124:
366:
476:
146:
628:
Ribeiro, A. M.; & Scherer, C. S. (2009) do
Pleistoceno do Rio Grande do Sul. In: Quaternário do Rio Grande do Sul: Integrando conhecimentos. Monografias da Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia. Porto Alegre: Ana Maria Ribeiro, Soraia Girardi Bauermann, Carolina Saldanha Scherer (Org.). Sociedade
618:
Rodrigues, P.H.; Prevosti, J.F.; Ribeiro, A.M.; Ferigolo, J. (2004) Novos materiais de carnívora para o
Pleistoceno do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, v.7, n.1, p.77-86,
638:
Perini, F. A.; Russo C. A. M.; and
Schrago C. G. (2010) The evolution of South American endemic canids: a history of rapid diversification and morphological parallelism. J. Evol. Biol. 23, 311–322.
1820:
1899:
675:
377:
has been estimated at around 30 to 40 kg. The dental diagnostic trait is found in the hypocone of M1 which is reduced in comparison with that of other genera.
496:
542:
Chichkoyan, Karina Vanesa; Figueirido, Borja; Belinchón, Margarita; Lanata, José Luis; Moigne, Anne-Marie; Martínez-Navarro, Bienvenido (2017-05-09).
1807:
123:
1949:
1894:
1884:
544:"Direct evidence of megamammal-carnivore interaction decoded from bone marks in historical fossil collections from the Pampean region"
668:
526:
1889:
132:
1914:
518:
Evolution of South
American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies
1919:
1929:
1879:
1759:
1730:
661:
145:
1939:
1934:
497:
http://paleobackup.nceas.ucsb.edu:8110/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=41213&is_real_user=1
1944:
365:
1924:
600:
516:
1660:
1775:
1700:
1650:
1192:
1874:
1846:
1182:
1172:
1600:
1500:
1346:
340:
332:
1490:
1336:
1212:
481:
398:
1904:
1640:
1575:
1371:
1235:
1202:
140:
454:
1851:
1909:
1833:
1825:
1720:
1620:
1610:
1520:
1390:
583:
565:
522:
1838:
1550:
1245:
573:
555:
324:
286:
1406:
1255:
811:
760:
653:
1540:
1530:
1510:
1461:
1266:
966:
746:
578:
543:
227:
1868:
1690:
1680:
1670:
1630:
1054:
1018:
1000:
945:
410:
297:
74:
1275:
973:
900:
891:
846:
790:
460:
1147:
1068:
1045:
959:
918:
859:
832:
804:
769:
606:
438:
301:
49:
30:
1798:
1710:
1562:
1082:
991:
980:
952:
818:
783:
724:
684:
471:
432:
279:
94:
59:
569:
1426:
1323:
1301:
1127:
1117:
1061:
1034:
1027:
1007:
938:
931:
907:
880:
873:
866:
825:
797:
718:
443:
426:
416:
353:
344:
197:
157:
99:
43:
34:
587:
1792:
1587:
1436:
1358:
1291:
1137:
776:
712:
706:
386:
310:
177:
89:
84:
69:
64:
54:
1812:
1159:
1101:
1075:
688:
560:
448:
421:
404:
393:
389:
328:
217:
207:
104:
79:
1416:
1223:
700:
336:
187:
167:
1769:
1473:
1448:
364:
305:
293:
282:
289:
1773:
657:
373:
It was a large sized canid; body weight for adult specimens of
515:
Prevosti, Francisco J.; Forasiepi, Analía M. (2018-01-02).
647:
F.J. Prevosti; P. Plamqvist, 2001, Ameghiniana 38: 375-384
1726:
1716:
1706:
1696:
1686:
1676:
1666:
1656:
1646:
1636:
1626:
1616:
1606:
1596:
1571:
1546:
1536:
1526:
1516:
1506:
1496:
1486:
1457:
1432:
1422:
1412:
1402:
1367:
1342:
1332:
1307:
1297:
1287:
1251:
1241:
1231:
1208:
1198:
1188:
1178:
1168:
1143:
1133:
1123:
1113:
843:
757:
742:
260:
1782:
1585:
1560:
1471:
1446:
1389:
1356:
1321:
1274:
1265:
1222:
1157:
1100:
1044:
1017:
990:
917:
890:
842:
756:
733:
308:- 500,000 years ago and existing for approximately
629:Brasileira de Paleontologia, 2009. p. 171-191.
