473:
either considered illegitimate "natives" with a corresponding lack of legal rights, unless legally acknowledged by their father, in which case they were considered "Indos", and their mother lost all rights over them in favor of the father. As a concubine, Nyai
Ontosoro suffers because of her low status and lack of rights, but, significantly, is aware of the injustice of her suffering and believes education is the route by which her basic humanity can be acknowledged. She believes that learning is the key to opposing indignity, stupidity, and poverty. However, the decision to have the children of their relationship legally acknowledged as Herman Mellema's children has catastrophic consequences by the end of the book.
461:(HBS) in an era when only the descendants of the European colonizers can expect to attain this level of education. Minke is a talented young writer whose works are published in several Dutch-language journals and are widely admired. But as a "native", Minke is disliked by many of his fellow-students, who all claim some European descent. He is portrayed as being bold in opposing the injustices imposed upon his fellow Javanese as well as challenging aspects of his own culture.
437:, Pramoedya portrayed the unjust life of the Indonesian people during the Dutch colonization period when social status was governed by the amount of European blood running through their veins. Pramoedya characterized Minke as an outspoken person, who refuses this hierarchical society by becoming a writer instead of a speech-maker, which bears a resemblance to Pramoedya's life who was jailed for two years after carrying anti-Dutch documents and then became a writer.
137:
75:
34:
631:. In the regulation, among other things, were mentioned a letter from Suharto which had been written a week previously, and a meeting with the Minister of the Interior on 18 May 1981. The banning of the book was entirely political and had nothing to do with the books' literary qualities, scholarly arguments nor the official reason that the books were pro-communist.
517:. Nearly all the original manuscript had been detained by the prison officials and had not been returned. For three months he re-composed and sorted through the stained and weather-worn pages to create the manuscript for the book. In the meantime, Hasjim and Joesoef made the rounds of key government officials, including the Vice-President,
620:
publisher to become a member and be involved in its activities. Newspapers which had previously been sympathetic became increasingly reluctant to give space to the author, and there were even several pieces of writing, ready to be published, which were suddenly rejected just because their authors had praised the work of
Pramoedya.
556:, and Australia approached the publishers, Hasta Mitra, for permission to prepare translations. Pramoedya as the author would receive royalties on these translations, while the role of Hasta Mitra was only to act as agents. The Wira Karya publishing house in Malaysia paid royalties of as much as 12% directly to Pramoedya.
559:
By
November, Hasta Mitra had published its third edition, and had sold as many as 10,000 copies. The book was well-received critically, acclaimed as "the best work of literature of our times", while the Armed Forces daily newspaper, published by the headquarters of the Indonesian Armed Forces called
472:
In that period, it was common for women to become the concubines of Dutch men living in the East Indies. They were considered to have low morals because of their status as concubines, even if, as in Nyai
Ontosoro's case, they had no choice in the matter. Their children had uncertain legal status -
468:
Ontosoroh, who is the concubine of a Dutch man called Herman
Mellema. Though she is a concubine, Nyai Ontosoroh is the actual head of family and company as Herman Mellema lost his sanity in the past. Minke falls in love with their daughter, Annelies, whom he eventually marries in an Islamic wedding
895:
has also been made into an
Indonesian language film. On 3 September 2004, Hatoek Soebroto, an Indonesian film producer, along with the Elang Perkasa Corporation signed a contract for the production of the film with the Pramoedya's family's agents. The Elang Perkasa Corporation worked together with
619:
The
Association of Indonesian Publishers (IKAPI), which were organizing an exhibition of the books of that year, suddenly sent a letter to the address of Hasta Mitra, revoking Hasta Mitra's membership in the association, despite the fact that the committee had been enthusiastic about inviting the
597:
youth groups held discussion sessions which criticized the work of
Pramoedya. These discussions were trumpeted by the mass media as evidence of the disapproval of 'the people'. Subsequently, these discussions provided an important justification for the eventual banning of the work by the Attorney
476:
For
Pramoedya, education is the key to changing one's fate. For instance, Nyai Ontosoro, who had no formal schooling and who was educated by her experiences, from books, and from her daily life, was a far more inspiring educator than Minke's high school teachers. However, the book also powerfully
654:, a staff member of the Australian Embassy in Jakarta, was recalled home by the Australian Government. The Ampat Lima company, which had originally printed the two novels also ceased trading because of pressure from the Attorney General's office and the Interior Ministry.
444:
in 1981. Many copies of the first editions survived and circulated, along with editions published in
Malaysia. It was returned to print in Indonesia in 2005 by the publisher Lentera Depantara, after it had already appeared worldwide in 33 languages.
400:. The story was first narrated verbally to Pramoedya's fellow prisoners in 1973 because he did not get permission to write. The story spread through all the inmates until 1975 when Pramoedya was finally granted permission to write the detailed story.
477:
portrays the reality of Dutch colonial government in Indonesia through the lives of the characters, where Minke's education and Nyai Ontosoro's success in business count for little when ranged against the unyielding Dutch colonial law.
