48:
440:. Chlamydospores are the overwinter stage of the pathogen. Because pineapples are grown using pieces of fruit previously harvested pineapples, these chlamydospores can be present and can start the inoculation early on. If they are not present in the planting, then they must infect the wounds or natural openings on harvested pineapple.
443:
When the chlamydospores first infect the plant, they give rise to the mycelium, or hyphae network, which then lead to further spore infection. This gives rise to the black rot that is seen. If the infection is seen out in the field, the chlamydospores will over winter in the dead debris of the plants
306:
Symptoms for this disease are very obvious black lesions on the fruit, the main infection part of the plant. If the pathogen infects the plant while fruits are still on it, they will prematurely drop. Other symptoms include discoloration of leaves as well as the seeds. The lesions on the fruit evolve
286:
the structures which are used primarily to survive long periods of time or overwinter to prepare for the next growing season of its host. Unfortunately, the sexual stage is not often seen in the natural field but instead the anamorph, or asexual stage is more commonly seen. This asexual stage name is
285:
or Black Rot of
Pineapple is a plant pathogen that is a fungus, part of the phylum Ascomycota. It is characterized as the teleomorph or sexual reproduction stage of infection. This stage contains ascocarps, or sacs/fruiting bodies, which contain the sexually produced inoculating ascospores. These are
452:
If the disease has inoculated the fruit after the harvest has already happened, there are a few ways to limited the spread of the disease. One way is to soak the fruit in hot temperatures. Also, if the fruit is to be stored then it should be at cold temperatures to limit further spore production. It
302:
is Black rot or stem-end rot of pineapple, but it can also infect tropical fruit plants such as banana and coconuts as well as sugarcane. The pathogen infects the fruits through wounds or other openings after harvest has already happened and the fruit is fresh.
460:
Post-harvest fungicides are also useful in limiting the disease, however continued use could possibly lead to pathogen resistance. The fungicide may also be harmful to the consumers if it is directly sprayed onto the fruit.
456:
If the disease begins in the soil from debris or chlamydospores from past fruit then it is best to change out the soil or to keep it as dry as possible to make sure the conditions are not ideal for the pathogen.
436:
is the teleomorph stage of the inoculation and is uncommon in the natural environment. This is because the primary disease observed is caused by the anamorph stage which is due to
939:
810:
990:
900:
719:
926:
784:
573:"Screening of Trichoderma Isolates as a Biological Control Agent against Ceratocystis paradoxa Causing Pineapple Disease of Sugarcane"
1000:
836:
47:
676:
478:
1005:
687:
995:
498:"Notes on Ceratocystis paradoxa causing internal post-harvest rot disease on immature coconut in Brazil"
307:
to become soft rot spots that produce a heinous odor. The fruit can even get to the point of breakdown.
142:
967:
851:
776:
745:
534:
620:
553:
164:
42:
944:
815:
913:
859:
732:
652:
602:
109:
864:
592:
584:
509:
89:
17:
771:
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572:
984:
905:
724:
514:
497:
119:
99:
918:
737:
891:
671:
239:
De Seynes, De la
Formation de corps reproducteurs appelés Acrospores 3: 30 (1886)
841:
797:
710:
588:
79:
758:
656:
59:
606:
952:
885:
823:
704:
931:
789:
802:
957:
828:
69:
681:
260:(Bat. & A.F. Vital) A.E. Paulin, T.C. Harr. & McNew, (2002)
763:
290:
and is the common cause of Black rot or stem-end rot of its hosts.
535:"Fusarium Wilt of Cucumber (Fusarium Oxysporum F.sp. Cucumerinum)"
496:
Pinho, Danilo B.; Dutra, Deiziane C.; Pereira, Olinto L. (2013).
750:
685:
453:
is also helpful to keep the fruit as clean as possible.
646:
875:
694:
274:(Peyr.) A.E. Paulin, T.C. Harr. & McNew, (2002)
225:(Udagawa & Takada) Udagawa & Uchiy., (2002)
571:Rahman MA, Begum MF, Alam MF (December 2009).
298:One of the most well-known diseases caused by
8:
651:. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 2005.
190:(Peyronel) Nag Raj & W.B. Kendr., (1975)
479:"A Fungus among Us: Thielaviopsis Paradoxa"
682:
31:
628:Pacific Pests and Pathogens - Fact Sheets
596:
513:
470:
7:
968:4b4bd10e-2644-4689-b3e7-71a1041532f1
852:e2a4373f-2ff1-445f-a3c8-d9b22bfe7cd0
529:
527:
525:
991:Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
552:Macfarlane R (December 17, 2003).
