550:, is described in terms of what the psychiatrist understands are actual events in terms of neuron excitation but are delusions nonetheless, and the schizo-affective or a schizophrenic person also believes are actual events in terms of essential being. PET scans have shown that auditory stimulation is processed in certain areas of the brain, and imagined similar events are processed in adjacent areas, but hallucinations are processed in the same areas as actual stimulation. In such cases, external influences may be the source of consciousness and the person may or may not be responsible for "sharing" in the mind's process, or the events which occur, such as visions and auditory stimuli, may persist and be repeated often over hours, days, months or years—and the afflicted person may believe themselves to be in a state of rapture or possession.
799:
hydrogen, and so on), each atom in exactly the same relative position. Parfit poses the question of whether or not the teletransporter is actually a method of travel, or if it simply kills and makes an exact replica of the user. Then the teleporter is upgraded. The teletransporter on Earth is modified to not destroy the person who enters it, but instead it can simply make infinite replicas, all of whom would claim to remember entering the teletransporter on Earth in the first place. Using thought experiments such as these, Parfit argues that any criteria we attempt to use to determine sameness of person will be lacking, because there is no
622:. The independent self is supposed to be egoistic, unique, separated from the various contexts, critical in judgment, and prone to self-expression. The interdependent self is supposed to be altruistic, similar with the others, flexible according to contexts, conformist, and unlikely to express opinions that would disturb the harmony of his or her group of belonging. However, this theory has been criticized by other sociologists, including
736:, who is everyone at all times, in the past, present and future. It is a theoretical solution to the question of personal identity, being contrasted with "Empty individualism", the view that personal identities correspond to a fixed pattern that instantaneously disappears with the passage of time, and "Closed individualism", the common view that personal identities are particular to subjects and yet survive over time.
841:
behaviors that are consonant with the individual’s core values. Spiritual identity appears when the symbolic religious and spiritual value of a culture is found by individuals in the setting of their own life. There can be different types of spiritual Self because it is determined by one's life and experiences."
603:
consists of explicit and implicit patterns of historically derived and selected ideas and their embodiment in institutions, cognitive and social practices, and artifacts. Cultural systems may, on the one hand, be considered as products of action, and on the other, as conditioning elements of further
496:
upon the foundation of the psychoanalytic method developed by Freud, and is specifically focused on the subjectivity of experience, which, according to self psychology, is mediated by a psychological structure called the self. Examples of psychiatric conditions where such "sameness" may become broken
465:
reveals that they have a coherent sense of self based on preserved conceptual autobiographical knowledge. Hence, it is possible to correlate cognitive and affective experiences of self with neural processes. A goal of this ongoing research is to provide grounding insight into the elements of which
626:
for being based on popular stereotypes and myths about different cultures rather than on rigorous scientific research. A 2016 study of 10,203 participants from 55 cultural groups also failed to find a correlation between the postulating series of causal links between culture and self-construals,
840:
One description of spirituality is the Self's search for "ultimate meaning" through an independent comprehension of the sacred. Another definition of spiritual identity is: "A persistent sense of Self that addresses ultimate questions about the nature, purpose, and meaning of life, resulting in
798:
Derek Parfit and others consider a hypothetical "teletransporter", a machine that puts you to sleep, records your molecular composition, breaking you down into atoms, and relaying its recording to Mars at the speed of light. On Mars, another machine re-creates you (from local stores of carbon,
641:
The philosophy of self seeks to describe essential qualities that constitute a person's uniqueness or a person's essential being. There have been various approaches to defining these qualities. The self can be considered as the source of consciousness, the
681:
is concerned with how one is able to identify a single person over a time interval, dealing with such questions as, "What makes it true that a person at one time is the same thing as a person at another time?" or "What kinds of things are we persons?"
