1161:(nonstatistical) categories which relate simultaneous parallel traits or predict future from present or past respectively. Then these laws are organized into theories based on connections logically deduced together and open to new laws yet to be discovered or empirically verified. The ultimate and logically possible goal of theoretical psychology is to create an exact and comprehensive psychological theory. However, the concepts that are immediately observable are still abstract and difficult to define even in a basic law in an important solid theory as they relate to no physical object we can make sense of or interact with using our sensorium and empirical approaches. They are not instantiated in the world and in virtue of this they are called
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empirically supported by research. Theorists must be strategic and knowledgeable when shifting through experimental psychology as the field grows. This can be beneficial in the sense that individuals know theorists have made a deliberated effort when analyzing the research surrounding a theory. However, for those who are not familiar with the theoretical psychology surrounding a theory, the abundant amount of information contributing to a theory can be overwhelming. In addition, theories can be extremely resistant to change. As theories compete, and different evidence emerges, prior theories can be extremely difficult to change. This can make it difficult for new theories to gain traction within the field of psychology. This
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yet capable of studying empirically. For theoretical psychology, its strength lies in the realm of rationality, focused on big picture ideas. However, on its own it is not a complete way to gain particular knowledge of reality. This is where the empirical based branches of psychology has strength. Theoretical psychology can more heavily rely on an idea about human nature that is universal, even when it is not known why or how this particular trend happens in the world, either individualistically or collectively.
1063:(32). According to the American Psychological Association, "Division 24: Society for Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology encourages and facilitates informed exploration and discussion of psychological theories and issues in both their scientific and philosophical dimensions and interrelationships." The International Society for Theoretical Psychology, the Section of History and Philosophy of Psychology (25) of the Canadian Psychological Society, the Section of History and Philosophy of psychology of the
1182:: there are many competing theories revolving around consciousness, and theoretical psychology struggles to fully explain or justify consciousness. Researchers have an extremely difficult time studying it, despite there being an entire field of psychology completely dedicated to consciousness. Theoretical psychology can be extremely beneficial because it brings together scientific ideas and philosophical ideas of psychology. Integrating these ideas contributes to the knowledge of psychology.
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encompassed ideologies. Oftentimes this includes, but is not limited to, non-experimental critiques to different schools of thought, and the usefulness of psychological concepts. Theoretical psychology is a discipline that bases its information through inference, as opposed to empirically acquired information. Hypotheses are then exchanged and further built upon from different perspectives. Theoretical
Psychology also deals with manipulating non-scientific, common words (
768:. As a result, there is much more depth and breadth of knowledge from which to draw, making it less common for new developments to come about in the present day because many "new" approaches are drawing from and revitalizing past theories. In doing so, new knowledge, frames of reference, and mindsets are brought to these foundational theories. This may be due to ideas taking longer to develop and gain momentum than related fields in empirical based psychology.
1141:, examining what others have said about the topic being explored with the hopes of finding a particular knowledge about the topic. Theoretical psychology serves as the bridge between the philosophical roots of psychology and the present day empirical psychology. This bridge has an emphasis and focus on forming concepts from moments of explicit behavior that are observable, excluding introspective mental events within
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761:. Theoretical psychology is not in place to discern which theories are more truthful or more correct. Many consider theoretical psychology as the support or rationalization of an "idea" within psychological theory that is more "truthful". However, this is not the case. Theoretical psychology is scientifically grounded in ideas of what is known through epistemology.
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research. Theoretical psychology is not fundamental or comprehensive theory of psychology, rather, for theoretical psychology to operate correctly it is important to supplement empirical psychology and give reason to topics and produce theories until they can be empirically verified by the other branches of psychology.