25:
204:(De Seynes) R.W. Davidson, (1935)
46:
515:10.1590/S1982-56762013000200010
1:
218:Bat. & A.F. Vital, (1956)
222:Neocarpenteles acanthosporum
271:Thielaviopsis thielavioides
1022:
648:Crop Protection Compendium
589:10.4489/MYCO.2009.37.4.277
267:(De Seynes) Höhn., (1904)
246:Ferd. & Winge, (1910)
201:Endoconidiophora paradoxa
194:Chalaropsis thielavioides
183:(De Seynes) Sacc., (1892)
170:
163:
148:
141:
43:Scientific classification
41:
34:
677:USDA ARS Fungal Database
539:Plantwise Knowledge Bank
502:Tropical Plant Pathology
250:Thielaviopsis ethacetica
158:(Dade) C. Moreau, (1952)
18:Thielaviopsis ethacetica
1001:Fungi described in 1892
877:Ceratostomella paradoxa
554:"Ceratocystis paradoxa"
173:Ceratostomella paradoxa
438:Thielaviopsis paradoxa
288:Thielaviopsis paradoxa
264:Thielaviopsis paradoxa
243:Stilbochalara dimorpha
236:Sporoschisma paradoxum
696:Ceratocystis paradoxa
621:"Pineapple black rot"
434:Ceratocystis paradoxa
402:Saccharum officinarum
300:Ceratocystis paradoxa
283:Ceratocystis paradoxa
257:Thielaviopsis euricoi
232:(Dade) Nannf., (1934)
208:Endoconidium fragrans
187:Chalara thielavioides
152:Ceratocystis paradoxa
36:Ceratocystis paradoxa
485:. February 28, 2015.
333:Borassus flabellifer
229:Ophiostoma paradoxum
396:Phoenix dactylifera
369:(African oil palm)
215:Hughesiella euricoi
176:Dade, Trans. (1928)
390:Musa x paradisiaca
294:Hosts and symptoms
978:
977:
860:Open Tree of Life
688:Taxon identifiers
483:Married To Plants
408:Solanum muricatum
378:Howea forsteriana
367:Elaeis guineensis
280:
279:
275:
268:
261:
254:
247:
240:
233:
226:
219:
212:
205:
198:
191:
184:
177:
110:Ceratocystidaceae
27:Species of fungus
16:(Redirected from
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971:
970:
961:
960:
948:
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868:
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842:BMSSYS0000003451
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568:
562:
561:
549:
543:
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531:
520:
519:
517:
493:
487:
486:
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444:or in the soil.
384:Mangifera indica
380:(paradise palm)
329:(betelnut palm)
273:
266:
259:
252:
245:
238:
231:
224:
217:
210:
203:
197:Peyronel, (1916)
196:
189:
182:
180:Chalara paradoxa
175:
154:
134:C. paradoxa
51:
50:
32:
21:
1021:
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1016:
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639:Further reading
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551:
550:
546:
533:
532:
523:
495:
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477:
476:
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467:
450:
430:
414:Theobroma cacao
296:
269:
262:
255:
248:
241:
234:
227:
220:
213:
211:Delacr., (1893)
206:
199:
192:
185:
178:
159:
156:
150:
137:
90:Sordariomycetes
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1019:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1006:Fungus species
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998:
993:
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742:
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691:
686:
680:
679:
674:
672:Index Fungorum
667:
666:External links
664:
662:
661:
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640:
637:
634:
633:
612:
563:
544:
521:
508:(2): 152–157.
488:
469:
468:
466:
463:
449:
446:
429:
426:
362:Dypsis decaryi
344:Cocos nucifera
339:Butia capitata
316:Ananas comosus
295:
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278:
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168:
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583:(4): 277–85.
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578:
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567:
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559:
558:Discover Life
555:
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492:
489:
484:
480:
474:
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464:
462:
458:
454:
447:
445:
441:
439:
435:
432:The pathogen
428:Disease cycle
427:
425:
423:
421:
417:
415:
411:
410:(melon pear)
409:
405:
403:
399:
397:
393:
391:
387:
385:
381:
379:
375:
374:
370:
368:
364:
363:
359:
357:
356:Daucus carota
353:
351:
347:
345:
341:
340:
336:
335:(toddy palm)
334:
330:
328:
327:Areca catechu
324:
323:
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317:
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293:
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253:Went , (1893)
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143:Binomial name
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33:
30:
19:
996:Microascales
876:
695:
647:
627:
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404:(sugarcane)
401:
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398:(date-palm)
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318:(pineapple)
315:
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311:Known hosts:
310:
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133:
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121:Ceratocystis
120:
100:Microascales
35:
29:
798:iNaturalist
577:Mycobiology
392:(plantain)
985:Categories
465:References
448:Management
373:Eucalyptus
346:(coconut)
80:Ascomycota
76:Division:
892:Q59454462
358:(carrot)
352:(coffee)
128:Species:
66:Kingdom:
60:Eukaryota
953:MycoBank
945:10505629
906:60020842
901:AusFungi
886:Wikidata
824:MycoBank
816:10390549
772:Fungorum
725:60020841
720:AusFungi
711:Q5063767
705:Wikidata
657:37335014
607:23983548
422:(maize)
420:Zea mays
416:(cocoa)
386:(mango)
165:Synonyms
106:Family:
56:Domain:
932:2564774
790:5252313
598:3749418
322:Araceae
116:Genus:
96:Order:
86:Class:
965:NZOR:
958:273540
865:815639
849:NZOR:
829:294224
803:381522
777:294224
764:CERAPA
751:190408
655:
605:
595:
350:Coffea
940:IRMNG
811:IRMNG
624:(PDF)
70:Fungi
927:GBIF
919:SQ97
785:GBIF
759:EPPO
738:SMYH
653:OCLC
603:PMID
914:CoL
837:NBN
746:EoL
733:CoL
593:PMC
585:doi
510:doi
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955::
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626:.
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591:.
581:37
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537:.
524:^
506:38
504:.
500:.
481:.
659:.
630:.
609:.
587::
560:.
541:.
518:.
512::
20:)
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