763:
is more accurately described as a strategy to attain non-attachment by recognizing everything as impermanent, while staying silent on the ultimate existence of an unchanging essence. In contrast, dominant schools of
Hinduism assert the existence of
821:. Two types of Self are commonly considered—the Self that is the ego, also called the learned, superficial Self of mind and body, egoic creation, and the Self which is sometimes called the "True Self", the "Observing Self", or the "Witness". In
2020:. Los Angeles, CA: The Philosophical Research Society, Inc. p. 115 "On rare occasions, we glimpse for an instant the tremendous implication of the Self, and we become aware that the personality is indeed merely a shadow of the real."
844:
Human beings have a Self—that is, they are able to look back on themselves as both subjects and objects in the universe. Ultimately, this brings questions about who we are and the nature of our own importance. Traditions such as in
1286:
Modinos G, Renken R, Ormel J, Aleman A. Self-reflection and the psychosis-prone brain: an fMRI study. Neuropsychology . May 2011;25(3):295-305. Available from: MEDLINE with Full Text, Ipswich, MA. Accessed
November 7,
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cannot explain many constructs of self for cases of disorder, such as schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. One's sense of self can also be changed upon becoming part of a stigmatized group. According to Cox,
1276:
Pfeifer, J. H., Lieberman, M. D., & Dapretto, M. (2007). "I know you are but what am I?!": Neural bases of self and social knowledge retrieval in children and adults. Journal of
Cognitive Neuroscience, 19(8),
543:, and Hollon (2012), if an individual has prejudice against a certain group, like the elderly and then later becomes part of this group. This prejudice can be turned inward causing depression.
1478:
356:, selfhood implies a first-person perspective and suggests potential uniqueness. Conversely, "person" is used as a third-person reference. Personal identity can be impaired in late-stage
759:) is the doctrine of "non-self" – that no unchanging, permanent self or essence can be found in any phenomenon. While often interpreted as a doctrine denying the existence of a self,
627:
finding instead that correlations between traits varied both across cultures did not correlate with Markus & Kitayama's identifications of "independent" or "interdependent" self.
723:. Tim S. Roberts refers to the question of why a particular organism out of all the organisms that happen to exist happens to be you as the "Even Harder Problem of Consciousness".
477:
distinguished, "The self is not only the center but also the whole circumference which embraces both conscious and unconscious; it is the center of this totality...". The
485:, it cannot be seen directly, but by ongoing individuating maturation and analytic observation, can be experienced objectively by its cohesive wholeness-making factor.
449:, is the subject that is known. Current views of the self in psychology positions the self as playing an integral part in human motivation, cognition, affect, and
1965:
1384:
Matsumoto, David (December 1999). "Culture and self: An empirical assessment of Markus and
Kitayama's theory of independent and interdependent self-construals".
1232:
Cox, William T. L.; Abramson, Lyn Y.; Devine, Patricia G.; Hollon, Steven D. (2012). "Stereotypes, Prejudice, and
Depression: The Integrated Perspective".
469:
What the
Freudian tradition has subjectively called, "sense of self" is for Jungian analytic psychology, where one's identity is lodged in the persona or
304:
1916:
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697:? (The reader is supposed to substitute their own case for Hellie's.) Hellie's argument is closely related to Caspar Hare's theories of
1941:
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1008:
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527:
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is "the archetype of wholeness and the regulating center of the psyche ... a transpersonal power that transcends the ego." As a
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Markus, Hazel R.; Kitayama, Shinobu (April 1991). "Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation".
1761:
614:'s theory of the interdependent self hypothesizes that representations of the self in human cultures fall on a continuum from
1306:
Kanagawa, Chie; Cross, Susan E.; Markus, Hazel Rose (2001). ""Who Am I?": The
Cultural Psychology of the Conceptual Self".
803:. What matters, to Parfit, is simply "Relation R", psychological connectedness, including memory, personality, and so on.
2077:
1082:
Conway, MA; Pleydell-Pearce, CW (April 2000). "The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system".
