1039:. Dodd notes, however, that they could have been written in the pre-Domitian era, which is likely if the author was a personal disciple of Jesus. Marshall suggests a date of between the 60s and 90s. Rensberger suggests a dating of around 100, assuming that the Gospel of John was written in the 90s and the letters must have followed after. Brown argues for a date of between 100 and 110, with all three letters composed in close time proximity. A date past 110–115 is unlikely, as parts of 1 John and 2 John are quoted by Polycarp and Papias.
517:
995:
and 3 John, and two are found in both 2 and 3 John as well as in other New
Testament writings. Approximately 30% of the significant words in 3 John do not appear in 1 John or the Gospel, compared to 20% for 2 John. These considerations indicate a close affinity between 2 and 3 John, though 2 John is more strongly connected with 1 John than it is with 3 John. A minority of scholars, however, argue against common authorship of 2 and 3 John, and
1196:" despite describing them as "well-known and acknowledged by most". Although Eusebius believed the Apostle wrote the Gospel and the epistles, it is likely that doubt about the fidelity of the author of 2 and 3 John was a factor in causing them to be disputed. By the end of the fourth century the Presbyter (author of 2 and 3 John) was thought to be a different person than the Apostle John. This opinion, although reported by
442:
857:
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he is likely not a member of it, since otherwise the Elder would not need to provide him with information about
Diotrephes's activities. The dispute between Diotrephes and the Elder seems to be based on church leadership and authority rather than doctrine, since the Elder does not accuse Diotrephes of teaching heresy.
44:
763:
century, when it was accepted into the canon along with the other two epistles of John. The language of 3 John echoes that of the Gospel of John, which is conventionally dated to around AD 90, so the epistle was likely written near the end of the first century. Others contest this view, such as the scholar
912:
those, like Gaius, who welcome missionaries sent by the Elder. In verse 9 the Elder mentions a previous letter which he has written to the church which was suppressed by
Diotrephes, and says that he intends to visit the church and to confront Diotrephes. "The church" is apparently known to Gaius, but
807:
The letter is written to a man named Gaius. Gaius seems to have been a wealthy man, since the epistle's author, who identifies himself only as "the Elder", did not think it would impose unduly on him to host some traveling preachers for a short time. The Elder may have converted Gaius, since he calls
952:
The Elder, before ending the letter, says that he has many other things to tell to Gaius, and plans to make a journey to see him in the near future, using almost the exact language of 2 John 12. The closing verse, "Peace be to you. The friends greet you. Greet the friends, one by one", is typical of
994:
3 John is also linguistically similar to both 2 John and other
Johannine works. Of 99 different words used, 21 are unimportant words like "and" or "the", leaving 78 significant words. 23 of these do not appear in 1 John or the Gospel of John, of which four are unique to 3 John, one is common to 2
786:
There is no doctrine laid out in 3 John, which is strictly a personal letter, but the overall theme is the importance of hospitality, especially when it comes to men who were working to spread the gospel. Third John is the shortest book of the Bible by word count, though 2 John has fewer verses. 3
762:
Early church literature contains no mention of the epistle, with the first reference to it appearing in the middle of the third century AD. This lack of documentation, though likely due to the extreme brevity of the epistle, caused early church writers to doubt its authenticity until the early 5th
990:
There are many similarities between 2 and 3 John. Both follow the format of other personal letters of the era; in both the author self-identifies as "the
Presbyter", a term which literally means "the elder"; and both deal with themes of hospitality and conflict within the church. They are also
1018:
All three letters of John were likely written within a few years of each other, and internal evidence indicates that they were written after the Gospel of John, placing them in the second half of the first century. This dating makes sense given their allusions and opposition to
798:
It is the only New
Testament book which does not contain the names "Jesus" or "Christ". The original Greek uses the term Ὀνόματος (Onomatos, verse 7) generally translated "Name" and referring specifically to the "Name of Jesus", but the text does not say "Jesus" or "Christ".
2080:
924:
The Elder closes this section with an entreaty to Gaius: "Beloved, do not imitate evil but imitate good. Whoever does good is from God; whoever does evil has not seen God." This injunction is reminiscent of several passages in 1 John (2:3–5, 3:4–10, 4:7).
