952:
buy shoes. The garrison of the fort observed this and armed a boat with 25 men which, covered by the other merchant ships, approached ours. The admiral's aide, informed of the danger, despite our advice to the contrary, jumped into the boat to flee. It was too late: at that moment, the enemy longboat appeared from behind the Edmond's bow and fired a full volley from just six paces away. Five sailors fell into the sea, dead or wounded; the other three taken prisoner, including the officer wounded by two bullets. We managed to save one of the sailors, throwing him a rope and covering him with the French flag. Unfortunately, the
Peruvians had no squadron, since the Chileans had taken several warships from them for ignominious treason in time of peace
892:, after the Portada de GuĂas disaster, was hidden for a few days in Lima where he later managed to reach Callao despite the siege with the aim of continuing to lead the efforts against those he considered his enemies, both the Restoration Army and the Confederates. His figure was reduced however to a semi-prisoner of the men who defended the port, with mere freedom to speak and write negatively against the Restoration Army and Santa Cruz. In reality, the garrison that was in Callao was defending the fortress because of its loyalty to the confederation and to Santa Cruz.
344:
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164:
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316:
283:
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37:
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Portada de GuĂas, so the solitary
General Nieto abandoned the Callao by means of a foreign ship heading north to form his own army and fight the restorers, but his subtle forces that he managed to gather, including the Civic Battalion of Cajamarca, went entirely to the restorers. With no chance of participating, he went into self-imposed exile in
1038:
pursuit and thus give a decisive battle in positions more favorable to it. Santa Cruz after a month would send detachments of his army to monitor and harass the restorers, then he would advance with the bulk of his army in pursuit of the restorers, reaching and confronting them mainly in Chiquián, Llaclla and
845:
garrison, composed of by 500 soldiers under the command of
Colonel Manuel de la Guarda. When Nieto arrived in Callao with his forces to resist the Restoration Army, his rank was not recognized by Colonel de la Guarda after an altercation that they had due to the attitude of the first in the Battle of
1017:
After the retreat of the restorers under the command of Bulnes, the bulk of the
Confederate army of Santa Cruz occupied Lima. Once in the capital, the protector awarded the defenders of Callao decorations and prizes, also ordering that they be awarded a medal with the inscription "Loyalty and Glory"
984:
battalion. At dawn the next day, two companies of the besieged forces left their forts, escorting some carts loaded with vessels that were intended to supply the defenders. The restorers, observing this, deployed in guerrillas and broke fire on these companies, the fire being immediately answered by
942:
describes as energetic, was not content with harassing the besiegers by land and the garrison having been unable to fire their cannons on the
Chilean ships due to a direct threat from those of the ships' willingness to open fire on them if their ships were damaged in the firefight. He did not waste
925:
attacked Callao only at night; always after midnight we contemplated the moving spectacle of the numerous incandescent bullets crossing the darkness The cavalry combats of the outposts and the exits of the besieged were small, the besiegers did not think of taking the
Fortress by assault since for
908:
The site of the square was limited to a medium-effective siege by land and sea since the restorers did not have the men and materials necessary to undertake an assault on the fortress where the
Confederate troops were garrisoned. The objective of the besiegers was to exhaust and leave the defenders
951:
This categorical declaration had an effect and the garrison was compelled to withstand the attacks from the sea with helpless indignation. A few days after that incident, the
Peruvians had the opportunity to take revenge. The Chilean admiral sent his assistant with seven sailors aboard our ship to
964:
The actions at the site were varied, one of them occurred on
September 18, when the Peruvian garrison of Callao, provided with enough weapons, bravely attacked the Restoration Army's outposts. The army's troops sustained the attack from 7 a.m., with more than 200 cannon shots being fired from the
1037:
The withdrawal of the
Confederates was a decision taken by General Bulnes and in accordance with his staff due to the fact that he found himself in a weak position to fight. The plan now was to advance north of Peru to the provinces that were loyal to him and force the Confederate army to go in
1000:
that prevented an effective blockade and siege of the port. For reasons like these, General Cruz had already told Bulnes the impossibility of completely blocking the castles of the port, pointing out that "it would be better to use forces in a more useful way." After failing all possible
985:
the large infantry and the great artillery pieces of the fortress. The small picket of soldiers from the ValparaĂso battalion, despite being at a disadvantage and alternately enveloped by bullets, resisted and managed to force the besieged forces to retreat into their fortresses.
912:
As the besieging army was camped in a marshy and unhealthy area, the casualties due to illness were numerous, which together with the constant departures of the garrison under the command of Colonel de la Guarda made an effective siege difficult.
