31:
1078:, and a single manual fireman. Owing to the single-ended firing and the predominantly longitudinal gasflow, compared to the Yarrow's normal through-bank gasflow, there was a pronounced temperature difference between the front and back of the boiler. This led to the water circulation currents, especially in the second section, to be longitudinal through the water drums, like the Woolnough, rather than the usual Yarrow. The first section, which included some water-tubes to the rear wall, was radiant heated and effectively a water-wall furnace, without any gas flow through the tube bank. Despite this, it still used four rows of tubes. The second section had its gasflow arranged by steel and firebrick baffles so that the combustion gases entered through the centre and passed through the tube banks into the side flues, giving better convective heat transfer.
88:
497:
717:
741:
96:
425:. The outer bank of tubes was shallow, consisting of only two rows of tubes. These rows were spaced closely, so that the tubes formed a solid wall, without gasflow between them. The inner bank of tubes was similar: the two rows of tubes closest to the furnace formed a similar water wall. These tubes were splayed apart at their base, so as to provide space for gasflow between them. Within the tube bank, gas flow is mostly parallel to the tubes, similar to some early designs, but contrary to the crossflow design of later three-drum boilers. The exhaust gas emerged into the heart-shaped space below the upper central drum, exiting to the funnel through the rear wall.
709:
988:
272:
sufficiently straight that a single tube could be replaced from a tube bank, without requiring other tubes to be removed so as to permit access. This was one of many features of the White-Forster intended to make it reliable in naval service and easy to maintain. These tubes were of particularly small diameter, only 1 inch (2.5 cm) and especially numerous, a total of 3,744 being used in some boilers. The tubes were arranged in 24 rows to a bank, each requiring a different length of tube, and 78 rows per drum. All tubes were curved to the same radius, facilitating repair and replacement on board, but requiring the tube holes in the drums to be
407:
469:
104:
1066:. The forward "boiler" region was narrow-set, with its water drums placed between the frames. Although the outer casings were of similar width, the tube banks for the forward section were much closer. The space outboard of the tubes formed a pair of exhaust flues leading forwards. A large space outside these flue walls but inside the boiler casing was used as an air duct from the air inlet, a crude rectangular slot beneath the smokebox door, which had the effect of both pre-heating the combustion air and of cooling the outer casing to prevent overheating. Longitudinal
765:, once outwards and then again inwards. A single central chimney exhausted from the centre of the far end, not as usual from outside the tubes. The relative temperature difference between gas passage through the two sections of the bank led to a circulation current that was upwards through the first, hotter, part of the bank and downwards through the further, less hot, bank. Circulation was also controlled by an internal weir plate within the upper water drum, so as to keep a depth of water above the ends of the hotter tubes, thus avoiding overheating of dry tubes.
732:, intended for use in smaller boats. The tube banks separated into two groups, with the short tubes slightly curved away from each other. Entry into the lower water drum was perpendicular, requiring an almost rectangular drum with the tubes entering on separate faces. The mechanical weakness of such a shape was acceptable in this small size, but limited the boiler's potential. The casing was small and only enclosed part of the upper steam drum, leading directly to a funnel. A single inverted tee-shaped downcomer linked the drums at the rear of the boiler.
316:
377:
612:
829:
193:
unworkable for boilers like the
Thornycroft where the tubes first travelled horizontally or upwards. The eventual method was to use 'bullet' brushes that were fired from one drum into the other by use of compressed air. Sets of brushes were used, one for each tube, and they were carefully numbered and counted afterwards to ensure that none had been left behind, blocking a tube.