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Most scholars do not connect the letter the Elder mentions with 2 John, since 3 John does not contain any reference to the doctrinal controversy described in 2 John, and argue that the Elder is here referring to a previous letter of recommendation.
853:(Romans 16:23) as Paul's "host" and also host of the whole church, in whatever city Paul is writing from at the time (probably Corinth). However, there is no reason to suppose that any of these men were the Gaius of 3 John.
1098:, and Ethiopian versions contain all three epistles. Between the different copies there are no major difficulties or differences, meaning that there is very little doubt over determining the original text.
1030:
Dodd argues for a date between 96 and 110 A.D., concluding from the absence of references to persecution in the letters that they were probably written after the harsh reign (AD 81–96) of the Roman emperor
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and quoted by
Eusebius which mentions a man named "the Presbyter John". However, since nothing else is known of this individual it is not possible to positively identify him as the author of 3 John.
2522:
1130:
1188:, Origen's pupil, was aware of a "reputed Second or Third Epistle of John". Also around this time 3 John is thought to have been known in North Africa as it was referred to in the
516:
2015:
1042:
The letters do not indicate the location of authorship, but since the earliest quotations of them (in the writings of
Polycarp, Papias, and Irenaeus) come from the province of
485:
888:
The Elder continues the letter by commending Gaius for his loyalty and his hospitality towards a group of traveling "brothers". The "brothers" are brothers in the faith or
1006:
would oppose him since the apostles were highly respected in the early church. One possible alternative view of the epistle's authorship arises from a fragment written by
949:
to Gaius about
Demetrius. Recommendation letters were quite common in the early church, as evidenced by 2 Corinthians 3:1, Romans 16:1–2, and Colossians 4:7–8.
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755:, which had come to preach the gospel in the area where Gaius lived. The purpose of the letter is to encourage and strengthen Gaius, and to warn him against
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6:8–9 have set out on a journey without any money. The Elder then goes on to request that Gaius provide for the brothers to continue their journey.
1141:), quotes 2 John 7 and 8, and in the next sentence 1 John 4:1, 2, but does not distinguish between 1 and 2 John; he does not quote from 3 John. The
478:
372:
1277:
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522:
3006:
3001:
987:, "If we attempt to ... identify the anonymous author of these epistles with some known individual, we have little but surmise to go on."
876:
This verse, where the author wishes material prosperity upon Gaius similar to the prosperity of his soul, is a commonly used proof text within
400:
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produced by the
Seventh Council of Carthage. There was doubt about the authority of 3 John, however, with Eusebius listing it and 2 John as "
921:, however, argues the Elder is in fact referring to 2 John, since there is overlap between 2 John 9 and the theme of hospitality in 3 John.
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2707:
778:. The epistle is found in many of the oldest New Testament manuscripts, and its text is free of major discrepancies or textual variants.
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seems to refer to two letters of John only, though it is possible to interpret it as referring to three. 1 John is extensively cited by
2813:
677:
471:
210:
945:, Jordan). Demetrius was probably a member of the group of missionaries discussed earlier in the letter, and 3 John likely serves as a
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340:
1082:, while missing most of the Catholic epistles, contains 3 John 11–15 in Latin translation. In languages other than Greek, the
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wrote a commentary on all three epistles, showing that by the early 5th century they were being considered as a single unit.
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as being one of only a few people there (the others being Crispus and the household of Stephanas) who were baptised by
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teaching, which denied the full humanity of Jesus, and which was gaining ascendancy at the end of the first century.
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1046:, it is likely that the epistles were also written in Asia. Church tradition typically places them in the city of
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knew of both 2 and 3 John, however Origen is reported as saying "all do not consider them genuine". Similarly,
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and the other two epistles of John. The Third Epistle of John is a personal letter sent by "the elder" (the
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and Papias, but the earliest definitive references to the epistles come from the late second century.
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teachings; opponents of the prosperity gospel consider the verse to be little more than well-wishing.
