602:
590:
1418:: "SS had no fabric for the production of new prison clothing. Instead they drove truckloads of coats, dresses, underwear and shoes that had once belonged to those gassed in the east, to Ravensbrück. The clothes of the murdered people were sorted, and at first crosses were cut out, and fabric of another color sewn underneath. The prisoners walked around like sheep marked for slaughter. The crosses would impede escape. Later they spared themselves this cumbersome procedure and painted with oil paint broad, white crosses on the coats." (translated from the Swedish edition: Margarete Buber-Neumann
134:
39:
174:), and a few former prisoner-functionaries who had tortured or mistreated other inmates. In total, 38 defendants were tried in these seven trials; 21 of the defendants were women. One of the defendants died during the trial. Twenty of the defendants received death sentences. One defendant was reprieved while two others committed suicide before they could be executed. The remaining 17 death sentences relating to these trials were carried out on the
543:
652:
Ravensbrück women's camp. Camp administration was provided by the
Ravensbrück main camp. In January 1945, the prison for juveniles was closed although the gassing infrastructure was subsequently used for the extermination of "sick, no longer efficient, and over 52 years old women" from Ravensbrück.
651:
The
Uckermark subcamp was located about one mile from the Ravensbrück concentration camp. It was opened in May 1942 as a prison or parallel concentration camp for teenage girls aged 16 to 21 dubbed criminal or "difficult" by the SS. Girls who reached the upper age limit were transferred back to the
562:
testified in favor of Treite at the trial saying that Treite "was the only man who was human, the only man who looked after the sick people as a doctor should look after them." The outspoken
Lindell also criticized the judge advocate, "who was partial and objectionable, had taken on the cross
747:
The fourth trial was held from May to June 8, 1948. The accused were all members of the medical staff of the camp at
Ravensbrück, including one inmate who had worked as a nurse. The charges again centered on mistreatment, torture, and sending to gas chambers of women of Allied nationality.
205:
The first
Ravensbrück trial was held from December 5, 1946 until February 3, 1947, against 16 Ravensbrück concentration camp staff and officials. All of them were found guilty. One died during trial. The death sentences (except for Salvequart) were carried out on May 2 and 3, 1947.
581:
Friedrich Opitz (below, see the Second
Ravensbrück trial), escaped from prison prior to the first trial. The first two of them were apprehended under assumed names in 1949. They were handed over to French authorities, who were conducting another Ravensbrück trial in
168:. These trials were heard before a military tribunal; the three to five judges at these trials were British officers, assisted by a lawyer. The defendants included concentration camp personnel of all levels: SS officers, camp doctors, male guards, female guards (
622:
age 49, a clothing factory leader in the camp employed there from June 1940 till April 1945. He was recaptured after his earlier escape from prison along with Fritz Suhren and Hans Pflaum (see above). During trial, he was convicted of beating women with
1208:
631:
for (what he called) "being useless", as well as of kicking at least one Czech female inmate, causing death. He also encouraged his guards to do the same. Opitz received a death sentence, which was carried out on
January 26, 1948.
739:
only while it was still a juveniles camp, and there were no Allied women there at that time; the camp was exclusively for German girls, whose fate or treatment was outside the remit of the tribunal.
955:(female camp wardens) were tried from July 2 to 21, 1948. The charges were mistreatment of inmates of Allied nationality and participation in the selection of inmates for the gas chamber.
563:
examination of witnesses himself and prevented other questions from being put which might have been in favour of the accused." Nevertheless, Triete was sentenced to death.
601:
1345:
589:
640:
In the third
Ravensbrück trial, the so-called "Uckermark trial" which took place from April 14 to 26, 1948, five female camp officials of the satellite
586:
at that time; both men were sentenced to death in that trial and executed by firing squad on June 12, 1950. Opitz faced trial in
November 1947.
1640:
1625:
1505:
1222:
1276:
161:
840:
members were accused of having killed Allied inmates. It lasted from June 16 to 29, 1948. The judgments were handed down on July 15.