537:
Early water-tube designers had been concerned with the expansion of the boiler's tubes when heated. Efforts were made to permit them to expand freely, particularly so that those closest to the furnace might expand relatively more than those further away. Typically this was done by arranging the tubes
885:
The first boilers suffered problems with the superheaters and with poor circulation for the tube rows in the centre of the bank, leading to overheating and tube failure. The circulation problems were addressed by re-arranging the feedwater pipes and by placing baffles inside the steam drum, so as to
356:
from which to collect dry steam. The external boiler casing entered the flue uptake at one end, usually enclosing this dome. The ends of the drums extended outside the casing as hemispherical domes. Cold downcomers outside the casing linked these drums, providing a path for the return circulation of
280:
Downcomers were used, either the usual two large pipes, or an unusual but characteristic arrangement of four small 4-inch (10 cm) tubes to each drum. This was a feature intended to improve survivability after damage, when used on-board warships. The boiler could remain in service with a damaged
288:
were raised above the floor of the furnace on steel girder stools, increasing the furnace volume available for combustion. This feature was intended to encourage the use of oil burning, an innovation on warships around this time. The general appearance of the White-Forster is similar to that of the
176:
had demonstrated that straight tubes did not cause any problems with expansion, but circular drums and perpendicular tube entry were both valuable features for a long service life. Where tubes entered drums at an angle, heating and cooling tended to bend the tube back and forth, leading to leaks. A
1070:
tubes were placed in the central space between the steam generating tubes. The third area forwards contained superheater headers, the regulators and the smokebox, but no deliberate heating surface. The external boiler casing remained at much the same width throughout, giving an overall triangular,
962:
casing and did not form a closely packed solid wall. The concern was that a full water-wall would unbalance the existing header arrangement of the three-drum boiler, which indeed showed to be the case. Excess steam production at the rear of the steam drum led to disrupted circulation and a problem
649:
The circulation in a Yarrow boiler depended on a temperature difference between the inner and outer tube rows of a bank, and particularly upon the rates of boiling. Whilst this is easy to maintain at low powers, a higher pressure Yarrow boiler will tend to have less temperature difference and thus
131:
The new generation of "small-tube" water-tube boilers used water-tubes of around 2 inches (5 cm) diameter, compared to older designs of 3 or 4 inches. This gave a greater ratio of tube surface heating area to the tube volume, thus more rapid steaming. These small-tube boilers also became
480:
pattern, made the outer wings more important. The number of their tubes was increased, such that they became the majority of the heating surface and the main gas path for the exhaust gases. The wing drums became large enough to permit a man access inside, for cleaning and expanding new tubes into
435:
The upper and lower central drums are linked by downcomers. Unusually these are internal to the boiler and are heated, although not strongly, by the exhaust gases. They are formed as several (eight or nine) 4-inch (10 cm) vertical tubes on the centreline of the boiler. They are formed into a
259:. Water tubes were convoluted, arranged in four rows to a bank, and S-shaped with sharp right angle bends. This packed a large tube heating area into a small volume, but made tube cleaning impractical. The drums were cylindrical, with perpendicular tube entry and external downcomers between them.
192:
internally. Tubes were later cleaned internally by attempting to pass a hinged rod through, with a brush at the end. For the curved tube designs, often only part of the tube could be reached. Another method was to pass a chain down the tube from above, pulling a brush behind it, although this was
151:
The development of the three-drum pattern was generally one of simplification, rather than increasing complexity or sophistication. Even the first boilers packed a large heating area into a compact volume, their difficulty was in manufacturing and particularly for their maintenance on-board ship.
760:
wall two-thirds of the way down the furnace. The furnace grate was on the longer side of this, with the combustion gases passing out through the tube bank, along inside a steel outer casing, then back within the shorter tube bank. Coiled tube superheaters were placed in the gas flow outside the
871:
were sometimes, but not always, used. The only major difference was in the tube banks. Rather than straight tubes, each tube was mostly straight, but slightly cranked towards their ends. These were installed in two groups within the bank, so that they formed a gap between them within the bank.
271:
was of simple construction, with tubes that had only a gentle curvature to them. This was sufficient to allow them to be replaced in-situ, working through the manhole at the end of the large steam drum. Each tube was sufficiently curved to allow it to be extracted through the steam drum, but
276:
to precise angles on a jig during manufacture. This small tube diameter gave a high heating surface, but probably too much: the ratio of surface to volume became excessive and gas flow through the tube banks was affected, giving the boiler furnaces something of a reputation as poor burners.