669:
8:
1770:
1479:
1395:
1386:
1280:
1271:
1106:
923:
851:
676:
662:
654:
122:
20:
577:
559:
133:Museo Malvinas e Islas del Atlántico Sur
489:
323:The fossil remains are confined to the
7:
1900:Pleistocene mammals of South America
510:
508:
436:), mesotherids (e.g. the burrowing
14:
385:Prey is thought to have included
474:
144:
1:
1950:Fossil taxa described in 1891
1895:Pleistocene genus extinctions
1885:Prehistoric carnivoran genera
351:was transferred to the genus
357:upon phylogenetic analysis.
135:, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
1966:
1756:
1482:
1398:
1283:
1109:
926:
854:
695:
257:
252:
141:Scientific classification
139:
130:
121:
23:
16:Extinct genus of mammals
1890:Pleistocene carnivorans
430:), giant rodents (e.g.
687:members of the family
375:Theriodictis platensis
370:
1915:Pleistocene Argentina
1847:Paleobiology Database
368:
1920:Fossils of Argentina
1462:C. alpinus europaeus
131:Fossil skull in the
1930:Pleistocene Bolivia
1880:Prehistoric canines
1701:C. l. mogollonensis
482:Paleontology portal
369:Life reconstruction
319:Fossil distribution
1940:Pleistocene Brazil
1935:Fossils of Bolivia
1711:C. l. monstrabilis
561:10.7717/peerj.3117
371:
304:, living from 1.2
1945:Fossils of Brazil
1862:
1861:
1834:Open Tree of Life
1776:Taxon identifiers
1767:
1766:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1671:C. l. griseoalbus
1385:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
396:), cervids (e.g.
271:
270:
248:
1957:
1855:
1854:
1842:
1841:
1829:
1828:
1816:
1815:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1771:
1728:
1718:
1708:
1698:
1691:C. l. hodophilax
1688:
1678:
1668:
1658:
1648:
1641:C. l. floridanus
1638:
1631:C. l. cristaldii
1628:
1618:
1608:
1598:
1573:
1548:
1538:
1528:
1518:
1508:
1498:
1491:C. apolloniensis
1488:
1480:
1459:
1434:
1424:
1414:
1404:
1396:
1387:
1369:
1344:
1334:
1309:
1299:
1289:
1281:
1272:
1253:
1243:
1233:
1210:
1200:
1190:
1180:
1170:
1145:
1135:
1125:
1115:
1107:
924:
852:
845:
759:
744:
678:
671:
664:
655:
648:
645:
639:
636:
630:
626:
620:
616:
610:
598:
592:
591:
581:
563:
539:
533:
532:
512:
503:
494:
484:
479:
478:
477:
408:), equids (e.g.
325:Tarija Formation
314:
287:hypercarnivorous
262:
246:
239:
149:
148:
126:
116:
46:
31:Late Pleistocene
29:Temporal range:
21:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1850:
1845:
1837:
1832:
1824:
1819:
1811:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1778:
1768:
1763:
1736:
1611:C. l. beothucus
1581:
1556:
1467:
1442:
1377:
1352:
1347:L. ensenadensis
1317:
1261:
1218:
1193:U. minicephalus
1153:
1088:
1040:
1013:
986:
913:
886:
838:
812:Paraenhydrocyon
761:Hesperocyoninae
752:
729:
691:
682:
652:
651:
646:
642:
637:
633:
627:
623:
617:
613:
599:
595:
541:
540:
536:
529:
514:
513:
506:
495:
491:
480:
475:
473:
470:
383:
363:
341:Yupoí Formation
321:
309:
245:
237:
143:
117:
115:
114:
113:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
41:
40:
38:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1963:
1961:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1867:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1843:
1830:
1817:
1804:
1788:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1724:
1714:
1704:
1694:
1684:
1674:
1664:
1661:C. l. gregoryi
1654:
1644:
1634:
1624:
1621:C. l. bernardi
1614:
1604:
1593:
1591:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1568:
1566:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1544:
1534:
1524:
1521:C. cedazoensis
1514:
1504:
1501:C. armbrusteri
1494:
1483:
1477:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1454:
1452:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1430:
1420:
1410:
1399:
1393:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1364:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1340:
1329:
1327:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1305:
1295:
1284:
1278:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1249:
1239:
1236:V. qiuzhudingi
1228:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1206:
1196:
1186:
1176:
1165:
1163:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1141:
1131:
1121:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1050:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1023:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1004:
996:
994:
988:
987:
985:
984:
977:
970:
967:Microtomarctus
963:
956:
949:
942:
935:
927:
921:
915:
914:
912:
911:
904:
896:
894:
888:
887:
885:
884:
877:
870:
863:
855:
849:
840:
839:
837:
836:
829:
822:
815:
808:
801:
794:
787:
780:
773:
765:
763:
754:
753:
751:
750:
747:Prohesperocyon
739:
737:
735:incertae sedis
731:
730:
728:
727:
721:
715:
709:
703:
696:
693:
692:
683:
681:
680:
673:
666:
658:
650:
649:
640:
631:
621:
611:
593:
534:
527:
504:
488:
487:
486:
485:
469:
466:
382:
379:
362:
359:
347:. The species
333:Chui Formation
320:
317:
269:
268:
267:
266:
255:
254:
250:
249:
247:Mercerat, 1891
235:
231:
230:
225:
221:
220:
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
137:
136:
128:
127:
119:
118:
110:
109:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
47:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1962:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1762:
1761:
1755:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1721:C. l. nubilus
1715:
1713:
1712:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1576:C. l. orcutti
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1551:C. lepophagus
1545:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1374:
1373:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1337:L. cultridens
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1203:U. progressus
1197:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1055:Paratomarctus
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1019:Aelurodontina
1016:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1003:
1002:
1001:Paracynarctus
998:
997:
995:
993:
989:
983:
982:
978:
976:
975:
971:
969:
968:
964:
962:
961:
957:
955:
954:
950:
948:
947:
946:Metatomarctus
943:
941:
940:
936:
934:
933:
929:
928:
925:
922:
920:
916:
910:
909:
905:
903:
902:
898:
897:
895:
893:
889:
883:
882:
878:
876:
875:
871:
869:
868:
864:
862:
861:
857:
856:
853:
850:
848:
841:
835:
834:
830:
828:
827:
823:
821:
820:
816:
814:
813:
809:
807:
806:
802:
800:
799:
795:
793:
792:
788:
786:
785:
781:
779:
778:
774:
772:
771:
767:
766:
764:
762:
755:
749:
748:
741:
740:
738:
736:
732:
726:
722:
720:
716:
714:
710:
708:
704:
702:
698:
697:
694:
690:
686:
679:
674:
672:
667:
665:
660:
659:
656:
644:
641:
635:
632:
625:
622:
615:
612:
608:
604:
603:
597:
594:
589:
585:
580:
575:
571:
567:
562:
557:
553:
549:
545:
538:
535:
530:
528:9783319037011
524:
520:
519:
511:
509:
505:
502:: Basic info.
501:
498:
493:
490:
483:
472:
467:
465:
463:
462:
457:
456:
451:
450:
445:
442:), and giant
441:
440:
435:
434:
429:
428:
423:
419:
418:
413:
412:
407:
406:
401:
400:
395:
391:
388:
380:
378:
376:
367:
360:
358:
356:
355:
350:
349:T. tarijensis
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
318:
316:
313:million years
312:
307:
303:
299:
298:South America
295:
291:
288:
284:
281:
277:
276:
265:
259:
258:
256:
251:
244:
243:
236:
233:
232:
229:
226:
223:
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
147:
142:
138:
134:
129:
125:
120:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
45:
42:1.2–0.5
36:
32:
26:
22:
19:
1925:Paraná Basin
1875:Cerdocyonina
1784:Theriodictis
1783:
1758:
1731:C. l. youngi
1729:
1719:
1709:
1699:
1689:
1681:C. l. hattai
1679:
1669:
1659:
1651:C. l. fuscus
1649:
1639:
1629:
1619:
1609:
1599:
1586:
1574:
1561:
1549:
1539:
1529:
1519:
1509:
1499:
1489:
1472:
1460:
1447:
1435:
1425:
1415:
1405:
1372:S. pacivorus
1370:
1357:
1345:
1335:
1322:
1312:Theriodictis
1311:
1310:
1300:
1290:
1276:Cerdocyonina
1254:
1246:V. riffautae
1244:
1234:
1211:
1201:
1191:
1181:
1171:
1158:
1146:
1136:
1126:
1116:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1033:
1026:
1006:
999:
979:
974:Protomarctus
972:
965:
958:
951:
944:
937:
930:
906:
901:Cynarctoides
899:
892:Phlaocyonini
879:
872:
865:
858:
847:Borophaginae
831:
824:
817:
810:
803:
796:
791:Sunkahetanka
789:
782:
775:
768:
745:
734:
643:
634:
624:
614:
602:Theriodictis
601:
596:
551:
547:
537:
521:. Springer.