1218:
Berrios G.E. & Marková I.S. (2003) The self in psychiatry: a conceptual history. In
Kircher T & David A. (eds)
829:(Self), despite being experienced as an individual, is actually a representation of the unified transcendent reality,
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is a set of psychotherapeutic principles and techniques established by the
Austrian-born American psychoanalyst
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170:
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584:, and medial prefrontal cortex are thought to combine to provide humans with the ability to self-reflect. The
1479:"In Search of a Pan-European Culture: European Values, Beliefs, and Models of Selfhood in Global Perspective"
931:
273:
50:
2207:
1910–1999., Eknath, Easwaran, (2019). The
Bhagavad Gita. Nilgiri Press. ISBN 1-58638-130-X. OCLC 1043425057
705:, of which several other philosophers have written reviews. Similar questions are also asked repeatedly by
1091:
357:
253:
248:
243:
134:
2054:; Colwell, Ronald. "Identity and Spirituality: A Psychosocial Exploration of the Sense of Spiritual Self"
693:
one—the one corresponding to the human being referred to as Benj Hellie—is the one whose experiences are
730:
719:
698:
438:
400:
290:
31:
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representation of one's identity or the subject of experience. The earliest formulation of the self in
1200:
Jung, Emma & von Franz, Marie-Louise. (1998). The Grail Legend, Princeton University Press. p. 98.
951:
733:
702:
686:
646:
559:
364:. Finally, the self is distinguishable from "others". Including the distinction between sameness and
113:
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2150:
1931:
826:
793:
536:
238:
664:(1906-1995) on "otherness", the distinction between "you" and "me" has been further elaborated in
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1959:
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Religious views on the Self vary widely. The Self is a complex and core subject in many forms of
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We often put others (and ourselves) into categories. Labeling someone as a Muslim, a Turk, or
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39:
1979:
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Sharp, Daryl (1991). Jung Lexicon: A Primer of Terms & Concepts. Inner City Books. p. 119
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Wolf, E. S. (2002). Treating the self: Elements of clinical self-psychology. Guilford Press.
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is central to selfhood, the privacy of this experience is only one of many problems in the
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2157:
2113:
2030:
1477:
Vignoles, Vivian L.; Smith, Peter B.; Becker, Maja; Easterbrook, Matthew J. (2018-06-21).
926:
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834:
729:
is a view in the philosophy of self, according to which there exists only one numerically
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action. The way individuals construct themselves may be different due to their culture.
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1129:"Autobiographical memory and amnesia: using conceptual knowledge to ground the self"
977:"Personal Identity and Ethics", section "Contemporary Accounts of Personal Identity"
1421:"Beyond the 'East–West' Dichotomy: Global Variation in Cultural Models of Selfhood"
1263:
818:
788:
714:
665:
643:
393:
92:
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1998:"What is the Teletransportation Problem or the Duplicates Paradox? – Adarsh Badri"
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689:. The vertiginous question asks why, of all the subjects of experience out there,
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The 'Disorders of the Self' have also been extensively studied by psychiatrists.
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873:— "not-self", Buddhist concept stating there is no unchanging, permanent self,
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1986:, ed. Colin Blakemore and Susan Greenfield. Basil Blackwell, 1987, pp. 351–6.
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987:- be based on a relation (consciousness) that changes from moment to moment?"
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This article is about self in reference to individual. For other uses, see
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A question related to the problem of personal identity is Benj Hellie's
17:
2078:"The concept "Self" and "person" in Buddhism and in western psychology"
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1439:
1059:
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Original work published 1890)
833:. Our experience of reality doesn't match the nature of Brahman due to
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600:
462:
2191:
Self: ancient and modern insights about individuality, life, and death
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nature of a person which endures and unifies consciousness over time.
2182:
Core Images of the Self: A Symbolic Approach to Healing and Wholeness
2124:
On Becoming God: Late Medieval Mysticism and the Modern Western Self.
870:
858:
779:
One thought experiment in the philosophy of personal identity is the
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the complex multiple situated selves of human identity are composed.