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The name Gaius occurs four other times in the New Testament. First, a Christian Gaius is mentioned in
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There are some doubtful similarities between passages in the Johannine epistles and the writings of
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extremely similar in length, probably because they were both written to fit on one papyrus sheet.
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Beloved, I pray that you may prosper in all things and be in health, just as your soul prospers.
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as well. This individual may have been John the Evangelist himself or someone else, perhaps
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3 John is preserved in many of the old manuscripts of the New Testament. Of the Greek
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The Third General Epistle of John from Kretzmann's Popular Commentary of the Bible
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The Third Epistle of the Apostle John: Exegesis and Commentary by Luke C. Werre
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1911:. The New International Commetry on the New Testament. William B. Eerdmans.
1157:. All three Johannine epistles were recognized by the 39th festal letter of
1035:, whose persecution of Christians seems to have prompted the writing of the
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is named as one of Paul's seven traveling companions who waited for him at
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1:14). Lastly, a Gaius is referred to in a final greeting portion of the
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If 3 John was written by John the Apostle, however, it is strange that
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Verse 12 introduces another man named Demetrius, who according to the
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The first reference to 3 John is in the middle of the third century;
1153:, in addition to quoting 1 John, wrote a commentary on 2 John in his
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61:
1846:. International Critical Commentary. New York: C. Scribner's Sons.
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2220:
1973:. Abingdon New Testament Commentaries. Abingdon Press, Nashville.
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3 John was almost certainly written by the same author who wrote
774:. The location of writing is unknown, but tradition places it in
2189:
2030:. Translated by Reginald and Ilse Fuller. New York: Crossroads.
1843:
A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Johannine Epistles
43:
825:
as a traveling companion of Paul, along with Aristarchus (
759:, who refuses to cooperate with the author of the letter.
908:, who does not acknowledge the Elder's authority and is
2070:
Kirby, Peter. "3 John." Early Christian Writings. 2006:
818:, though there is no early support for this statement.
1867:. Anchor Bible, 30. Garden City, New York: Doubleday.
735:
and the Christian Bible as a whole, and attributed to
1241:(which is also its most common form of abbreviation).
837:(Acts 20:4). Next, a Gaius is mentioned residing in
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1860:
957:" a greeting adopted by Christians from the Jews.
2014:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
999:held that 2 John was a forgery based on 3 John.
739:, traditionally thought to be the author of the
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1562:
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814:VII.46.9 records that Gaius was made bishop of
2125:by Colin Kruse (Preview at Google Book Search)
1078:contains 3 John 3–15 along with 1 John 1:1–4.
2201:
1266:. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2018. p. 1026.
1215:Textual variants in the Third Epistle of John
708:
479:
8:
1941:. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturical Press.
1664:
1662:
1398:
1396:
1353:
1351:
1074:contain all three Johannine epistles, while
892:, who in accordance with Jesus's command in
2004:. Archived from the original on 2007-11-20.
1108:Development of the Christian biblical canon
937:VII.46.9 was ordained by John as bishop of
904:The Elder next describes his conflict with
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2072:3 John: text, on-line and print resources
1332:"Word counts for every book of the Bible"
1889:. London: Hodder and Stoughton Limited.
829:19:29). One chapter later, a Gaius from
1253:
1226:
845:, who founded the Church in that city (
656:
628:
588:
534:
509:
32:
2007:
860:Japanese translation of 3 John (1904)
7:
2039:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans.
1937:(2002). Daniel J. Harrington (ed.).
808:Gaius his "child" in the faith. The
52:, showing 2 Cor 11:33–12:9
3140:Other books referenced in the Bible
3099:New Testament manuscript categories
1302:from the original on April 21, 2022
953:contemporary correspondence, with "
787:John has 15 verses in the critical
678:Holy Spirit in Johannine literature
2670:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
1280:from the original on June 3, 2021.
14:
1233:The book is sometimes called the
967:Authorship of the Johannine works
731:is the third-to-last book of the
2075:
1707:Rensberger, 29–30; Brooke, lviii
515:
452:
440:
42:
3155:Biblical and Quranic narratives
1994:. Wipf & Stock Publishers.