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The scope that theoretical psychology covers is vast. Professionals have the opportunity to use this method of seeking out theoretical knowledge to begin research in a variety of subjects. This allows for a great deal of knowledge to be explored by means of inference rather than seeking out tangible
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Theoretical psychology works together with empirical psychology to form a symbiotic relationship. Theoretical psychology is not constrained by empirical research or laboratory studies. It allows for scientists to freely search for knowledge that we have yet to be able to study empirically or are not
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Of the philosophical perspectives, rationalism is the most pertinent to this discipline of psychology. Theoretical psychology is not experimental or clinically based and focuses on non-experimental ways to acquire knowledge about psychological topics. It explores the theoretical knowledge behind its
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Theoretical psychology has many aspects that can be viewed as positive or negative, which depends on the interpreter. Theoretical psychology can play an important and also unique role in the field such that almost any claim can be reasonably thought of as true if it is theoretically appealing and
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is what allows for humans to make insights on these big picture ideas at a more palatable, applicable and individualistic and way that gives practical information about reality. Theoretical psychology is not a universal psychological theory able to explain all topics without the use of empirical
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and all of its components. This means when theories within psychology oppose or compete, theoretical psychology does not select which is correct. It describes the nature and composition of psychology's many ideas. To explain the logic of psychology, there has been a conclusion of the principles
725:. Philosophy strives to understand nature and structure of concepts, the laws in which these concepts occur, and the theories that combine the laws together. One of these specific branches of philosophy of science is theoretical psychology. Philosophy of science does not use the
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of psychology. He did not rely on empirical data when making his theories, but instead looked for philosophical explanations. Freud often shared his view that he did not need empirical evidence for his theory, because he simply knew it is true. Another pioneer was
1031:'s (1991) work on social psychology as history was used towards generative theories, realities and relationships, the saturated self, positive aging, and relational being. He included many theoretical ideas such as culture and science, assumptions, views on
1047:. Although he used empirical data to test this idea, he originally took the concept from theoretical work. These individual's and many others continue to impact psychology with theoretical ideas that may or may not be yet supported by empirical data.
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in psychology through the article "Psychology as a
Behaviorist Views It". Although Behaviorism has a strong emphasis on empirical psychology, forming the methods cannot be empirically tested, and is therefore considered theoretical psychology.
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could be considered theoretical psychology due to Kagen dedicating much of his work to psychology constructs, specifically to the developmental psychology. As a science gains new empirical procedures it also generates new information.
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of psychology, all have been fundamental to some of the first theoretical ideas as it pertains to modern theoretical psychology. Today, there are many journals that include theoretical articles. These journals include the following:
908:, he believed that this was a key factor to the field of psychology. This aspect of psychology was unable to be shown with a large amount of empirical evidence, but remained a theory throughout the history of Psychology. Next,
1145:. Psychological laws are created from these observable behaviors that are derived from one concept that also contain concepts from the individual's environment of internal physiological states. These laws are categorized into
828:. Theoretical psychology is an important aspect that continues to play a role in modern psychology. While there are some downfalls to theoretical psychology, there are also strengths and benefits it brings to the field.
655:. Theoretical psychology is an interdisciplinary field involving psychologists specializing in a wide variety of psychological branches. There have been a few prominent pioneers of theoretical psychology such as
796:(knowledge beyond mere appearance that is not able to be studied) characterize the three perspectives in understanding theoretical concepts relating to laws which help to understand larger theoretical theories.
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have innate wonder, exploring many topics through experience and perception. From this wonder, individuals rationally reflects on their own experiences about a specific topic. Then the individual practices
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may in part be due to theories stated in ways that are worded too abstractly, ineffectively, and contradictory at times. One challenge of theoretical psychology is the difficulty to explain
808:). Theoretical psychology requires full agreement on the different viewpoints to be able to see the point as a theory. As a result, many of its topics remain in continuous debate.
1027:. Sternberg often includes politically charged articles that focus on admissions testing and general intelligence. He performed both empirically driven and theoretical work.
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The
Ondwelle Home-page:- seeking micro-physiological explanations for Piagetian psychology. (Depends significantly on Physics and Info-tech at the cell and sub-cell level).