338:
35:
2118:
Modernity and self-identity: self and society in the late modern age
1633:
1552:
27:
Individual person as the object of its own reflective consciousness
983:(Spring 2016 Edition), ed. Edward N. Zalta - " how can identity -
565:
330:
441:
forms the distinction between two elements I and me. The self as
1182:
Jung, Carl. (1951) CW 9ii, The Self. Princeton University Press.
997:
Cragun, Ryan; Cragun, Deborah (2006). "Social Identity Theory".
874:
787:
is a coherent concept. The thought experiment was formulated by
348:. Whereas "identity" is (literally) sameness and may involve
368:, the self versus other is a research topic in contemporary
2197:
The evolving self: problem and process in human development
1530:
Descartes and Merleau-Ponty on the Self and Self-knowledge
1553:"Personal Identity - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy"
344:
The first-person perspective distinguishes selfhood from
2172:
A Semiotic Reflection on Selfinterpretation and Identity
1792:
I Am You: The Metaphysical Foundations for Global Ethics
2143:
Contextualising the self in contemporary social science
656:
The self has a particular prominence in the thought of
743:
in Buddhist philosophy. In Buddhism, the term anattā (
2080:. NY: Columbia University Press. 2001. Archived from
1127:
Rathbone, CJ; Moulin, CJ; Conway, MA (October 2009).
505:, where the self appears different from the subject.
908:, or Atman, used within Jainism to identify the soul
530:
take large amounts of brain processing capacity but
1026:
are ways of saying other things about these people.
429:The psychology of self is the study of either the
341:, and the relationship between these attributes.
1533:. University of Chicago, Department of Philosophy
1222:. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 9–39
1068:Sedikides, C. & Spencer, S.J. (Eds.) (2007).
649:for an individual's thoughts and actions, or the
588:is also thought to be involved in the process of
2203:The Self: definitional and methodological issues
857:is an illusion that serves as the main cause of
739:Open individualism is related to the concept of
546:The philosophy of a disordered self, such as in
1582:Hellie, Benj (2013). "Against egalitarianism".
445:, is the subjective knower. While, the self as
42:. For the article about mental appearance, see
1712:Minds and Bodies: Philosophers and Their Ideas
576:and the medial posterior parietal cortex. The
2018:Self Unfoldment by Disciplines of Realization
1896:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMcClelland2010 (
1645:On Myself, and Other, Less Important Subjects
1613:On Myself, and Other, Less Important Subjects
783:. It deals with whether the concept of one's
298:
49:"Selves" redirects here. For other uses, see
8:
2067:5th edition. Thomson & Wadsworth. p. 260
1915:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMackenzie2012 (
1643:"Are You Special? A Review of Caspar Hare's
1003:(1 ed.). Blacksleet River. p. 71.
776:, "reify consciousness as an eternal self."
660:(1596-1650). In addition to the writings of
1820:sfn error: no target: CITEREFGombrich2009 (
1428:Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
2065:Ten Questions: A Sociological Perspective.
1964:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1891:
1858:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDeutsch1973 (
1308:Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
1296:Kroeber & Kluckholn, 1963, p. 357
891:Humeanism § Bundle theory of the self
305:
291:
55:
2162:The self: explorations in personal growth
2033:; et al. (1957), Welles, Sam (ed.),
1910:
1795:. Springer Science & Business Media.
1419:Vignoles, Vivian L.; et al. (2016).
1095:
2201:Thomas M. Brinthaupt, Richard P. Lipka,
1877:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDalal2010 (
1839:sfn error: no target: CITEREFWynne2009 (
1815:
1764:The Even Harder Problem of Consciousness
1220:The Self in Neurosciences and Psychiatry
473:and is subject to change in maturation.
1980:Divided Minds and the Nature of Persons
1853:
981:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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261:
220:
199:
178:
157:
126:
105:
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67:
2050:Kiesling, Chris; Montgomery, Marylin;
1957:
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1834:
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1782:
1563:from the original on 3 September 2017
1235:Perspectives on Psychological Science
1057:The Principles of Psychology, Vol. 1.
