sporting News
3617:
3611:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3540:
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3507:
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3479:
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3441:
3439:
3435:
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3405:
3401:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3352:
3351:
3350:National Post
3346:
3340:
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3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3278:
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3250:
3246:
3240:
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3199:
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3187:
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3168:
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3147:
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3121:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3096:
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3087:
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3078:
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3053:
3050:
3037:
3031:
3028:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2970:
2967:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2941:
2938:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2878:
2873:
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2864:
2860:
2848:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2827:
2821:
2817:
2810:
2807:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2781:
2778:
2770:September 11,
2765:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2748:
2745:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2707:
2706:
2705:National Post
2701:
2694:
2691:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2628:September 30,
2623:
2619:
2612:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2562:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2531:
2528:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2471:
2468:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2398:
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2390:
2384:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2366:
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2361:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2283:
2282:
2274:
2271:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2188:
2185:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1987:. p. 39.
1986:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1965:0-19-814395-8
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1884:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1780:
1777:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1734:
1732:9780664222956
1728:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1697:
1694:. p. 6.
1693:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1615:. p. 16A
1614:
1613:
1608:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1552:9780313399343
1548:
1544:
1543:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1361:
1358:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1325:aka-chan-yubi
1322:
1318:
1317:o-kā-san-yubi
1314:
1313:o-tō-san-yubi
1310:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1254:
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1237:
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1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:Don Stevenson
1095:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1066:Halftime Show
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1039:Ariana Grande
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:Buffalo Bills
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
980:José Paniagua
977:
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4464:Genuflection
4434:Añjali Mudrā
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4803:Head bobble
4734:Nazi salute
4607:Wolf salute
4572:Raised fist
4567:Nazi salute
4519:Prostration
4398:Pinky swear
4323:Eskimo kiss
4235:"Pluck Yew"
4166:Quirk Books
3891:reuters.com
3799:February 6,
3544:November 6,
3480:. Bloomberg
3457:. Slate.com
2795:(in German)
1948:Dover, K.J.
1666:February 7,
1265:(Spanish),
1226: 1330
1205:New Zealand
1155:David Walsh
1148:Ira Robbins
992:Chub Feeney
944:Virat Kohli
940:Luis Suárez
871:Johnny Cash
859:music video
839:Miloš Zeman
835:David Černý
746:David Černý
742:Miloš Zeman
683:war in Iraq
619:, then the
607:, then the
417:Etymologiae
299:Demosthenes
216:katapygaina
140:Demosthenes
4990:Categories
4904:Laban sign
4899:Jazz hands
4879:Finger gun
4829:Air quotes
4808:Head shake
4534:Schwurhand
4343:Hand heart
4318:Elbow bump
4308:Cheek kiss
4240:Snopes.com
4175:1931686203
4150:1888358122
4070:kotaku.com
3994:google.com
3872:Emojipedia
3681:LetsGoPens
3404:google.com
3063:Daily News
2877:Snopes.com
2683:October 9,
1485:References
1458:Shaka sign
1414:(Fig sign)
1261:(French),
1093:Moby Grape
1088:Moby Grape
1043:Katy Perry
1023:NME Awards
968:Josh Smith
936:Ron Artest
885:Rick Rubin
793:attacked
390:synecdoche
388:, through
225:The Clouds
222:'s comedy
165:apotropaic
78:"fuck you"
46:the finger
5016:Obscenity
4849:Che vuoi?
4681:Chisanbop
4643:High five
4638:Fist pump
4469:Hand-kiss
4403:Pound hug
4358:High five
4353:Hand wave
4348:Handshake
4333:Fist bump
4017:. Bbc.com
3303:April 15,
3259:April 15,
3249:Ukrposhta
3229:April 15,
3176:April 15,
3113:August 1,
2853:August 1,
2389:Petronius
1526:191931926
1290:Indonesia
1232:, former
1201:Australia
1136:euphemism
1118:🖕
1080:'s album
1055:paparazzi
1031:Lady Gaga
996:Bud Adams
972:Bryan Cox
900:Unchained
890:Billboard
803:Ukrainian
738:Ai Weiwei
736:. Artist
566:USS
540:Luna Park
447:Linguist
367:Satyricon
350:impudicus
305:. In the
212:katapugon
192:κατάπυγον
188:katapygon
161:testicles
148:Athenians
144:demagogue
4914:Pointing
4874:Facepalm
4714:Fig sign
4704:Anasyrma
4648:Low five
4628:Applause
4383:Lip kiss
4368:ILY sign
4303:Applause
4298:Air kiss
4279:Gestures
4118:(2009).
4021:July 11,
4014:BBC News
3895:Archived
3777:July 11,
3771:Archived
3661:July 11,
3630:July 11,
3602:Archived
3516:July 11,
3510:Archived
3484:July 11,
3277:Archived
3253:Archived
3133:BBC News
3009:The Star
2988:July 17,
2959:July 17,
2930:July 17,
2924:The Hour
2904:July 17,
2657:July 17,
2520:July 17,
2460:July 11,
2431:July 11,
2402:July 17,
2357:(1992).