642:
were confiscated. In fact, several of them took the initiative and voluntarily surrendered copies of the books. However, by August 1981, only 972 copies of the books had been confiscated from the close to 20,000 copies in circulation.
536:
signified his "determination, sincerity, and resolution to invest in the development of democracy in Indonesia - and not a democracy built upon colonialism, but a democracy that is the result of our own efforts".
501:
newspaper who had been detained in Salemba prison. After various discussion, an agreement was reached to publish works by ex-political prisoners that had not previously been welcomed by other publishers.
532:
on 17 August, although in the end it was published on 25 August, having been delayed by the celebrations. This first edition was very simple, with no illustrations. For Pramoedya, the publishing of
469:
in accordance with "native" customs, but which, according to Dutch law, has no legal validity because it was conducted without the consent of the under-aged Annelies' legal, Dutch, guardians.
586:, were asked not to produce any more works published by Hasta Mitra. The editors of major media organizations were contacted, to the effect that they were not allowed to review or praise
899:
The search for locations began at the end of 2005. At the beginning of 2006, production began with Armantono as scriptwriter. The adaptation film of this novel, the film
955:
978:
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259:
529:
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47:
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boy, Minke, who is fortunate to attend an elite Dutch school because he is a descendant of Javanese royalty (the character is based on
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513:). Pramoedya began working hard to sort through the papers that he had managed to retrieve from the island of
1019:
528:
was sent to the Aga Press printers with the hope that it would be published before the celebrations for the
925:
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623:
Finally, on 29 May 1981, the Attorney General published regulation SK-052/JA/5/1981 about the banning of
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All bookshops and agents were visited by people from the Attorney General's office and all copies of
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sold in the space of 12 days . Within a few months of being published, several publishers in
572:
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man. Minke's life becomes more dangerous when he falls in love with Annelies, the beautiful
322:
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408:
571:
was banned by the Attorney General of Indonesia in 1981 on the grounds that it promoted
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494:
426:
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and was written while Pramoedya was imprisoned on the political island prison of
600:
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430:
136:
518:
415:). Minke faces a complex and dangerous world when he meets Nyai Ontosoroh, a
388:, first published by Hasta Mitra in 1980. The story is set at the end of the
576:
545:
422:
397:
352:
979:"Pramoedya's reputation piques cinemagoers' interest in movie adaptations"
549:
949:
947:
883:'Manushya Bhoomi' tr.by S.A.Qudsi,(Malayalam-Indian)- Chintha Pub-2011
103:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
560:
it "a new contribution to the treasury of Indonesian literature".
582:
Initially, the Ampat Lima printing house, which actually printed
514:
465:
417:
393:
464:
Minke is introduced to an extremely unusual Indonesian woman,
130:
68:
27:
505:
The manuscript chosen as the first work to be published was
778:, William Morrow & Co., Inc, 1991 (New York, English)
579:, even though neither doctrine is mentioned in the book.
754:, Solidaridad Publishing House, 1989 (Manila, Filipino)
521:, who were positively disposed towards the enterprise.
92:
826:, Edisiones Destino, S.A., 2001 (Barcelona, Spanish)
684:, Dou Shi Chu Ban Selangor, 1983 (Malaysia, Chinese)
905:was screened in Indonesian cinemas in August 2019.
358:
348:
338:
328:
318:
310:
299:
288:
278:
268:
161:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
784:, Norstedts Förlag AB, 1992 (Stockholm, Swedish)
930:Penguin Reading Guides on This Earth of Mankind
844:, Radio 68H, 2002 (Radio Broadcast, Indonesian)
731:
708:, Albert Klutsch-Verlags-Vertrag, 1984 (German)
720:, Shinkuwara Mekong Published, 1986 (Japanese)
723:
690:, Wira Karya, 1983, (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian)
8:
714:, Förlaget Hjulet, 1986 (Stockholm, Swedish)
485:After release from detention in April 1980,
251:
856:, Leopard Förlag, 2003 (Stockholm, Swedish)
814:, Payot & Rivages, 2001 (Paris, French)
742:, Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, 1987 (German)
62:Learn how and when to remove these messages
403:The central character and the narrator of
257:
250:
920:
918:
696:, Penguin Book, 1983 (Australia, English)
678:, Beijing Da Xue, 1982 (Beijing, Chinese)
666:, Hasta Mitra, 1980 (Jakarta, Indonesian)
239:Learn how and when to remove this message
221:Learn how and when to remove this message
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
958:. Indonesian Institute of Social History
820:, Pax Forlag A/S, 2001 (Oslo, Norwegian)
772:, Penguin Book, 1990 (New York, English)
629:Child of All Nations (Anak Semua Bangsa)
914:
832:, Bertrand Editorial, 2002 (Portuguese)
702:, Express Editio, 1984 (Berlin, German)
598:General. New Order mouthpieces such as
440:The Indonesian Attorney General banned
874:, Lentera Dipantara, 2005 (Indonesian)
672:, Manus Amici, 1981 (Amsterdam, Dutch)
530:Indonesian Declaration of Independence
862:, Alfa-Narodna Knjiga, 2003 (Serbian)
796:, Verlag Volt und Welt, 1996 (German)
790:, Txalaparta, 1995 (Navarre, Spanish)
646:In September 1981, the translator of
453:The book tells the story of Minke, a
7:
880:, Mas'ud Ash'ar, 2009 (Lahore, Urdu)
760:, Il Saggiatore, 1990 (Milan, Italy)
159:adding citations to reliable sources
850:, Livros Quetzal, 2003 (Portuguese)
748:, Unieboek, 1987 (Amsterdam, Dutch)
590:or any other of Pramoedya's works.