1026:. For his part, the Chilean historian Gonzalo Bulnes points out that "Although the picture of the deprivations of the besieging division, will not go down in history adorned with the brilliant colors of
393:
853:
The colonel and now governor of the Plaza Manuel de la Guarda, together with his deputy Colonel Javier Panizo y RamĂrez, with a force of 1,200 defenders and a good number of cannons from the
988:
The siege was already dragging on for too long, and there were several casualties from the fighting and disease in the area. Adding to the pressure, the annoyances of foreign powers such as
922:
722:
806:
1117:, formed by the corvettes "Libertad" and "ValparaĂso", the brig "Aquiles", the schooner "Janequeo" and the brig "Arequipeño", continued to maintain the blockade of Callao.
386:
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any opportunity to attack them with whatever means were within his reach, von Tschudi himself refers to an episode he witnessed while on board the neutral merchant ship
1322:
343:
379:
1138:
989:
869:, would start a siege in the port from August 31 to November 8, 1838, being joined by the already established maritime blockade directed by the Admiral
881:, the fortress still had enough artillery to oppose a serious defense, which together with the limited power of the field cannons of the time that the
431:
980:
On October 13, during the night, Second Lieutenant Manuel Antonio Marin was sent to guard the maritime advance, with a picket of 25 soldiers from the
1022:
and the fall of the confederation, these provisions would be annulled as the Peruvian officers who supported him were discharged from the new
1001:
negotiations and the besieged not having the intention of capitulating, the Restoration Army lifted the siege, leaving Lima and heading for
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which would have a castle engraved on which a red flag would fly as a symbol of the Confederation. However, after the
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Historia militar de Chile, Tomo II. Guerra contra la ConfederaciĂłn PerĂş-boliviana hasta la Guerra Civil de 1891
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1034:, the integrity with which they endured their sufferings and energy will be always worth remembering."
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1042:, achieving little definitive results. On January 20 of the following year, both armies clashed in
917:
The siege of Callao by the Chileans, of which we were witnesses, was not even in part as severe as
921:. The squad was too weak and the army was small. From the sea, Chilean gunboats commanded by the
156:
662:
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1009:'s army of 7000 seats and the intent of avoiding a battle at a tactical disadvantage.
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1296:(in Spanish). Vol. VI. Lima: Libreria Central Portal de Botoneros. p. 177.
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240:
873:. It must be said that although the old Callao cannons had been sold to Spanish
885:
was carrying, it was enough to repel a direct assault by the Restoration Army.
977:
battalion were lost. The losses of the besieged forces however, were greater.
519:
801:. The confederates defeated the restorationist forces, who then retreated to
87:
74:
1259:
Vida de un soldado: Desde la Toma de Valdivia (1820) a la Victoria de Yungay
847:
371:
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36:
1002:
858:
802:
62:
938:
On the other hand, Colonel de la Guarda, whom the Chilean historian
1198:(in Spanish). Santiago de Chile: Editorial Nascimento. p. 394.
899:
782:
193:
182:
145:
140:
1281:. Santiago de Chile: Imprenta Los Tiempos. pp. 218, 229–230.
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after its integration into the confederation on October 20, 1938.
1046:, with the Restoration Army finally defeating the Confederates.
204:
151:
116:
375:
16:
Siege of the port of Callao during the War of the Confederation
909:
without provisions to achieve the capitulation of the square.
1294:
ColecciĂłn de leyes, decretos y Ăłrdenes publicadas en el PerĂş
1246:. Consejo Económico Consultivo Suiza-Perú. pp. 51–52.
1139:"Captura de la Corbeta "Socabaya" (17 de agosto de 1838)"
926:
this they would have had to gather their entire army.
841:had retired to the Callao fortress, who joined the
1084:The country was disputed between the secessionist
1196:Historia de Chile desde la prehistoria hasta 1891
904:Topographic map of Callao, location of the siege.
949:
915:
857:would decide to resist the Restoration Army in
21:
1113:The first naval division under the command of
965:Real Felipe fortress. Three soldiers from the
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18:
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1323:Battles of the War of the Confederation
1279:Historia de la campaña del Perú en 1838
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1005:on November 15, before the advance of
973:battalion and three wounded from the
358:Third siege of Callao (South America)
7:
112:Restorationists retreat to the north
877:commissioners by the government of
785:that took place in 1838 during the
825:and the occupation of Lima by the
14:
1115:Carlos GarcĂa del Postigo Bulnes
1086:Peruvian Republic (of the North)
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1277:Bulnes Pinto, Gonzalo (1878).
1178:Historia del jeneral Salaverry
53:31 August 1838–8 November 1838
1:
1244:Testimonio del Peru 1838-1842
1223:La iniciaciĂłn de la republica
1066:Peruvian Republic (1838–1839)
829:under the command of General
620:Second restoration expedition
1225:. Vol. II. p. 247.