2339:July 17,
2310:July 12,
2288:July 12,
2263:July 17,
2234:July 17,
2177:July 17,
2161:(1940).
2123:(1992).
2105:July 17,
2079:July 17,
2063:(1940).
2041:July 17,
2012:July 11,
1950:(1968).
1876:July 11,
1860:(1940).
1838:July 11,
1822:(1940).
1769:July 11,
1753:(1940).
1583:July 11,
1343:See also
1278:fig sign
1267:manguito
1245:Portugal
1078:Kid Rock
756:In 2017
534:(1928),
522:The Ring
474:for the
469:baseball
403:Priapeia
381:cinaedus
359:digitus
348:digitus
336:evil eye
328:Scotland
313:sophists
280:Siphnian
244:, both "
242:daktylos
230:Socrates
177:evil eye
132:Diogenes
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4996:Fingers
4938:Related
4744:Shocker
4729:Mountza
4724:Mooning
4554:Salutes
4544:Zolgokh
4524:Sampeah
4514:Pranāma
4499:Namaste
4484:Kuji-in
4474:Hat tip
4388:Namaste
3949:July 2,
3767:Reuters
3746:July 9,
3719:May 30,
3574:May 11,
3461:July 9,
3379:July 9,
3357:July 9,
3329:July 9,
3204:May 11,
3139:May 11,
3070:May 11,
3042:July 9,
3020:July 9,
2799:May 16,
2759:CNN.com
2677:Toronto
2507:Juvenal
2447:Martial
2418:Martial
2355:Erasmus
2326:Persius
2121:Erasmus
1619:July 9,
1438:Mountza
1433:Mooning
1218:Henry V
1197:Ireland
1191:In the
1127:block.
1113:U+1F595
1108:Unicode
1027:Madonna
910:Esquire
772:to the
676:of the
668:During
663:Magazin
472:pitcher
408:Priapus
398:Fortuna
386:Juvenal
376:epigram
372:Martial
361:infamis
355:Persius
332:Silenus
276:Erasmus
194:, from
157:phallus
146:of the
101:phallus
52:(as in
4965:Mudras
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4759:Wanker
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1473:V sign
1294:Turkey
1253:France
1249:Brazil
1209:V sign
1207:, the
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1068:. The
1059:M.I.A.
1045:, and
1035:Eminem
988:umpire
974:, and
924:Speedy
897:album
827:Vltava
801:. The
790:Moskva
672:, the
568:Pueblo
559:Moskva
531:Speedy
500:Quebec
494:Canada
303:Athens
271:Adagia
246:finger
238:dactyl
208:insult
173:finger
136:Gérôme
113:testes
62:finger
58:middle
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21:Finger
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4509:Orans
4504:Ojigi
4494:Mudra
4459:Gadaw
4408:Shaka
4363:Hongi
4293:Aegyo
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3170:(PDF)
3159:(PDF)
2843:(PDF)
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2071:(via
1897:Brill
1868:(via
1830:(via
1761:(via
1662:. BBC
1412:Dulya
1298:China
1286:shish
1241:Spain
1047:Adele
766:viral
577:shaka
410:. In
344:Latin
259:Peace
184:Greek
105:index
4489:Mano
4429:Adab
4373:Kiss
4211:SSRN
4170:ISBN
4145:ISBN
4126:ISBN
4099:2021
4077:2021
4051:2021
4023:2012
3951:2015
3926:2018
3848:ISBN
3827:2012
3801:2012
3779:2012
3748:2012
3721:2016
3663:2012
3632:2012
3576:2023
3546:2023
3518:2012
3486:2012
3463:2012
3423:ISBN
3381:2012
3359:2012
3331:2012
3305:2022
3261:2022
3231:2022
3206:2023
3178:2017
3141:2023
3115:2012
3072:2023
3044:2012
3022:2012
2990:2012
2961:2012
2932:2012
2906:2012
2855:2012
2820:ISBN
2801:2018
2772:2013
2739:2019
2713:2021
2685:2015
2659:2012
2630:2010
2603:CP24
2578:ISBN
2547:ISBN
2522:2012
2487:ISBN
2462:2012
2433:2012
2404:2012
2369:ISBN
2341:2012
2312:2018
2290:2018
2265:2012
2236:2012
2204:ISBN
2179:2012
2135:ISBN
2107:2012
2081:2012
2043:2012
2014:2012
1960:ISBN
1925:ISBN
1878:2012
1840:2012
1796:ISBN
1771:2012
1727:ISBN
1696:ISBN
1668:2012
1621:2012
1585:2012
1547:ISBN
1522:OCLC
1512:ISBN
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1203:and
1021:The
776:for
639:for
467:, a
394:nail
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265:Suda
200:pugē
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109:ring
107:and
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3298:WSJ
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