876:
this gap and hung by hooks from the steam drum. The advantage of placing the superheaters here was that they increased the temperature differential between the inner and outer tubes of the bank, thus encouraging circulation. In the developed form, the boiler had four rows of tubes on the
1058:, placed end to end. Both had the usual Yarrow arrangement of a central large steam drum above two separated water drums, linked by four rows of slightly curved tubes. The upper drum was shared, but the lower water drums were separate. The rearward "firebox" area was wide and spanned the
351:
The design of the
Normand gave a particularly large heating area (tube surface area) in relation to the grate area. The cost of this was a dense nest of tubes, where each of the numerous rows of tubes was bent into a different and complex shape. Tube ends entered the cylindrical drums
571:, did not appear for another thirty years and even then they were initially unreliable. The assumption was that flow through the water-tubes would be upwards, owing to their heating by the furnace, and that the counterbalancing downward flow would require external unheated
420:
boiler is a variant that splits the usual central furnace into two. There are four drums: two main drums vertically in the centre – a steam and a water drum – also two wing drums at the outside edges of the furnace. The design was notable for its early use of the
906:, the feedwater was also routed upwards through 'spray pots' and thus passed through the steam space as droplets. The cold feedwater was thus heated to the same temperature as the boiler water before mixing with it, avoiding disturbance to the circulation path.
205:
were used by most designs, even after Yarrow's experiments had demonstrated that circulation could still take place amongst the heated tubes alone. Again, the
Admiralty boiler (which omitted downcomers) was the culmination of this approach, placing the
541:
Yarrow recognised that the temperature of the water-tubes was held relatively low and was consistent amongst them, provided that they remained full of water and boiling was not allowed to occur within the tubes themselves, i.e. they would remain as
628:
This D shape is not ideal for a pressure drum though, as pressure will tend to distort it into a more circular section. This flexing led to leakage where the water tubes entered the drum; a problem, termed 'wrapperitis', which was shared with the
624:
The first Yarrow water drums or "troughs" were D-shaped with a flat tubeplate, so as to provide an easy perpendicular mounting for the tubes. The tubeplate was bolted to the trough and could be dismantled for maintenance and tube cleaning.
30:
524:
were lagging behind other shipbuilders. His initial thoughts already defined the key features of the design, a three-drum boiler with straight tubes, yet it took ten years of research before the first boiler was supplied for a
602:
The Yarrow boiler could thus dispense with separate external downcomers. Flow was entirely within the heated watertubes, upwards within those closest to the furnace and downwards through those in the outer rows of the bank.
119:
Development of the three-drum boiler began in the late 19th century, with the demand from naval ships that required high power and a compact boiler. The move to water-tube boilers had already begun, with designs such as the
918:
performance was disappointing. Superheat at full power was limited deliberately to 100 °F (37.8 °C) so as to avoid reliability problems, which then meant that it was ineffective at low powers. Development work by
666:
after 1900, the first Yarrow boilers placed their superheater coil outside the main tube bank. Later designs became asymmetrical, with the tube bank on one side doubled and a hairpin-tube superheater placed between them.
957:
constructed a trial boiler with a partial water-wall to the rear of the furnace. Unlike other water-wall designs, this additional water drum spanned only the centre of the furnace, the vertical tubes were enclosed in a
49:. They are compact and of high evaporative power, factors that encourage this use. Other boiler designs may be more efficient, although bulkier, and so the three-drum pattern was rare as a land-based stationary boiler.
945:
Unlike contemporary
American practice, British naval boilers had a large proportion of furnace brickwork, leading to a high temperature within the furnace and consequently a high loading upon the tubes. The use of a
460:. The first small version of this also dispensed with the wing drum, the water-wall tubes bending at right angles and passing back to the central water drum, the tubes also forming the grate to support the fire.
335:. It was used by the navies of several nations, notably those of France, Russia, Britain and United States. In 1896, the Royal Navy had them installed in twenty-six boats, more than any other water-tube design.
3155:
436:
shallow S-shape to give a little flexibility against thermal expansion. The small wing drums are connected to the lower central drum alone, by large external pipes outside the rear casing of the boiler.