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to empirically derive ideas about the physical world through conducting experiments and interpreting results. However, it is still about science with an emphasis on the
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It focuses on combining and incorporating existing and developing theories of psychology non-experimentally. Theoretical psychology originated from the
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and relations to things such as clients' feelings, behavior, and consequences of these. It also factors in physiologic and social cultural processes.
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Wong, W (2009). "Retracing the
Footsteps of Wilhelm Wundt: Explorations in the Disciplinary Frontiers of psychology and in vokerpsychologie".
749:. Just as the philosophy of science is to science, theoretical psychology is to psychology in that it is the logic and rationality applied to
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995:(1980) had theories that focuses on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as a style in children and adolescence. He focuses on child and adolescent
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884:. It is important to acknowledge these fields do not discount empiricism, but rather explore new ideas with a theoretical approach first.
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has the division of
Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology as Division 24. Theoretical Ideas are also associated to the division of
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also offer organizational support. Universities that currently have
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and conduct problems. His writings on research strategies and methods have set a high standard for rigor in the field.
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data to draw ideas. Theoretical psychology is an interdisciplinary field involving psychologists specializing in
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Donald, Meichenbaum (1993). "Changing
Conceptions of Cognitive Behavior Modification: Retrospect and Prospect".
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There are some notable individuals that have, and continue to make a large impact on theoretical psychology.
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Solomon, M. (1916). "Psychopathology of everyday life: a critical review of Dr. Sigmund Freud's theories".
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The
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Gerhard
Medicus (2017). Being Human – Bridging the Gap between the Sciences of Body and Mind, Berlin VWB.
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belonging to the three classified areas. Psychology is built on the principle of being able to reference
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Slife, B.D (1997). "Toward a Theoretical Psychology:Should a subdiscipline be formally recognized?".
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A brief history into the field of theoretical psychology includes some prominent pioneers. To begin,
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behind science itself, bringing to light what cannot be explained by empirical measures. It is also
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Leary, D.E. (2014). "Overcoming Blindness: Some historical reflections on qualitative psychology".
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did the majority of his work in the field of cognitive psychology. He compared his theory to
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perspectives and methodologies of ways to derive knowledge about the reality of the world.
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Laszlo Garai's writings in theoretical psychology, general psychology and brain research.
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Theoretical psychology existed long before any branches of traditional empirical and
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928:(1905) was also an important pioneer for theoretical psychology. Freud founded the
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Lucey, K. (2015). Pesky essays on the logic of philosophy. Reno, Nevada: Springer.
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Theory of Psychology and other Human Sciences (Documents No. 9 and 10 in English)
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Sternberg, R.J (2015). "Teaching for creativity: The Sounds of Silence".
1007:'s (1990) main focus revolves around some theoretical idea that include;
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Watson, John. B. (March 1913). "Psychology as a Behaviorist Views it".
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671:. There has also been a number of notable contributors which include
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focused on all humans while incorporating the nature and essence of
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Theoretical psychology is a rational, non-experimental approach to
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780:. In psychology, as with any field of study, there are three
1834:"Six Challenges to Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology"
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is concerned with theoretical and philosophical aspects of
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International Journal of Personal Construct Psychology
1067:, the International Human Science Conference, and the
792:(use of our individually experienced sensorium), and
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Domain of psychology concerning theory and philosophy
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Gergen, K.J. (2014). "Process Without Foundations".
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2004:
1928:Theoretical Psychology Annual Review of psychology
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Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology
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Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology
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Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology
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Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology
1736:Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts
1887:International Society for Theoretical Psychology
1645:No Authorship Indicated (1988). "Jerome Kagen".
924:, which is based upon many theoretical factors.
647:at the base of each new idea. It existed before
1369:Bergmann, G. (1953). "Theoretical Psychology".