688:New Testament people named John
683:John's vision of the Son of Man
1330:Kranz, Jeffrey (29 May 2014).
983:, though according to scholar
929:Final greetings and conclusion
48:Papyrus 46, one of the oldest
1:
1962:. Cambridge University Press.
1320:John A. T. Robinson, chap. IX
1135:
768:
2064:Read 3 John at Bible Gateway
1477:Painter, 374–375; Stott, 227
1186:Pope Dionysius of Alexandria
1014:Date and location of writing
3214:2nd-century Christian texts
2083:public domain audiobook at
1988:Robinson, J. A. T. (1976).
1677:Dodd, xxviii–lxix, lxx–lxxi
3250:
3135:English Bible translations
2523:Song of the Three Children
1991:Redating the New Testament
1336:The Overview Bible Project
1292:"Bible Book Abbreviations"
1105:
964:
3173:
2174:
2161:
2153:
2136:
2092:Easton's Bible Dictionary
1369:: SBL Greek New Testament
1167:Council of Carthage (397)
1112:Christian biblical canons
1076:Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus
803:Greeting and introduction
523:Saint John the Evangelist
406:New Testament manuscripts
16:Book of the New Testament
2035:Stott, J. R. W. (1964).
1959:The Epistles of St. John
900:Opposition of Diotrephes
2997:Intertestamental period
1967:Rensberger, D. (1997).
1827:Brooke, lxii; Brown, 12
1495:Dodd, 160; Painter, 363
1149:, who died in 215, and
935:Apostolic Constitutions
811:Apostolic Constitutions
789:SBL Greek New Testament
459:Christianity portal
2981:Apocalyptic literature
2618:Paralipomena of Baruch
2138:Third Epistle of John
2129:Johannine bibliography
2028:The Jonannine Epistles
1970:1 John, 2 John, 3 John
1887:The Johannine Epistles
1840:Brooke, A. E. (1912).
1809:Brown, 11; Brooke, lix
1647:Schnackenburg, 268–269
1190:Sententiae Episcoporum
861:
767:, who dates 3 John to
3209:Third Epistle of John
3145:Additional Scriptures
3109:New Testament uncials
2024:Schnackenburg, Rudolf
1859:Brown, R. E. (1982).
1151:Clement of Alexandria
947:recommendation letter
859:
851:Epistle to the Romans
729:Third Epistle of John
3224:Johannine literature
3130:Bible version debate
3104:New Testament papyri
3050:Samaritan Pentateuch
2675:Testament of Abraham
2613:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
2037:The Epistles of John
1956:Plummer, A. (1890).
1908:The Epistles of John
1863:The Epistles of John
1566:Brooke, lxxiii, lxxv
1296:Logos Bible Software
1235:Third Letter of John
1060:great uncial codices
1008:Papias of Hierapolis
536:Johannine literature
416:Johannine literature
117:Acts of the Apostles
50:New Testament papyri
3229:New Testament books
3072:Muratorian fragment
3007:New Testament canon
3002:Old Testament canon
2895:Chapters and verses
2513:Additions to Daniel
2479:Additions to Esther
2123:The Letters of John
2058:Online translations
791:text, or 14 in the
765:John A. T. Robinson
737:John the Evangelist
666:Johannine community
401:New Testament canon
2685:Testament of Jacob
2680:Testament of Isaac
2565:Prayer of Manasseh
2528:Bel and the Dragon
2508:Letter of Jeremiah
2170:Books of the Bible
2066:(various versions)
1743:Schnackenburg, 274
1638:Schnackenburg, 270
1096:Philoxenian Syriac
1037:Book of Revelation
981:John the Presbyter
862:
629:Related literature
327:Book of Revelation
3219:Catholic epistles
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3165:Textual criticism
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2727:
2652:Psalms of Solomon
2595:Orthodox Tewahedo
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2183:
2175:Succeeded by
2167:
1381:: Textus Receptus
1273:978-1-4335-6343-0
1171:Didymus the Blind
1131:Adversus Haereses
1102:Canonical history
878:prosperity gospel
747:) to a man named
725:
724:
510:John in the Bible
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426:Pastoral epistles
259:Catholic epistles
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3045:Dead Sea Scrolls
3027:Dating the Bible
2905:Historical books
2542:Eastern Orthodox
2455:Eastern Orthodox
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2087:Various versions