1147:. 2009-07-27. Archived from
491:Confederate naval expedition
455:First restoration expedition
330:Third siege of Callao (Peru)
1090:Peru–Bolivian Confederation
799:Peru–Bolivian Confederation
169:Peru–Bolivian Confederation
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1098:Battle of Portada de GuĂas
1096:ceased to exist after the
861:who, commanded by General
823:Battle of Portada de GuĂas
805:due to the advance of the
589:Roberto Simpson naval raid
419:Blanco Encalada naval raid
258:Several boats and gunboats
1306:Gonzalo Bulnes, 1878: 233
1240:von Tschudi, Johann Jakob
1192:Encina, Francisco Antonio
879:Felipe Santiago Salaverry
871:Carlos GarcĂa del Postigo
850:for the rest of the war.
837:battalion led by General
413:
361:Show map of South America
275:
262:
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199:Carlos GarcĂa del Postigo
174:
128:
88:12.0333306°S 77.1333306°W
45:
34:
26:
1056:War of the Confederation
969:battalion, one from the
958:Johann Jakob von Tschudi
940:Francisco Antonio Encina
932:Johann Jakob von Tschudi
787:War of the Confederation
427:Guayaquil and 1st Callao
405:War of the Confederation
93:-12.0333306; -77.1333306
29:War of the Confederation
1328:Battles involving Chile
867:Juan CrisĂłstomo Torrico
827:United Restoration Army
791:United Restoration Army
234:United Restoration Army
210:Juan CrisĂłstomo Torrico
1333:Battles involving Peru
1257:Molina, Jorge Javier.
1100:, but ceased to exist
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936:
905:
544:RincĂłn de las Casillas
271:Several due to illness
268:Several due to illness
175:Commanders and leaders
1292:Oviedo, Juan (1861).
1208:Basadre 1998, p. 327.
1061:Luis José de Orbegoso
903:
890:Luis José de Orbegoso
865:and later by Colonel
863:JosĂ© MarĂa de la Cruz
779:third siege of Callao
263:Casualties and losses
188:JosĂ© MarĂa de la Cruz
115:Confederates capture
108:Confederate victory:
22:Third siege of Callao
1020:defeat of Santa Cruz
1007:Andrés de Santa Cruz
919:that of the patriots
855:Real Felipe Fortress
811:Andrés de Santa Cruz
302:Location within Lima
299:class=notpageimage|
41:Real Felipe Fortress
833:, 700 men from the
793:, supported by the
222:Manuel de la Guarda
157:Peruvian dissidents
135:United Restoration:
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1261:. p. 204.
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1219:Basadre, Jorge
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1151:on 2011-08-21.
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1180:. p. 33.
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1338:1838 in Peru
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883:Chilean army
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795:Chilean army
789:between the
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602:
474:
241:Chilean army
238:1st division
134:
129:Belligerents
107:
79:77°7′59.99″W
76:12°1′59.99″S
27:Part of the
971:Carampangue
843:Real Felipe
743: [
721: [
709: [
690: [
678: [
661: [
639: [
607: [
572: [
502: [
479: [
442: [
439:San Lorenzo
430: [
254:120 cannons
245:2 corvettes
91: /
1317:Categories
1125:References
982:ValparaĂso
821:After the
817:Background
705:Arequipeño
699:4th Callao
653:3rd Callao
629:2nd Callao
581:Montenegro
564:El Pajonal
511:Talcahuano
469:Paucarpata
247:1 schooner
975:Aconcagua
848:Guayaquil
559:San Diego
529:Humahuaca
475:Peruviana
256:1 shallop
1242:(1966).
1194:(1970).
1094:de facto
1088:and the
1050:See also
996:and the
967:Portales
955:—
929:—
888:General
835:Ayacucho
797:and the
735:Chiquián
658:Matucana
635:Socabaya
554:Zapatera
228:Strength
58:Location
1102:de jure
923:English
875:Carlist
809:led by
718:Samanco
539:Vicuñay
249:2 brigs
1044:Yungay
1032:Yungay
1003:Huacho
994:France
945:Edmond
859:Callao
803:Huacho
781:was a
762:Yungay
730:Cañete
687:Sierpe
464:Cobija
104:Result
63:Callao
1072:Notes
896:Siege
783:siege
757:Casma
747:]
725:]
713:]
694:]
682:]
675:Pisco
670:Piura
665:]
643:]
611:]
597:Islay
576:]
569:Iruya
506:]
483:]
446:]
434:]
146:Chile
1040:Buin
1028:Buin
777:The
752:Buin
117:Lima
67:Peru
50:Date
1030:or
1319::
1267:^
1231:^
1221:.
1141:.
992:,
947:.
813:.
745:es
723:es
711:es
692:es
680:es
663:es
641:es
609:es
574:es
504:es
481:es
444:es
432:es
65:,
395:e
388:t
381:v
243::
236::
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