923:
resolved this by increasing the steam flow speed through the superheater to 150 ft/s (45.72 m/s), avoiding the problems of tube distortion and metallurgical failure. New boilers for the
890:, a steel trough, was placed over the tops of the furnace-side tubes, encouraging a single central upwelling flow to above the water level, encouraging steam bubbles to escape and acting as a
428:
The steam drum is circular, with perpendicular tube entry. The tube ends span a considerable circumference of the drum, so that the upper tubes enter above the water level. They are thus '
696:
with a Yarrow boiler for comparison. The trials were successful and the Yarrow boiler was adopted for naval service, particularly in small ships. In time the Navy would develop its own
2175:
820:, but first shipped to Belgium for testing. Most photographs that exist of these locomotives were taken in Belgium. Little is known of their history after arrival in Colombia.
172:
were the first to go. A multi-row bank of tubes could provide adequate heating area, without this complexity. Tubes also became straighter, mostly to ease their cleaning.
809:
1036:
The boiler was not the usual Yarrow design. In operation, particularly its circulation paths, the boiler had more in common with other three-drum designs such as the
591:
When heat was also applied to the unheated arm, conventional theory predicted that the circulatory flow would slow or stop completely. In practice, the flow actually
3150:
514:
boiler design is characterised by its use of straight water-tubes, without downcomers. Circulation, both upwards and downwards, occurs within this same tube bank.
352:
perpendicularly, for good sealing. The space needed for all these tubes filled the entire lower half of the steam drum, requiring both a large drum and a separate
87:
496:
364:, where two Normand boilers were coupled back-to-back, for use in large ships. This effectively gave a double-ended Normand (as was later common with the
1891:
1047:
Working pressure was of 450 pounds per square inch (31 bar) as opposed to the 180 pounds per square inch (12 bar) of the contemporary
Gresley
599:
asymmetry to the heating, Yarrow's experiment showed that circulation could continue and heating of the cooler downcomer could even increase this flow.
2168:
1739:
1584:
716:
549:
His conclusion was thus that straight water-tubes were acceptable, and these would have obvious advantages for manufacture and cleaning in service.
864:
of 1927. These boilers established new Royal Navy standard operating conditions for boilers of 300 psi (2.0 MPa) / 600 °F (316 °C).
581:
conducted a famous experiment where he disproved this assumption. A vertical U-shaped tube was arranged so that it could be heated by a series of
488:
design of water-tube boiler used horizontal hairpin water-tubes fitted into sectional headers. It has little relation to the types described here.
3050:
756:
for their larger railway locomotives. It resembled most other three-drum designs, having almost-straight tubes. Its distinguishing feature was a
650:
will have less effective circulation. Some later and higher-pressure boilers were fitted with external downcomers, outside the heated flue area.
177:
perpendicular entry was easier to expand the tubes for a reliable seal and to avoid these sideways stresses. It was worth the compromise of the
1107:
895:
781:
391:
141:
137:
133:
937:
cruisers could achieve a superheat of 200–250 °F (93–121 °C) throughout the operating power range at 250 psi (1.7 MPa).
740:
2161:
95:
3160:
2625:
2620:
1820:
1747:
1687:
1548:
1291:
1264:
1234:
1202:
1147:
987:
777:
557:
It was already recognised that a water-tube boiler relied on a continuous flow through the water-tubes, and that this must be by a
708:
3084:
2996:
1014:
416:
226:. The circular water drums, and their raising above the furnace floor, are White-Forster features. The first reduces the risk of
1095:
867:
The design was broadly similar to later high-pressure and oil-fired versions of the Yarrow. The waterdrums were cylindrical and
894:
before the water re-circulated down the outer-side tubes. In a manner similar to work taking place around the same time on the
468:
3055:
2890:
2699:
2061:
797:
638:
543:
429:
285:
227:
189:
406:
103:
2343:
1308:
853:
2729:
2719:
1224:
3135:
3130:
2923:
2787:
2768:
2759:
2643:
2255:
2198:
588:
When only one side of the U was heated, there was the expected upward flow of heated water in that arm of the tube.
2537:
2004:
1949:
1793:
1281:
1176:
813:
121:
398:. It was similar to the Normand, with downcomers and curved tubes that entered cylindrical drums perpendicularly.
3089:
3078:
2635:
1931:
562:
181:'s bent tube ends to keep these two features, and these tubes were still simple enough in shape to clean easily.