1583:
1575:
1451:
1415:
594:
157:
627:, belts and fists, starving them for missing the quota, keeping them outside in very long roll-calls, and sending them to the
1217:]. Reviewed by Ljiljana Heise, Friedrich Meinecke Institute of the Free University of Berlin. Berlin: Metropol Verlag.
1098:
550:
Percival Treite, a half-British medical doctor at
Ravensbrück, was defended by a dozen former female prisoners, including
1266:
1126:
1069:
641:
551:
397:
1359:
1149:
1114:
275:
270:
1650:
1645:
1108:
1088:
531:
512:
493:
247:
1665:
1660:
1655:
989:
252:
900:
This trial lasted from July 1 to 26, 1948. Both defendants were accused of having mistreated Allied inmates.
1403:
624:
1358:. Fakultät I Geisteswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Berlin. pp. 35, 65, 253. Archived from
358:
1015:
1185:
1441:
525:
1620:
G. Álvarez, Mónica. "Guardianas Nazis. El lado femenino del mal" (Spanish). Madrid: Grupo Edaf, 2012.
644:, were indicted for the mistreatment of women and the participation in the selection of women for the
1437:
1041:
619:
455:
374:
804:
335:
293:
881:
868:
471:
230:
930:
817:
791:
765:
618:
In the second Ravensbrück trial, which lasted from November 5 to 27, 1947, the only defendant was
1468:
1378:
1352:
On the self-image of female prisoners in the concentration camp environment. The camp Ravensbrück
1293:
1239:
574:
183:
917:
1621:
1571:
1539:
1501:
1447:
1423:
1411:
1272:
1218:
1094:
1614:
1160:
1131:
695:
542:
319:
1541:
Gerda GANZER. Includes 6 photographs depicting: German war criminal: Gerda Ganzer, life...
1480:
1390:
1316:
1305:
1251:
1155:
1120:
1101:
personnel, held in Poland and in Germany. The cases were decided almost twenty years apart
1061:
682:
506:
1210:
NS-Täterschaft und Geschlecht. Der erste britische Ravensbrück-Prozess 1946/47 in Hamburg
778:
708:
669:
555:
433:
379:
179:
17:
1215:
Nazi perpetrators and gender. The first British Ravensbrück process 1946/47 in Hamburg
133:
38:
1634:
1567:
1141:
1104:
1028:
972:
825:
Death; commuted to life imprisonment, then 21 years, then 12 years, released in 1955
413:
340:
298:
153:
1554:
609:
arrive to Ravensbrück in April 1945. The white paint marks shows they are prisoners.
498:
Death; committed suicide on April 9, 1947, before the sentence could be carried out
389:
Death; committed suicide on April 8, 1947, before the sentence could be carried out
1080:
1075:
721:
570:
559:
165:
1495:
1135:
1002:
645:
628:
487:
44:
716:
Life imprisonment; commuted to 21 years in 1950; released on February 26, 1954
1584:
Zum Selbstverständnis von Frauen im Konzentrationslager: das Lager Ravensbrück
1347:
Zum Selbstverständnis von Frauen im Konzentrationslager. Das Lager Ravensbrück
951:
194:
170:
149:
138:
86:
48:
1588:
606:
1065:
1596:
938:
10 years imprisonment; released September 26, 1954 for medical reasons
799:
10 years imprisonment; released on January 1, 1951 for medical reasons
583:
305:
175:
66:
53:
1123:, the longest Nazi war crimes trial in history, spanning over 30 years
1084:
1145:
600:
588:
1565:
Opfer und Täterinnen. Frauenbiographien des Nationalsozialismus.
558:, who wrote letters to the court favorable to him. Ex-prisoner
735:
Braach and Toberentz were acquitted because they had worked at
1592:
137:
The first Ravensbrück trial, 1947. The sentencing, Hamburg,
1087:
District Court in the mid-1960s of the eight SS-men of the
837:
1179:
1177:
463:
10 years imprisonment; released on February 26, 1952
957:
902:
842:
750:
654:
208:
1494:Bazyler, Michael J.; Tuerkheimer, Frank M. (2014).