1954:
1674:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
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788:(use of intellect and reason of the mind),
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1537:Jones, D.E. (1910). "Freud's Psychology".
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1491:O'Doherty, K (2011). "Relational Being".
2949:Interdisciplinary branches of psychology
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1270:Theoretical Issues in Cognitive Science
804:) into scientifically objective terms (
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1788:Cutting, J.E (2012). "Ulric Neisser".
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937:(1913). Watson founded the theory of
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772:Relationship to philosophy and scope
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1520:The Journal of Abnormal Psychology
1200:Social Constructionist perspective
1129:Issues in methodology and practice
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1039:(1995) has work that's related to
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1297:Annals of Theoretical Psychology
1230:Journal of Humanistic Psychology
975:(1977) had work that focused on
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987:. Its main focus is connecting
811:Theoretical psychology is the
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2266:Industrial and organizational
1065:British Psychological Society
1051:Modern organizational support
721:, more specifically from the
632:with a wide scope of study.
319:Industrial and organizational
2507:Human factors and ergonomics
1329:Journal of Mind and Behavior
977:cognitive behavioral therapy
474:Human factors and ergonomics
1372:Annual Review of Psychology
1263:Consciousness and Cognition
1043:, specifically the idea of
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1632:10.1037/0003-066X.52.2.117
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2196:Applied behavior analysis
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249:Applied behavior analysis
2954:Philosophy of psychology
1851:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00219
1336:Philosophical Psychology
1143:individual consciousness
1105:University of Notre Dame
1101:Brigham Young University
842:developmental psychology
2472:Behavioral neuroscience
2036:Behavioral neuroscience
1838:Frontiers in Psychology
1587:2027/hvd.32044028753861
1277:Behavior and Philosophy
1223:New Ideas in Psychology
866:evolutionary psychology
802:hypothetical constructs
766:experimental psychology
700:Theory & Psychology
653:experimental psychology
630:interdisciplinary field
439:Behavioral neuroscience
96:Behavioral neuroscience
2522:Psychology of religion
2462:Behavioral engineering
2399:Human subject research
2055:Cognitive neuroscience
2021:Affective neuroscience
1539:Psychological Bulletin
1466:Qualitative Psychology
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846:personality psychology
622:Theoretical psychology
489:Psychology of religion
429:Behavioral engineering
115:Cognitive neuroscience
81:Affective neuroscience
2898:Wiktionary definition
2434:Self-report inventory
2429:Quantitative research
1790:American Psychologist
1707:(66): 682–698. 2011.
1701:American Psychologist
1647:American Psychologist
1620:American Psychologist
1431:History of Psychology
1310:Psychological Inquiry
1284:American Psychologist
1237:Humanistic Psychology
1216:Theory and Psychology
1109:Georgetown University
1093:University of Alberta
1089:University of Calgary
1061:humanistic psychology
930:psychoanalytic theory
896:Wilhelm Wundt in 1902
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870:historical psychology
862:biological psychology
854:perceptual psychology
806:intervening variables
723:philosophy of science
694:American Psychologist
637:philosophy of science
583:Psychology portal
2424:Qualitative research
2379:Behavior epigenetics
1566:Psychological Review
1163:theoretical concepts
1122:Empirical psychology
1085:West Georgia College
1077:University of Dallas
1041:cognitive psychology
946:Notable contributors
878:political psychology
834:cognitive psychology
826:physiological states
822:physical environment
2903:Wiktionary category
2467:Behavioral genetics
2439:Statistical surveys
2296:Occupational health
2031:Behavioral genetics
1832:Edelman, S (2012).
1073:Duquesne University
989:cognitive processes
882:critical psychology
874:economic psychology
850:clinical psychology
818:observable behavior
813:logic of psychology
434:Behavioral genetics
349:Occupational health
91:Behavioral genetics
22:Part of a series on
2875:Schools of thought
2778:Richard E. Nisbett
2658:Donald T. Campbell
2336:Sport and exercise
1906:2016-03-04 at the
1748:10.1037/aca0000007
1699:"Alan E. Kazdin".