481:Published by ex-political prisoners
896:Citra Sinema to produce the film.
802:, Uitgeverij De Geus, 1999 (Breda)
766:, O Neul Publishing, 1990 (Korean)
19:For the 2019 film adaptation, see
14:
43:This article has multiple issues.
868:, Kobfai Publishing, 2003 (Thai)
838:, Leopard Förlag, 2002 (Swedish)
736:, In Ukrainian, 1986 (Ukrainian)
524:In July 1980, the manuscript of
135:
73:
32:
1015:Novels by Pramoedya Ananta Toer
728:, Radooga Moskwa 1986 (Russian)
612:began publishing criticisms of
433:daughter of Nyai Ontosoroh. In
146:needs additional citations for
51:or discuss these issues on the
658:Publication in other languages
16:Novel by Pramoedya Ananta Toer
1:
954:Alit Ambara (27 March 2010).
497:, a former journalist of the
457:minor royal who studies at a
808:, Penguin Book, 2000 (Italy)
21:This Earth of Mankind (film)
794:Erbe Einer Versunkenen Welt
489:, the former editor of the
99:the claims made and adding
1048:
18:
732:
724:
256:
706:Im Garten der Menschheit
1025:Novels set in Indonesia
593:In April 1981, various
493:and Pramoedya met with
382:'s epic quartet called
170:"This Earth of Mankind"
758:Questa Terra Dell'Uomo
252:This Earth of Mankind
902:This Earth of Mankind
893:This Earth of Mankind
836:This Earth of Mankind
830:This Earth of Mankind
806:This Earth of Mankind
776:This Earth of Mankind
770:This Earth of Mankind
740:Garten der Menschheit
700:Garten der Menschheit
694:This Earth of Mankind
648:This Earth of Mankind
636:This Earth of Mankind
625:This Earth of Mankind
614:This Earth of Mankind
588:This Earth of Mankind
584:This Earth of Mankind
569:This Earth of Mankind
542:This Earth of Mankind
534:This Earth of Mankind
526:This Earth of Mankind
507:This Earth of Mankind
442:This Earth of Mankind
435:This Earth of Mankind
405:This Earth of Mankind
380:Pramoedya Ananta Toer
378:is the first book in
375:This Earth of Mankind
273:Pramoedya Ananta Toer
640:Child of All Nations
459:Hogere Burger School
364:Child of All Nations
155:improve this article
1030:Postcolonial novels
848:Esta estranha terra
812:Le Monde des Hommes
652:Maxwell Ronald Lane
390:Dutch colonial rule
293:Maxwell Ronald Lane
279:Original title
253:
926:"Author Interview"
752:Ang Daigdig ng Tao
84:possibly contains
854:Människornas Jord
413:Tirto Adhi Soerjo
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349:Publication place
306:trans. to English
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725:Мир человеческий
718:Ningen No Daichi
670:Aarde Der Mensen
616:and its author.
573:Marxist-Leninist
540:5,000 copies of
359:Followed by
340:Publication date
323:Historical novel
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866:แผ่นดินของชีวิต
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986:. Retrieved
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878:دھرتی کا دکھ
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872:Bumi Manusia
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153:Please help
148:verification
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1010:1980 novels
601:Suara Karya
554:Netherlands
396:in eastern
333:Hasta Mitra
1004:Categories
909:References
519:Adam Malik
304:Indonesian
289:Translator
263:Book cover
181:newspapers
93:improve it
48:improve it
988:22 August
595:New Order
577:Communism
546:Hong Kong
423:concubine
398:Indonesia
353:Indonesia
329:Publisher
295:(English)
211:June 2011
109:June 2011
97:verifying
54:talk page
962:17 April
550:Malaysia
455:Javanese
409:Javanese
300:Language
499:Merdeka
195:scholar
91:Please
606:Pelita
564:Banned
552:, the
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311:Series
269:Author
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936:8 May
764:Minke
427:Dutch
425:of a
407:is a
319:Genre
202:JSTOR
188:books
990:2019
964:2014
938:2007
638:and
608:and
515:Buru
466:Nyai
431:Indo
421:or
418:njai
394:Buru
344:1980
174:news
157:by
95:by
1006::
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