876:2 years imprisonment; released on October 28, 1949
812:4 years imprisonment; released on February 3, 1951
115:
73:
61:
29:
1408:Under Two Dictators. Prisoner of Stalin and Hitler
1188:. Cyber encyclopedia of Jewish history and culture
889:20 years imprisonment; released on August 3, 1954
536:10 years imprisonment; released December 21, 1951
1117:running from December 20, 1963 to August 19, 1965
703:10 years imprisonment; released on June 14, 1952
674:Criminal inspector; warden in the juvenile's camp
1613:; Bibliotheks- und Informationssystem der Univ.
700:Assistant Chief warden of the extermination camp
327:15 years imprisonment; released on May 20, 1954
285:15 years imprisonment; released on May 22, 1954
52:surrounded by uniformed Allied guards at trial,
8:
1265:Ulf Schmidt, Patricia Heberer (ed.) (2008).
1068:, Poland in 1947 against 40 SS-staff of the
925:15 years imprisonment; released May 7, 1955
546:The trial judges of the KL Ravensbrück crew
405:Died during the trial on February 1, 1947
26:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1271:. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 139–145.
1134:of the 23 most important leaders of the
566:Three more defendants, the camp leader,
541:
132:
1173:
164:in Germany in Hamburg after the end of
1476:
1466:
1386:
1376:
1312:
1301:
1291:
1247:
1237:
1107:, held within the walls of the former
1036:Death; executed on September 20, 1948
1010:Death; executed on September 20, 1948
863:Death; executed on September 17, 1948
786:Death; executed September on 17, 1948
773:Death; executed September on 17, 1948
726:Chief warden of the extermination camp
160:that the British authorities held in
7:
605:Female prisoners gathered when the
189:All seven trials took place at the
1148:, Germany in 1965, concerning the
1023:Acquitted due to lack of evidence
997:Acquitted due to lack of evidence
687:Camp leader of the juvenile's camp
25:
1497:Forgotten Trials of the Holocaust
1344:Silke Schäfer (6 February 2002).
729:Death; executed on July 29, 1948
1611:Angeklagt: SS-Frauen vor Gericht
713:Warden of the extermination camp
517:Death; executed on June 2, 1947
156:against camp officials from the
37:
1555:Ravensbrück concentration camp.
1526:
1500:. NYU Press. pp. 147–149.
1186:"Ravensbrück Trial (1946–1947)"
1184:Jewish Virtual Library (2014).
479:Death; executed on May 3, 1947
447:Death; executed on May 3, 1947
425:Death; executed on May 2, 1947
366:Death; executed on May 3, 1947
350:Death; executed on May 3, 1947
311:Death; executed on May 3, 1947
262:Death; executed on May 3, 1947
239:Death; executed on May 3, 1947
1443:The Hamburg Ravensbrück Trials
990:Anna Friederike Mathilde Klein
158:Ravensbrück concentration camp
1:
1563:Ebbinghaus, Angelika (1987);
271:Heinrich Peters (SS-Mitglied)
1127:Mauthausen-Gusen camp trials
1070:Auschwitz concentration camp
642:Uckermark concentration camp
552:Special Operations Executive
1420:Fånge hos Hitler och Stalin
573:, along with "work leader"
248:Gustav Binder (SS-Mitglied)
1682:
1641:Hamburg Ravensbrück trials
1558:Female Nazi war criminals.
1446:. NYU Press. p. 148.
1150:Sobibor extermination camp
1115:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
1099:Chełmno extermination camp
966:
963:
960:
911:
908:
905:
851:
848:
845:
836:In the fifth trial, three
759:
756:
753:
663:
660:
657:
220:
217:
214:
193:in the Hamburg quarter of
146:Hamburg Ravensbrück trials
91:November 5, 1947
77:December 5, 1946
31:Hamburg Ravensbrück trials
1109:Dachau concentration camp
1089:Belzec extermination camp
36:
1268:The Scars of Ravensbrück
1207:Kretzer, Anette (2009).