546:. High temperatures and variations only arose when tubes became steam filled, which also disrupted circulation.
3125:
2863:
2795:
1974:
1364:, but later expanded to cover internal combustion engines and so re-titled. London: Longmans. pp. 207–210.
861:
72:
57:
3140:
3099:
3094:
3015:
2739:
2684:
2406:
2362:
1984:
1525:
924:
376:
348:, with the sharp corners of the tubes replaced by a smooth radiused bend, but still retaining the S shape.
140:), most were some variation of this. As the tubes of the three-drum are close to vertical (compared to the
3104:
3002:
2843:
2724:
2375:
2313:
2051:
967:. The development of water-walls for this type of boiler was abandoned, although trials did continue with
964:
785:
682:
440:
385:
304:
76:
768:
Sentinel used the
Woolnough boiler on a number of their larger locomotives, instead of their usual small
3060:
2969:
2694:
2615:
2588:
2318:
2303:
2213:
2127:
2030:
2025:
1813:
1041:
1018:
947:
753:
641:. Later boilers used a more rounded section, although still asymmetrical rather than fully cylindrical.
422:
60:, in a triangular layout. Water tubes fill in the two sides of this triangle between the drums, and the
3029:
611:
315:
2714:
2653:
2514:
2380:
2328:
2265:
2218:
1921:
1896:
1771:
1623:
931:
219:
1564:
1071:
but curved, appearance. The lower edge of each section stepped upwards, and was obvious externally.
3023:
2557:
2431:
2348:
2338:
1994:
1451:
1118:
and thus the circulating water increases, making it more sensitive to disruption by cold feedwater.
1022:
920:
521:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2936:
2931:
2519:
1954:
1906:
1111:
968:
61:
1657:
520:
developed his boiler as a response to other water-tube designs, and his perception in 1877 that
252:
218:
The
Admiralty boiler is usually considered to be a direct evolution of the Yarrow, although the
828:
2820:
2668:
2658:
2607:
2542:
2529:
2509:
2491:
2436:
2390:
2260:
2203:
1959:
1941:
1926:
1911:
1868:
1743:
1683:
1544:
1287:
1260:
1230:
1198:
1143:
1137:
793:
690:
686:
675:
538:
in large looping curves. These had difficulties in manufacturing and required support in use.
443:
248:
125:
42:
1114:
in response to the same problem. As boiler pressure increases, the saturation temperature of
3145:
2896:
2884:
2857:
2583:
2501:
2471:
2323:
2122:
2035:
1883:
1853:
1806:
1059:
1048:
1037:
1026:
1002:
903:
634:
328:
1106:
Although there is no record of any shared development here, between the Royal Navy and the
3069:
2802:
2744:
2663:
2552:
2547:
2461:
2416:
1989:
1979:
1863:
954:
891:
769:
256:
64:
is in the centre. The whole assembly is then enclosed in a casing, leading to the exhaust
2988:
2837:
2809:
2486:
2385:
2308:
2298:
2208:
2137:
2091:
1901:
1848:
1353:
976:
296:. Features such as the raised mud drums and the shape of the tubes were an influence.
3119:
2776:
2749:
2648:
2567:
2403:
2112:
2009:
1969:
1916:
1063:
1055:
1030:
1010:
1006:
996:
663:
582:
578:
517:
505:
300:
222:
also had an influence, probably as a result of the large number in service with the
2977:
2734:
2481:
2466:
2421:
2275:
2270:
2184:
2117:
2066:
2056:
1964:
1873:
1858:
849:
637:
had shown that sharp internal corners inside boilers were also prone to erosion by
566:
558:
526:
457:
145:
1643:
1603:
1509:((1912 edition) ed.). Admiralty, via HMSO, via Eyre & Spottiswoode. 1901.
52:
The fundamental characteristic of the "three-drum" design is the arrangement of a
17:
1218:
1216:
1214:
2902:
2876:
2829:
2426:
2400:
2370:
2248:
2243:
2142:
2096:
2076:
1763:
1067:
915:
845:
805:
801:
789:
659:
207:
1074:
Firing was with coal, at just one end through a conventional locomotive single
210:
within the tube bank, so as to encourage the necessary temperature difference.