1039:"Otherness: Essays & Studies 4.1"
7:
1486:Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
2153:: the making of the modern identity
1760:Roberts, Tim S. (September 2007).
1386:Asian Journal of Social Psychology
25:
568:that are important in retrieving
34:. For subjective experience, see
457:, has been seen as a product of
2135:What is Self? A Research Paper
1609:McDaniel, Kris (January 2012).
453:. Self, following the ideas of
1689:. Princeton University Press.
677:In philosophy, the problem of
229:Personal identity (philosophy)
1:
975:Shoemaker, D. (Dec 15, 2015)
38:. For personal identity, see
1996:Badri, Adarsh (2024-01-23).
1789:Kolak, Daniel (2007-11-03).
1072:. New York: Psychology Press
501:, which sometimes occurs in
461:but research on people with
2035:The World's Great Religions
1714:. Oxford University Press.
1527:Lesley Cohen Spear (1979).
1106:10.1037/0033-295X.107.2.261
877:or essence in living beings
813:Religious views on the self
668:'s 1923 philosophical work
378:psychological phenomenology
83:Self-knowledge (psychology)
2243:
2037:(1st ed.), New York:
1686:Dream, Death, and the Self
1355:10.1037/0033-295x.98.2.224
810:
781:teletransportation paradox
634:
578:posterior cingulate cortex
557:
512:
479:Self in Jungian psychology
422:
362:neurodegenerative diseases
119:Self-categorization theory
48:
29:
1615:by Hare, Caspar - Review"
1145:10.1080/13554790902849164
1000:Introduction to Sociology
756:
748:
713:view of the self, and by
582:anterior cingulate cortex
234:Identity (social science)
1654:The Philosophical Review
1498:10.1177/0022022117738751
1320:10.1177/0146167201271008
1248:10.1177/1745691612455204
574:medial prefrontal cortex
526:For example, facial and
179:As applied to activities
171:True self and false self
2227:Concepts in metaphysics
2016:Hall, Manly P. (1942).
1837:, p. 59–63, 76–77.
1683:Valberg, J. J. (2007).
1398:10.1111/1467-839x.00042
932:Person (disambiguation)
274:Respectability politics
51:Selves (disambiguation)
2140:Charalambos Tsekeris,
1930:Parfit, Derek (1984).
1710:McGinn, Colin (1997).
1173:Jung, Carl. CW 12, ¶44
254:Social identity threat
249:In-group and out-group
244:Social identity theory
135:Self-perception theory
1735:Thomas, Alan (2015).
1596:10.1093/analys/ans101
774:witness-consciousness
720:The View from Nowhere
699:egocentric presentism
401:subjective experience
32:Self (disambiguation)
2126:New York: Fordham UP
2109:Concepts of the Self
1343:Psychological Review
952:Vertiginous question
703:perspectival realism
687:vertiginous question
560:Neural basis of self
114:Neural basis of self
2151:Sources of the Self
2122:Ben Morgan (2013).
1933:Reasons and persons
1766:by Roberts. Tim S."
1055:James, W. (1891).
794:Reasons and Persons
528:pattern recognition
358:Alzheimer's disease
239:Collective identity
2169:, Mariela Michel,
2130:Bernadette Roberts
1440:10.1037/xge0000175
922:Open individualism
727:Open individualism
709:in justifying his
637:Philosophy of self
425:Psychology of self
405:philosophy of self
279:Political identity
150:Self-consciousness
2107:Anthony Elliott,
2052:Sorell, Gwendolyn
2039:Time Incorporated
1802:978-1-4020-3014-7
1746:978-1-317-49418-8
1721:978-0-19-511355-6
957:Will (philosophy)
947:Social projection
861:and unhappiness.