1478:10.1037/qup0000003
1081:Seattle University
1045:flashbulb memories
973:Donald Meichenbaum
956:personality traits
954:'s (1971) work on
918:James-Lange theory
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551:Schools of thought
389:Sport and exercise
235:Applied psychology
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2913:Wikimedia Commons
2840:Counseling topics
2803:Ronald C. Kessler
2793:Shelley E. Taylor
2718:Lawrence Kohlberg
2693:Stanley Schachter
2492:Consumer behavior
2374:Archival research
2142:Psycholinguistics
2026:Affective science
1198:, as well as the
1029:Kenneth J. Gergen
997:psychopathologies
838:social psychology
743:epistemologically
727:scientific method
685:Kenneth J. Gergen
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516:Counseling topics
459:Consumer behavior
202:Psycholinguistics
86:Affective science
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2813:Richard Davidson
2808:Joseph E. LeDoux
2683:George A. Miller
2673:David McClelland
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2568:Edward Thorndike
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2007:
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1883:
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1680:(61): 202–204.
1671:
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1644:
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1881:External links
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2546:
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2487:Consciousness
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2014:
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2011:
2009:
2003:
1997:
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1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1933:
1927:
1925:
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1917:
1915:
1912:
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1905:
1902:
1900:
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1895:
1893:
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1548:
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1499:(31): 61–64.
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1197:
1193:
1185:
1183:
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1180:consciousness
1177:
1168:
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1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:deterministic
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1128:
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1123:
1114:
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1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:Ulric Neisser
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
985:Pandora's box
982:
978:
974:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
945:
943:
940:
936:
931:
927:
926:Sigmund Freud
923:
919:
915:
911:
910:William James
907:
906:consciousness
903:
902:Wilhelm Wundt
894:
887:
885:
883:
879:
875:
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867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
829:
827:
823:
819:
814:
809:
807:
803:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
782:philosophical
779:
771:
769:
767:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
712:
710:
708:
707:
702:
701:
696:
695:
690:
689:Ulric Neisser
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
665:Sigmund Freud
662:
661:William James
658:
657:Wilhelm Wundt
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
633:
631:
627:
623:
612:
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584:
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562:
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544:
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536:Psychologists
534:
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529:
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526:Organizations
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508:
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495:
494:Psychometrics
492:
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487:
485:
482:
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477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
454:Consciousness
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
415:
414:
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397:
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387:
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382:
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374:Psychotherapy
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277:
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272:
270:
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250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
236:
231:
230:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
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195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
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180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
142:Developmental
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
111:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
73:
68:
63:
62:
57:
54:
52:
49:
47:
44:
43:
42:
41:
37:
33:
32:
29:
25:
21:
20:
2773:Larry Squire
2768:Bruce McEwen
2763:Amos Tversky
2733:Jerome Kagan
2723:Noam Chomsky
2663:Hans Eysenck
2633:Harry Harlow
2613:Erik Erikson
2512:Intelligence
2409:Neuroimaging
2161:
2152:Quantitative
2117:Mathematical
2112:Intelligence
2102:Experimental
2097:Evolutionary
2087:Differential
1996:Psychologist
1841:
1837:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1623:
1619:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1472:(1): 17–33.
1469:
1465:
1459:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1415:
1407:"Wikispaces"
1401:
1376:
1370:
1334:
1327:
1315:
1308:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1189:
1172:
1169:Significance
1132:
1118:
1054:
952:Jerome Kagan
949:
899:
830:
810:
798:
775:
763:
716:
704:
698:
692:
673:Jerome Kagan
634:
621:
620:
479:Intelligence
212:Quantitative
177:Mathematical
172:Intelligence
162:Experimental
157:Evolutionary
147:Differential
2845:Disciplines
2818:Susan Fiske
2708:Roger Brown
2608:Carl Rogers
2593:Jean Piaget
2558:Ivan Pavlov
2414:Observation
2394:Experiments
2341:Suicidology
2236:Educational
2191:Anomalistic
2162:Theoretical
2137:Personality
2067:Comparative
2050:Cognitivism
2041:Behaviorism
1796:(67): 492.