2908:
2851:
2476:
2411:
2395:
2333:
2290:
2280:
2086:
2081:
1843:
1787:
1679:
959:
841:
729:
353:
223:
128:. The three-drum arrangement was lighter and more compact for the same power.
108:
53:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
2704:
2689:
1115:
757:
572:
202:
46:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1044:
water-tube firebox, with the firebox extended to become the entire boiler.
71:
Firing can be by either coal or oil. Many coal-fired boilers used multiple
2593:
2132:
2071:
1617:"200/250 h.p. articulated railcar with a Woolnough boiler, L.N.E.R. 2291
1094:
1075:
899:
817:
332:
299:
White-Forster boilers were introduced into the Royal Navy from 1906, for
1426:
1424:
1131:
1129:
773:
1188:
1186:
800:
of 550 psi (3.8 MPa) and each axle was driven by a separate
720:
Mumford boiler, half-section showing the shape of the lower water drum
2709:
2446:
1829:
857:
784:. Sentinel's best-known use of the Woolnough was for the 'Colombian'
395:
273:
1033:, Harold Yarrow was keen to expand the market for Yarrow's boiler.
2228:
986:
827:
739:
715:
707:
610:
495:
467:
456:
A small single-sided version of this boiler was also produced for
405:
375:
314:
102:
94:
86:
29:
27:
Compact furnace with two side water drums and one steam drum above
1025:, Gresley was keen to experiment with this approach in a railway
877:
furnace-side of the superheater and thirteen for the outer-side.
136:. Although not all of these were three-drum designs (notably the
2153:
65:
2157:
1802:
1017:
company. Having observed the benefits of higher pressures and
761:
tubes. The combustion gases thus passed through the tube bank
1250:
1248:
1246:
796:
wheel arrangement, built in 1934. They ran at the unusually
111:
sailor cleans the water tubes inside a ship's boiler with a
1798:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
728:
boiler was a variety built by the boilermakers
Mumford of
1592:(34, 35): 121–125, 141–142. December 1934 – January 1935.
1259:. Vol. 1: 1827–1939. Spellmount. pp. 241–245.
3156:
History of science and technology in the United
Kingdom
1195:
970 Mechanical Appliances and Novelties of Construction
1323:
860:
and the first boilers were installed in three of the
852:
World Wars. Much of the design work was conducted at
1481:
1040:. It has also been described as an evolution of the
3043:
3014:
2987:
2968:
2922:
2875:
2828:
2819:
2786:
2767:
2758:
2677:
2634:
2606:
2576:
2528:
2500:
2454:
2445:
2361:
2289:
2236:
2227:
2191:
2105:
2044:
2018:
1940:
1882:
1836:
1766:(1966). "9: Unconventional Locomotives 1929–1935".
1390:(Vol. VI ed.). London: Caxton. pp. 92–93.
1400:
1335:
561:effect rather than requiring an impractical pump.
160:The convoluted tubes of early designs such as the
1493:
1469:
1163:
1161:
1159:
184:Some of the first boiler tubes, particularly the
439:Owing to its early use in the Thornycroft-built
188:with its sharp corners, could not be cleaned of
178:
1641:. Loco. Rly Carr. Wagon Rev., 1940, 46, 83. in
1569:The Book of Modern Engines and Power Generators
1415:The Book of Modern Engines and Power Generators
1388:The Book of Modern Engines and Power Generators
1062:, placing the water drums at the limits of the
979:replacing one of its three three-drum boilers.
1257:The evolution of engineering in the Royal Navy
814:Société National des Chemins de Fer en Colombe
2169:
1814:
144:), this encourages strong circulation by the
8:
1110:, the two solutions represent an example of
975:which was trialled with a single water-wall
230:, the latter is appropriate for oil firing.