791:in his 1984 book
679:personal identity
608:Hazel Rose Markus
564:Two areas of the
519:Depersonalization
499:depersonalization
483:Jungian archetype
439:modern psychology
372:and contemporary
346:personal identity
315:
314:
270:Identity politics
40:Personal identity
16:(Redirected from
2234:
2178:Jean Dalby Clift
2167:Fernando Andacht
2148:Charles Taylor,
2094:
2093:
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2089:
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2063:Charon, Joel M.
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2041:
2031:Barnett, Lincoln
2027:
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2014:
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2007:
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1987:
1978:Parfit, Derek. "
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1641:Markosian, Ned.
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937:Self remembering
917:Moral psychology
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750:
662:Emmanuel Levinas
612:Shinobu Kitayama
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300:
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213:Self-concealment
56:
21:
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2187:Richard Sorabji
2158:Clark Moustakas
2114:Anthony Giddens
2103:
2101:Further reading
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1924:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1892:McClelland 2010
1890:
1886:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1769:NeuroQuantology
1759:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1649:
1640:
1617:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1557:www.iep.utm.edu
1551:
1550:
1546:
1536:
1534:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1481:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1434:(8): 966–1000.
1423:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1271:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1097:10.1.1.621.9717
1081:
1080:
1076:
1067:
1063:
1054:
1050:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1015:
1013:
1011:
996:
995:
991:
974:
970:
965:
927:Outline of self
867:
815:
809:
639:
633:
624:David Matsumoto
598:
562:
556:
521:
511:
490:self psychology
459:episodic memory
451:social identity
427:
421:
311:
208:Self-disclosure
187:Self-assessment
145:Self-reflection
54:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2240:
2238:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2199:
2195:Robert Kegan,
2193:
2184:
2175:
2164:
2155:
2146:
2138:
2127:
2120:
2111:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2069:
2056:
2043:
2022:
2009:
1988:
1971:
1942:
1922:
1911:Mackenzie 2012
1903:
1884:
1865:
1846:
1827:
1808:
1801:
1778:
1752:
1745:
1727:
1720:
1702:
1695:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1634:10.1086/663578
1628:(2): 403–410.
1601:
1590:(2): 304–320.
1574:
1544:
1519:
1492:(6): 868–887.
1469:
1411:
1392:(3): 289–310.
1376:
1349:(2): 224–253.
1333:
1298:
1289:
1279:
1269:
1224:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1119:
1074:
1061:
1048:
1030:
1009:
989:
967:
966:
964:
961:
960:
959:
954:
949:
944:
942:Self-awareness
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
906:Jīva (Jainism)
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
866:
863:
811:Main article:
808:
805:
770:pure awareness
751:) or anātman (
658:René Descartes
635:Main article:
632:
629:
620:interdependent
597:
594:
590:self-reference
586:insular cortex
570:self-knowledge
558:Main article:
555:
552:
510:
507:
423:Main article:
420:
417:
350:categorization
313:
312:
310:
309:
302:
295:
287:
284:
283:
282:
281:
276:
264:
263:
259:
258:
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251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
223:
222:
218:
217:
216:
215:
210:
202:
201:
197:
196:
195:
194:
189:
181:
180:
176:
175:
174:
173:
168:
160:
159:
158:Value judgment
155:
154:
153:
152:
147:
142:
140:Self-awareness
137:
129:
128:
124:
123:
122:
121:
116:
108:
107:
103:
102:
101:
100:
95:
90:
85:
77:
76:
72:
71:
65:
64:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2239:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2084:on 2017-09-04
2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
1999:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1943:0-19-824615-3
1939:
1935:
1934:
1926:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1875:, p. 38.
1874:
1869:
1866:
1861:
1856:, p. 48.
1855:
1850:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1816:Gombrich 2009
1812:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1775:(2): 214–221.
1774:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1742:
1739:. Routledge.
1738:
1731:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1703:
1698:
1696:9780691128597
1692:
1688:
1687:
1679:
1676:
1663:on 2015-02-26
1659:
1655:
1648:
1646:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1614:
1605:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1575:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1532:
1531:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1314:(1): 90–103.