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1939:1, 2, and 3 John
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411:Synoptic Gospels
381:Petrine epistles
368:Pauline epistles
143:Pauline epistles
74:Four Evangelists
46:
21:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3169:
3113:
3031:
3022:Christian canon
2985:
2920:Prophetic books
2883:
2814:2 Thessalonians
2809:1 Thessalonians
2724:
2691:
2656:
2627:
2589:
2548:
2534:
2462:
2434:
2433:
2425:
2236:
2232:
2223:
2214:
2180:
2168:
2159:
2149:
2139:
2076:
2055:
2034:
2022:
2006:
2002:
1987:
1981:
1966:
1955:
1949:
1933:
1919:
1901:
1881:
1875:
1858:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1779:Marshall, 48–49
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1406:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1377:
1373:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1349:
1340:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1303:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1274:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1206:
1169:. Additionally
1138:
1118:
1106:Main articles:
1104:
1056:
1016:
997:Rudolf Bultmann
969:
963:
955:Peace be to you
931:
910:excommunicating
902:
886:
867:
805:
793:Textus Receptus
784:
772: AD 60–65
771:
721:
692:
652:
624:
584:
530:
492:
463:
451:
441:
439:
431:
430:
396:
395:
386:
385:
377:
361:
357:Johannine works
344:
343:
332:
331:
318:
315:
304:
283:
255:
247:
231:
215:
211:2 Thessalonians
206:1 Thessalonians
199:
183:
167:
138:
137:
122:
121:
106:
103:
69:
68:
53:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3247:
3245:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3201:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3160:Synod of Hippo
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3094:Masoretic Text
3091:
3086:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2930:Minor prophets
2927:
2925:Major prophets
2917:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2703:Pseudepigrapha
2699:
2697:
2696:Classification
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2666:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2642:Psalms 152–155
2638:
2636:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2510:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2296:1–2 Chronicles
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2225:
2224:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2190:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2140:
2137:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2097:
2096:
2088:
2073:
2067:
2054:
2053:External links
2051:
2050:
2049:
2032:
2020:
2000:
1985:
1979:
1964:
1953:
1947:
1931:
1917:
1903:Marshall I. H.
1899:
1879:
1873:
1856:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1820:
1811:
1802:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1725:Plummer, 63–64
1718:
1709:
1700:
1698:Rensberger, 30
1688:
1679:
1670:
1658:
1656:Brown, 100–101
1649:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1524:
1515:
1513:3 John 11, ESV
1506:
1497:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1461:
1447:
1438:
1427:
1425:Stott, 217–218
1418:
1404:
1392:
1383:
1371:
1359:
1347:
1322:
1313:
1283:
1272:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1205:
1202:
1194:disputed books
1163:Synod of Hippo
1116:Biblical canon
1103:
1100:
1055:
1052:
1015:
1012:
965:Main article:
962:
959:
930:
927:
901:
898:
885:
882:
874:
873:
866:
863:
804:
801:
783:
780:
741:Gospel of John
723:
722:
720:
719:
712:
705:
697:
694:
693:
691:
690:
685:
680:
675:
668:
662:
659:
658:
654:
653:
651:
650:
645:
640:
634:
631:
630:
626:
625:
623:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
596:
593:
592:
586:
585:
583:
582:
581:
580:
570:
569:
568:
563:
558:
548:
542:
539:
538:
532:
531:
520:
512:
511:
507:
506:
505:of articles on
494:
493:
491:
490:
483:
476:
468:
465:
464:
462:
461:
449:
436:
433:
432:
429:
428:
423:
413:
408:
403:
397:
394:Related topics
393:
392:
391:
388:
387:
384:
383:
378:
376:
375:
370:
364:
362:
360:
359:
354:
348:
345:
339:
338:
337:
334:
333:
330:
329:
323:
322:
317:
316:
314:
313:
307:
305:
303:
302:
297:
292:
286:
284:
282:
281:
276:
270:
268:
262:
261:
254:
253:
248:
246:
245:
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234:
232:
230:
229:
224:
218:
216:
214:
213:
208:
202:
200:
198:
197:
192:
186:
184:
182:
181:
176:
170:
168:
166:
165:
160:
154:
152:
146:
145:
139:
129:
128:
127:
124:
123:
120:
119:
113:
112:
105:
104:
102:
101:
96:
91:
86:
80:
77:
76:
70:
60:
59:
58:
55:
54:
47:
39:
38:
30:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3246:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2777:2 Corinthians
2775:
2773:
2772:1 Corinthians
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2734:New Testament
2731:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:New Testament
2713:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2623:Broader canon
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2336:Song of Songs
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2234:Old Testament
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2199:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2179:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2165:New Testament
2158:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2081:Bible: 3 John
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2003:
2001:1-57910-527-0
1997:
1993:
1992:
1986:
1982:
1980:9780687057221
1976:
1972:
1971:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1935:Painter, John
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1918:9780802825186
1914:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1874:9780385056861
1870:
1865:
1864:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1824:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1522:Dodd, 165–166
1519:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1263:ESV Pew Bible
1257:
1254:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:Adumbrationes
1152:
1148:
1144:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1000:
998:
992:
988:
986:
982:
978:
975:, and likely
974:
968:
960:
958:
956:
950:
948:
944:
940:
936:
928:
926:
922:
920:
914:
911:
907:
899:
897:
895:
891:
883:
881:
879:
872:
869:
868:
864:
858:
854:
852:
848:
847:1 Corinthians
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
819:
817:
813:
812:
802:
800:
796:
794:
790:
781:
779:
777:
766:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:New Testament
730:
718:
713:
711:
706:
704:
699:
698:
696:
695:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
673:
669:
667:
664:
663:
661:
660:
655:
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646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
635:
633:
632:
627:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
597:
595:
594:
591:
587:
579:
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2910:Wisdom books
2888:Subdivisions
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2506: /
2431:Deuterocanon
2351:Lamentations
2331:Ecclesiastes
2238:(protocanon)
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1800:Brown, 11–12
1784:
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1734:Brooke, lxiv
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1686:Marshall, 48
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1629:Brown, 15–16
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1545:Painter, 380
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1445:Painter, 371
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1357:Painter, 361
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648:Signs Gospel
565:
521:
299:
33:Books of the
18:
3188:WikiProject
3066:Diatessaron
3037:Manuscripts
2990:Development
2792:Philippians
2662:Beta Israel
2580:4 Maccabees
2575:3 Maccabees
2489:2 Maccabees
2484:1 Maccabees
2266:Deuteronomy
2157:Second John
1883:Dodd, C. H.
1761:Brown, 9–10
1716:Dodd, lxvii
1602:Painter, 56
1584:Painter, 52
1575:Dodd, lxix.