1001:The only large three-drum boiler used in a
886:give a more clearly defined circulation. A
45:used to generate steam, typically to power
2825:
2764:
2451:
2233:
2176:
2162:
2154:
1821:
1807:
1799:
1096:Admiralty Marine Engineering Establishment
1054:The boiler resembled two elongated marine
836:A later development of the Yarrow was the
685:, was built with the then current form of
615:Asymmetric Yarrow boiler, with superheater
1740:Railway Correspondence and Travel Society
1585:Steam Car Developments and Steam Aviation
812:, the following three were built for the
630:
449:of 1893, this design became known as the
255:in France and was tested in a Royal Navy
99:A Yarrow boiler, with the casing removed
3051:Glossary of steam locomotive components
1125:
1087:
552:
251:, patented in 1876. It was invented by
3151:Maritime history of the United Kingdom
1721:
1658:"The Colombian Steam Motor Locomotive"
697:
368:) that could be fired from both ends.
148:effect, further encouraging steaming.
1644:"Sentinel locomotives & railcars"
1604:"Sentinel locomotives & railcars"
744:Woolnough boiler, as used by Sentinel
343:
290:
185:
161:
7:
1768:The British Steam Railway Locomotive
662:was adopted, primarily for use with
1789:"Raising Steam" 1942 training video
1770:. Vol. II, from 1925 to 1965.
1675:
1172:
854:Admiralty Fuel Experimental Station
342:boiler was as a development of the
327:boiler was developed by the French
167:
2903:National Museum of Scotland engine
1360:. Originally published in 1889 as
1197:. Algrove Publishing. p. 58.
365:
173:
25:
1672:Naval Marine Engineering Practice
1520:Burgess, Malcolm William (1936).
34:Three-drum boiler, casing removed
3085:List of steam technology patents
1470:Yarrows, The First Hundred Years
1448:Yarrows: the first hundred years
1324:Cisin, Modern Marine Engineering
1280:Brassey, Thomas Allnutt (1896).
1229:. BiblioBazaar. pp. 78–84.
1136:Brassey, Thomas Allnutt (1896).
553:Yarrow's circulation experiments
1482:Kennedy, Modern Engines, Vol VI
1417:. Vol. VI. London: Caxton.
868:
788:. These were a series of four,
3070:Murdoch's model steam carriage
3056:History of steam road vehicles
2062:Internally rifled boiler tubes
1571:. Vol. V. London: Caxton.
360:A further development was the
91:A flat of three Yarrow boilers
1:
2997:Murray's Hypocycloidal Engine
1401:Kennedy, Modern Engines, 1912
1336:Robertson, Water-tube boilers
1307:Robertson, Leslie S. (1901).
1286:. Brassey. pp. 118–119.
1142:. Brassey. pp. 118–119.
2720:Return connecting rod engine
1674:. later replacement for the
1494:Yarrows, First Hundred Years
1446:Borthwick, Alastair (1965).
1223:Cisin, Harry George (1921).
1171:. later replacement for the
808:. The first was supplied to
390:The Reed boiler was used by
2644:Condensing steam locomotive
1582:"Boilers. Woolnough Type".
1193:Gardner D. Hiscox (2001) .
838:Admiralty three-drum boiler
832:Admiralty three-drum boiler
3177:
3161:Maritime history of France
2951:"Coalbrookdale Locomotive"
994:
671:Adoption by the Royal Navy
595:. Provided that there was
563:Forced-circulation boilers
503:
383:
2957:"Pen-y-Darren" locomotive
2626:Single- and double-acting
1386:Kennedy, Rankin (1912) .
1255:Rippon, Cmdr. PM (1988).
1226:Modern Marine Engineering
872:Superheaters were placed
607:Later evolution in design
472:Thornycroft-Schulz boiler
464:Thornycroft-Schulz boiler
2796:Newcomen Memorial Engine
1736:Raising Steam on the LMS
1413:Kennedy, Rankin (1912).
1169:BR 77 Machinery Handbook
565:with pumps, such as the
281:downcomer tube plugged.
79:, often from both ends.
3100:Timeline of steam power
3095:Stationary steam engine
2978:Woolf's compound engine
2885:Soho Manufactory engine
2740:Steeple compound engine
2407:straight line mechanism
1526:Oxford University Press
1435:(2nd ed.). Newnes.
1431:Milton, J. H. (1961) .
1179:. 1941. pp. 12–13.