1313:
1309:
1302:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1283:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1242:(5): 427–49.
1241:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1162:
1158:
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1150:
1146:
1142:
1139:(5): 405–18.
1138:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1090:(2): 261–88.
1089:
1085:
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1040:
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1024:soccer player
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1010:9781449977474
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925:
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920:
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915:
913:
910:
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904:
902:
901:Individuation
899:
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892:
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884:
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728:
724:
722:
721:
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708:
707:J. J. Valberg
704:
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672:
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663:
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625:
621:
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602:
595:
593:
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571:
567:
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551:
549:
548:schizophrenia
544:
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538:
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524:
520:
516:
515:Self-disorder
508:
506:
504:
503:schizophrenia
500:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
467:
464:
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452:
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426:
418:
416:
414:
413:consciousness
410:
406:
402:
397:
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391:
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379:
375:
374:phenomenology
371:
367:
363:
360:and in other
359:
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226:
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214:
211:
209:
206:
205:
204:
203:
200:Interpersonal
198:
193:
192:Self-efficacy
190:
188:
185:
184:
183:
182:
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172:
169:
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164:
163:
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2082:the original
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2001:. Retrieved
1991:
1983:
1974:
1932:
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1887:
1868:
1854:Deutsch 1973
1849:
1830:
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1755:
1737:Thomas Nagel
1736:
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1658:the original
1653:
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1556:
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1535:. Retrieved
1529:
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816:
801:further fact
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789:Derek Parfit
778:
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749:𑀅𑀦𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸
738:
725:
718:
715:Thomas Nagel
694:
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676:
670:
666:Martin Buber
655:
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554:Neuroscience
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394:neuroscience
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316:
93:Self-concept
68:
2088:12 February
1936:. Oxford .
1448:11693/36711
1084:Psychol Rev
1016:22 February
896:I (pronoun)
785:future self
651:substantial
647:responsible
616:independent
494:Heinz Kohut
488:Meanwhile,
166:Self-esteem
98:Self-schema
2216:Categories
2003:2024-02-19
1873:Dalal 2010
1835:Wynne 2009
1667:2015-03-13
1537:1 November
1277:1323-1337.
963:References
912:Meditation
851:attachment
671:Ich und Du
631:Philosophy
532:pareidolia
513:See also:
509:Psychiatry
455:John Locke
419:Psychology
409:scientific
386:psychiatry
382:psychology
376:(see also
370:philosophy
327:individual
319:philosophy
88:Self-image
75:Constructs
44:Self-image
1984:Mindwaves
1960:cite book
1514:149371650
1506:0022-0221
1406:1367-2223
1363:1939-1471
1328:145634514
1161:205774482
1133:Neurocase
1092:CiteSeerX
886:Ego death
881:Attention
859:suffering
731:identical
711:horizonal
596:Sociology
475:Carl Jung
435:affective
431:cognitive
411:study of
399:Although
390:neurology
366:otherness
335:knowledge
127:Processes
1584:Analysis
1561:Archived
1456:27359126
1371:13606371
1256:26168502
1153:19382038
1114:10789197
1070:The Self
985:sameness
865:See also
849:see the
847:Buddhism
823:Hinduism
807:Religion
757:अनात्मन्
753:Sanskrit
572:are the
537:Abramson
497:include
354:labeling
262:Politics
106:Theories
69:The Self
61:a series
59:Part of
18:The self
1952:9827659
1567:30 July
1264:1512121
831:Brahman
761:anatman
734:subject
601:Culture
463:amnesia
329:'s own
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580:, the
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392:, and
339:values
337:, and
325:is an
321:, the
221:Social
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1367:S2CID
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1260:S2CID
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827:Ātman
766:Ātman
644:agent
566:brain
331:being
2222:Self
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1966:link
1948:OCLC
1938:ISBN
1917:help
1898:help
1879:help
1860:help
1841:help
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1018:2020
1005:ISBN
875:soul
855:Self
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745:Pali
701:and
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691:this
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517:and
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