517:
499:
492:
461:Pampatherium
459:
453:
447:
437:
431:
425:
415:
409:
403:
399:Epieurycerus
397:
384:
381:Paleoecology
374:
372:
352:
348:
343:of northern
335:of southern
322:
275:Theriodictis
274:
273:
272:
264:T. platensis
263:
242:Theriodictis
241:
240:
25:Theriodictis
24:
18:
1601:C. l. alces
1541:C. etruscus
1531:C. edwardii
1511:C. arnensis
1407:Cynotherium
1256:V. skinneri
1183:U. galushai
1173:U. citrinus
1148:Prototocyon
1069:Protepicyon
1046:Borophagina
960:Psalidocyon
919:Borophagini
860:Archaeocyon
833:Ectopocynus
805:Enhydrocyon
770:Hesperocyon
607:Fossilworks
439:Mesotherium
361:Description
302:Pleistocene
300:during the
296:endemic to
214:Subfamily:
1869:Categories
1563:C. latrans
1083:Borophagus
992:Cynarctina
981:Tephrocyon
953:Euoplocyon
819:Osbornodon
784:Cynodesmus
725:Caniformia
723:Suborder:
468:References
455:Propraopus
444:cingulates
433:Neochoerus
339:, and the
1905:Ensenadan
1324:Lycalopex
1302:Protocyon
1128:Metalopex
1118:Leptocyon
1062:Carpocyon
1035:Aelurodon
1028:Tomarctus
1008:Cynarctus
939:Desmocyon
932:Cormocyon
908:Phlaocyon
881:Rhizocyon
874:Otarocyon
867:Oxetocyon
826:Caedocyon
798:Philotrox
719:Carnivora
699:Kingdom:
570:2167-8359
554:: e3117.
427:Catagonus
422:peccaries
417:Hippidion
354:Protocyon
345:Argentina
198:Carnivora
164:Kingdom:
158:Eukaryota
35:Ensenadan
1910:Lujanian
1799:Q7782990
1793:Wikidata
1760:Category
1588:C. lupus
1437:Xenocyon
1427:Aenocyon
1359:Speothos
1292:Dusicyon
1213:U. webbi
1138:Nurocyon
777:Mesocyon
713:Mammalia
707:Chordata
705:Phylum:
701:Animalia
588:28503369
390:camelids
387:ungulate
253:Species
204:Family:
188:Mammalia
178:Chordata
174:Phylum:
168:Animalia
154:Domain:
1839:3612542
1826:1195151
1813:4574081
1160:Urocyon
1102:Caninae
1076:Epicyon
717:Order:
711:Class:
689:Canidae
685:Extinct
579:5426367
449:Eutatus
405:Antifer
394:guanaco
329:Bolivia
280:extinct
234:Genus:
224:Tribe:
218:Caninae
208:Canidae
194:Order:
184:Class:
111:↓
1417:Eucyon
1391:Canina
1267:Canini
1224:Vulpes
586:
576:
568:
525:
500:Eucyon
446:(e.g.
424:(e.g.
392:(e.g.
337:Brazil
331:, the
292:-like
278:is an
228:Canini
1852:41245
1821:IRMNG
1474:Canis
619:2004.
548:PeerJ
411:Equus
294:canid
283:genus
1808:GBIF
1449:Cuon
609:.org
584:PMID
566:ISSN
523:ISBN
458:and
414:and
402:and
290:wolf
50:PreꞒ
605:at
574:PMC
556:doi
464:).
420:),
327:of
311:0.7
285:of
1871::
1849::
1836::
1823::
1810::
1795::
582:.
572:.
564:.
550:.
546:.
507:^
452:,
315:.
306:Ma
100:Pg
44:Ma
1727:†
1717:†
1707:†
1697:†
1687:†
1677:†
1667:†
1657:†
1647:†
1637:†
1627:†
1617:†
1607:†
1597:†
1572:†
1547:†
1537:†
1527:†
1517:†
1507:†
1497:†
1487:†
1458:†
1433:†
1423:†
1413:†
1403:†
1368:†
1343:†
1333:†
1308:†
1298:†
1288:†
1252:†
1242:†
1232:†
1209:†
1199:†
1189:†
1179:†
1169:†
1144:†
1134:†
1124:†
1114:†
844:†
758:†
743:†
677:e
670:t
663:v
590:.
558::
552:5
531:.
261:†
238:†
105:N
95:K
90:J
85:T
80:P
75:C
70:D
65:S
60:O
55:Ꞓ
39:~
37:)
33:(
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