1379:3 John 1:14
1367:3 John 1:15
1080:Codex Bezae
1054:Manuscripts
528:Domenichino
190:Philippians
3203:Categories
3125:Authorship
3055:Septuagint
2900:Pentateuch
2879:Revelation
2803:Laodiceans
2797:Colossians
2286:1–2 Samuel
1948:0814658121
1668:Brown, 101
1620:Dodd, lxvi
1611:Dodd, lxii
1435:3 John 1:2
1402:Stott, 217
1390:Brown, 727
1341:2014-10-31
1249:References
1180:says that
1159:Athanasius
1147:Tertullian
1139: 180
1064:Sinaiticus
1062:, codices
1044:Asia Minor
1004:Diotrephes
985:C. H. Dodd
961:Authorship
906:Diotrephes
757:Diotrephes
638:Apocryphon
610:Evangelist
590:Authorship
573:Revelation
341:Authorship
321:Apocalypse
195:Colossians
135:Apocalypse
110:Lukan Acts
2964:Johannine
2824:2 Timothy
2819:1 Timothy
2787:Ephesians
2782:Galatians
2570:Psalm 151
2438:apocrypha
2416:Zechariah
2406:Zephaniah
2291:1–2 Kings
2256:Leviticus
2045:814439581
2010:cite book
1818:Brown, 11
1788:Brown, 10
1770:Dodd, xiv
1593:Dodd, 155
1554:Dodd, 168
1536:Dodd, 166
1486:Dodd, 165
1459:Dodd, 160
1416:Dodd, 156
1306:April 21,
1072:Vaticanus
823:Macedonia
753:Demetrius
745:presbyter
620:Presbyter
352:Luke-Acts
227:2 Timothy
222:1 Timothy
179:Ephesians
174:Galatians
3178:Category
3077:Peshitta
2974:Catholic
2969:Pastoral
2954:Epistles
2947:Synoptic
2834:Philemon
2647:2 Baruch
2634:Peshitta
2608:Jubilees
2560:2 Esdras
2555:1 Esdras
2450:Catholic
2401:Habakkuk
2346:Jeremiah
2326:Proverbs
2306:Nehemiah
2085:LibriVox
2026:(1992).
1905:(1978).
1885:(1946).
1752:Brown, 5
1300:Archived
1278:Archived
1204:See also
1178:Eusebius
1165:and the
1126:Irenaeus
1122:Polycarp
1092:Armenian
1086:and the
1033:Domitian
816:Pergamon
657:See also
551:Epistles
503:a series
501:Part of
420:epistles
243:Philemon
131:Epistles
26:a series
24:Part of
3150:Studies
3118:Related
3089:Vulgate
2959:Pauline
2937:Gospels
2854:2 Peter
2849:1 Peter
2839:Hebrews
2742:Matthew
2632:Syriac
2518:Susanna
2421:Malachi
2381:Obadiah
2356:Ezekiel
2261:Numbers
2246:Genesis
2219:of the
2146:Epistle
2143:General
1927:3609574
1088:Sahidic
1084:Vulgate
1048:Ephesus
1025:docetic
1021:Gnostic
865:Verse 2
839:Corinth
782:Content
776:Ephesus
600:Apostle
373:Hebrews
279:2 Peter
274:1 Peter
251:Hebrews
84:Matthew
62:Gospels
3183:Portal
3060:Targum
2869:3 John
2864:2 John
2859:1 John
2767:Romans
2720:Jewish
2545:Others
2504:Baruch
2499:Sirach
2494:Wisdom
2474:Judith
2459:Others
2411:Haggai
2361:Daniel
2341:Isaiah
2321:Psalms
2311:Esther
2276:Judges
2271:Joshua
2251:Exodus
2094:, 1897
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1998:
1977:
1945:
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1895:384916
1893:
1871:
1852:355394
1850:
1270:
1239:3 John
1198:Jerome
1182:Origen
1161:, the
1114:, and
1070:, and
977:1 John
973:2 John
615:Patmos
578:Events
561:Second
546:Gospel
300:3 John
295:2 John
290:1 John
150:Romans
2844:James
2829:Titus
2603:Enoch
2469:Tobit
2396:Nahum
2391:Micah
2386:Jonah
2366:Hosea
2221:Bible
2217:Books
2117:Other
1221:Notes
943:Amman
941:(now
835:Troas
831:Derbe
749:Gaius
672:Logos
566:Third
556:First
266:James
238:Titus
2942:List
2874:Jude
2762:Acts
2757:John
2752:Luke
2747:Mark
2708:list
2585:Odes
2376:Amos
2371:Joel
2301:Ezra
2281:Ruth
2178:Jude
2041:OCLC
2016:link
1996:ISBN
1975:ISBN
1943:ISBN
1923:OCLC
1913:ISBN
1891:OCLC
1869:ISBN
1848:OCLC
1308:2022
1268:ISBN
1023:and
894:Mark
843:Paul
827:Acts
727:The
643:Acts
311:Jude
133:and
99:John
94:Luke
89:Mark
66:Acts
64:and
2435:and
2316:Job
1128:in
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2012:}}
2008:{{
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