1526:(1): 17–33.
1379:: 435–458.
1196:existential
1159:mechanistic
1151:statistical
981:Meichenbaum
968:temperament
939:behaviorism
786:Rationalism
735:rationality
645:rationality
628:. It is an
521:Disciplines
394:Suicidology
289:Educational
244:Anomalistic
221:Theoretical
197:Personality
127:Comparative
110:Cognitivism
101:Behaviorism
2943:Categories
2908:Wikisource
2753:Paul Ekman
2588:Kurt Lewin
2482:Competence
2404:Interviews
2384:Case study
2261:Humanistic
2241:Ergonomics
2226:Counseling
2201:Assessment
2183:psychology
2132:Perception
2092:Ecological
2008:psychology
1986:Philosophy
1970:Psychology
1343:References
1192:humanistic
1176:resiliency
1139:dialectics
1009:creativity
1001:depression
794:Skepticism
790:Empiricism
778:psychology
719:philosophy
626:psychology
449:Competence
314:Humanistic
294:Ergonomics
279:Counseling
254:Assessment
192:Perception
152:Ecological
28:Psychology
2928:Wikibooks
2918:Wikiquote
2788:Ed Diener
2573:Carl Jung
2477:Cognition
2306:Political
2216:Community
2046:Cognitive
1596:145372026
914:free will
824:, and/or
649:empirical
444:Cognition
359:Political
269:Community
106:Cognitive
56:Subfields
2923:Wikinews
2880:Timeline
2502:Feelings
2497:Emotions
2457:Behavior
2448:Concepts
2326:Religion
2311:Positive
2301:Pastoral
2286:Military
2251:Forensic
2246:Feminist
2231:Critical
2221:Consumer
2211:Coaching
2206:Clinical
2181:Applied
2077:Cultural
2016:Abnormal
1904:Archived
1870:22783216
1810:22963415
1721:22082383
1451:20509352
1393:13125324
1186:Journals
999:such as
888:Pioneers
759:theories
751:concepts
556:Timeline
469:Feelings
464:Emotions
424:Behavior
418:Concepts
379:Religion
364:Positive
354:Pastoral
339:Military
304:Forensic
299:Feminist
284:Critical
274:Consumer
264:Coaching
259:Clinical
137:Cultural
76:Abnormal
2855:Outline
2351:Traffic
2346:Systems
2281:Medical
2107:Gestalt
1981:History
1861:3387726
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964:emotion
922:emotion
639:, with
531:Outline
404:Traffic
399:Systems
334:Medical
167:Gestalt
51:History
46:Outline
2885:Topics
2331:School
2256:Health
2157:Social
2060:Social
2006:Basic
1991:Portal
1868:
1858:
1808:
1719:
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1391:
1147:causal
1134:Humans
1075:, the
1023:, and
1013:wisdom
966:, and
880:, and
757:, and
713:Origin
687:, and
667:, and
561:Topics
384:School
309:Health
217:Social
120:Social
2832:Lists
2291:Music
2276:Media
2271:Legal
2122:Moral
1592:S2CID
1194:and
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960:aging
731:logic
641:logic
507:Lists
344:Music
329:Media
324:Legal
182:Moral
2517:Mind
1866:PMID
1806:PMID
1717:PMID
1447:PMID
1389:PMID
1107:and
1055:The
1025:hate
1021:love
958:and
755:laws
741:and
733:and
703:and
643:and
484:Mind
1856:PMC
1846:doi
1798:doi
1771:doi
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1709:doi
1682:doi
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