597:performing labor in 1939
418:Assistant Chief warden (
101:April 14, 1948
1560:Capital Punishment U.K.
1404:Margarete Buber-Neumann
1033:Labor Department Warden
1020:Chief Warden of Siemens
439:Labor Department Head (
119:July 21, 1948
18:Third Ravensbrück trial
1570:1987. Reprinted 1996:
1163:in Düsseldorf, Germany
1049:12 years imprisonment
1007:Assistant chief warden
610:
598:
547:
148:were seven trials for
141:
99:(Friedrich Opitz case)
43:In civilian clothing,
984:3 years imprisonment
604:
592:
545:
162:their occupation zone
136:
1438:Frank M. Tuerkheimer
1436:Michael J. Bazyler,
1365:on November 13, 2014
593:Female prisoners at
359:Gerhard Schiedlausky
1599:). In German.
1587:. PhD thesis 2002,
1016:Christine Holthöwer
670:Johanna Braach
472:Elisabeth Marschall
231:Johann Schwarzhuber
182:by British hangman
1617:, 1998. In German.
1424:Natur & Kultur
1363:(Internet Archive)
1304:has generic name (
611:
599:
548:
236:Deputy camp leader
184:Albert Pierrepoint
142:
1626:978-84-414-3240-6
1507:978-1-4798-8606-7
1426:, 1948. Page 176)
1329:Hore, pp. 233–236
1224:978-3-940938-17-6
1053:
1052:
942:
941:
893:
892:
829:
828:
733:
732:
540:
539:
526:Eugenia von Skene
131:
130:
127:(Rotherbaum case)
109:(Uckermark trial)
16:(Redirected from
1673:
1651:Holocaust trials
1646:1940s in Hamburg
1546:
1545:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1491:
1485:
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1427:
1401:
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1245:
1243:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1181:
1161:Treblinka trials
1132:Nuremberg trials
964:Function, Title
958:
909:Function, Title
903:
869:Heinrich Schäfer
849:Function, Title
843:
757:Function, Title
751:
696:Elfriede Mohneke
661:Function, Title
655:
579:Schneidermeister
444:
398:Adolf Winkelmann
383:
344:
320:Martin Hellinger
302:
279:
256:
233:
218:Function, Title
209:
126:
124:
108:
106:
98:
96:
84:
82:
41:
32:
27:
21:
1681:
1680:
1676:
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1672:
1671:
1670:
1666:1948 in Germany
1661:1947 in Germany
1656:1946 in Germany
1631:
1630:
1606:
1595:file, 741
1553:Richard Clark,
1550:
1549:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1527:Ebbinghaus 1987
1525:
1521:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1493:
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1488:
1475:
1465:
1458:
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1259:
1246:
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1227:
1225:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1170:
1156:Stutthof trials
1121:Majdanek trials
1083:before the 1st
1062:Auschwitz trial
1058:
1042:Ilse Vettermann
947:
898:
834:
745:
683:Lotte Toberentz
638:
620:Friedrich Opitz
616:
568:Lagerkommandant
507:Vera Salvequart
456:Margarete Mewes
438:
377:
375:Percival Treite
338:
296:
273:
250:
229:
203:
122:
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94:
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57:
30:
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15:
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1602:
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1579:
1561:
1548:
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1519:
1506:
1486:
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1428:
1396:
1331:
1322:
1278:978-0803210844
1277:
1257:
1223:
1199:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1153:
1139:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1102:
1095:Chełmno trials
1092:
1078:
1073:
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1050:
1047:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1031:
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992:
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985:
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979:Oberaufseherin
977:Chief warden (
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965:
962:
946:
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813:
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805:Liesbeth Krzok
801:
800:
797:
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788:
787:
784:
783:Medical doctor
781:
779:Walter Sonntag
775:
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770:Medical doctor
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762:
761:
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755:
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709:Margarete Rabe
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556:Yvonne Baseden
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420:Oberaufseherin
416:
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402:Medical doctor
400:
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391:
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387:
386:Medical doctor
384:
372:
368:
367:
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363:Medical doctor
361:
356:
352:
351:
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347:Medical doctor
345:
336:Rolf Rosenthal
333:
329:
328:
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324:Medical doctor
322:
317:
313:
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309:
303:
294:Ludwig Ramdohr
291:
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180:Hamelin Prison
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42:
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24:
14:
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1598:
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1581:Schäfer, S.;
1580:
1577:
1576:3-596-13094-8
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1453:9781479886067
1449:
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1444:
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1429:
1425:
1422:, Stockholm,
1421:
1417:
1416:9781845951023
1413:
1409:
1405:
1400:
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1392:
1380:
1361:
1353:
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1323:
1318:
1307:
1302:|author=
1295:
1280:
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1269:
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1253:
1241:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1203:
1200:
1187:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1142:Sobibor trial
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1105:Dachau trials
1103:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:death factory
1071:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1029:Ida Schreiter
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
996:
993:
991:
988:
987:
983:
980:
976:
974:
973:Luise Brunner
971:
970:
959:
956:
954:
953:
952:Aufseherinnen
949:Finally, six
944:
937:
934:
932:
929:
928:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
904:
901:
895:
888:
885:
883:
882:Walter Schenk
880:
879:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
862:
859:
857:Arthur Conrad
856:
855:
844:
841:
839:
831:
824:
822:Inmate; Nurse
821:
819:
816:
815:
811:
808:
806:
803:
802:
798:
795:
793:
790:
789:
785:
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1578:. In German.
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1511:. Retrieved
1496:
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1457:. Retrieved
1442:
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1367:. Retrieved
1360:the original
1351:
1346:
1325:
1282:. Retrieved
1267:
1260:
1228:. Retrieved
1214:
1209:
1202:
1190:. Retrieved
1081:Belzec trial
1076:Belsen trial
994:Chief warden
978:
950:
948:
931:Kurt Rauxloh
899:
835:
818:Gerda Ganzer
792:Martha Haake
766:Benno Orendi
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1609:Taake, C.:
1477:|work=
1387:|work=
1313:|work=
1248:|work=
1138:, 1945–1946
1136:Third Reich
1111:, 1945–1948
1003:Emma Zimmer
646:gas chamber
629:gas chamber
595:Ravensbrück
575:Hans Pflaum
488:Carmen Mory
460:Jail warden
434:Greta Bösel
378: [
339: [
297: [
274: [
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65:Curiohaus,
45:Ravensbruck
1635:Categories
1604:Literature
1568:Nördlingen
1544:1948–1955.
1513:2019-01-11
1168:References
1144:, held in
961:Defendant
918:Kurt Lauer
906:Defendant
846:Defendant
754:Defendant
690:Acquitted
677:Acquitted
658:Defendant
625:truncheons
441:Aufseherin
215:Defendant
195:Rotherbaum
150:war crimes
139:Rotherbaum
123:1948-07-21
105:1948-04-14
95:1947-11-05
87:Rotherbaum
81:1946-12-05
1615:Oldenburg
1589:TU Berlin
1529:, p. 287.
1479:ignored (
1469:cite book
1459:6 January
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1294:cite book
1284:6 January
1250:ignored (
1240:cite book
1230:6 January
1192:6 January
1152:officials
967:Sentence
935:SS warden
922:SS warden
912:Sentence
886:SS warden
873:SS warden
860:SS warden
852:Sentence
760:Sentence
737:Uckermark
664:Sentence
607:Red Cross
308:inspector
221:Sentence
191:Curiohaus
69:, Germany
1440:(2014).
1064:held in
1056:See also
530:Inmate;
511:Inmate;
492:Inmate;
111:and more
1097:of the
1091:command
945:Seventh
584:Rastatt
554:agent,
306:Gestapo
176:gallows
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1622:ISBN
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1371:2015
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1273:ISBN
1252:help
1232:2015
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577:and
532:Kapo
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1593:PDF
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