898:and the development of
862:A class destroyers
786:articulated locomotives
683:Havock class destroyers
681:, the lead ship of the
305:torpedo boat destroyers
3105:Water-returning engine
3079:Lean's Engine Reporter
2852:Chacewater Mine engine
2725:Six-column beam engine
992:
833:
745:
721:
713:
700:of three-drum boiler.
616:
501:
473:
411:
386:Reed water tube boiler
381:
338:Initial design of the
320:
116:
100:
92:
35:
2945:London Steam Carriage
2031:Electric water boiler
2026:Electric steam boiler
995:Further information:
990:
888:circulation augmenter
831:
743:
719:
711:
614:
504:Further information:
499:
471:
409:
379:
318:
106:
98:
90:
33:
2891:Bradley Works engine
2715:Reciprocating engine
2538:Babcock & Wilcox
2381:Centrifugal governor
1950:Babcock & Wilcox
1772:Ian Allan Publishing
1682:. 1971 . p. 4.
1624:The Railway Magazine
1541:The First Destroyers
1539:Lyon, David (1996).
1433:Marine Steam Boilers
1354:Prof. William Ripper
930:battleships and the
921:Babcock & Wilcox
840:, developed for the
486:Thornycroft-Marshall
263:White-Forster boiler
142:Babcock & Wilcox
122:Babcock & Wilcox
2432:Sun and planet gear
1774:. pp. 106–109.
1734:Cook, A.F. (1999).
1543:. Caxton Editions.
950:could reduce this.
752:design was used by
500:Early Yarrow boiler
476:Later designs, the
247:was an early naval
115:, c. 1939–1945
3136:Steam boiler types
3131:Water-tube boilers
2932:Richard Trevithick
2530:Water-tube boilers
2344:Gresley conjugated
2106:Boiler peripherals
1942:Water-tube boilers
1724:, pp. 241–245
1310:Water-tube boilers
1112:parallel evolution
1031:land-based boilers
1003:railway locomotive
993:
948:water-wall furnace
834:
746:
722:
714:
689:; its sister ship
617:
502:
478:Thornycroft-Schulz
474:
423:water-wall furnace
412:
410:Thornycroft boiler
402:Thornycroft boiler
382:
321:
117:
101:
93:
39:Three-drum boilers
36:
18:Thornycroft boiler
3113:
3112:
3039:
3038:
2918:
2917:
2602:
2601:
2502:Fire-tube boilers
2357:
2356:
2151:
2150:
2045:Boiler components
1884:Fire-tube boilers
904:steam locomotives
772:. These included
698:Admiralty pattern
687:locomotive boiler
635:boiler explosions
249:water-tube boiler
134:"express" boilers
43:water-tube boiler
16:(Redirected from
3168:
3063:fardier à vapeur
2897:Whitbread Engine
2858:Smethwick Engine
2826:
2765:
2584:Feedwater heater
2452:
2234:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2155:
2123:Feedwater heater
2036:Electrode boiler
2019:Electric boilers
1823:
1816:
1809:
1800:
1790:
1776:
1775:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1694:
1693:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1456:
1455:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1410:
1404:
1403:, pp. 82–91
1398:
1392:
1391:
1383:
1366:
1365:
1350:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1283:The Naval Annual
1277:
1271:
1270:
1252:
1241:
1240:
1220:
1209:
1208:
1190:
1181:
1180:
1165:
1154:
1153:
1139:The Naval Annual
1133:
1119:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1019:compound engines
1013:of 1924 for the
1009:'s experimental
824:Admiralty boiler
810:Belgian Railways
736:Woolnough boiler
633:. Experience of
329:Normand shipyard
239:du Temple boiler
179:Admiralty boiler
21:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3126:Express boilers
3116:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3035:
3010:
2983:
2964:
2914:
2871:
2815:
2803:Fairbottom Bobs
2788:Newcomen engine
2782:
2754:
2700:Expansion valve
2673:
2659:Watt's separate
2630:
2598:
2572:
2524:
2496:
2441:
2417:Parallel motion
2353:
2304:Stephenson link
2285:
2223:
2192:Operating cycle
2187:
2182:
2152:
2147:
2101:
2040:
2014:
1936:
1878:
1832:
1827:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1742:. p. 106.
1733:
1732:
1728:
1720:
1697:
1690:
1678:. Vol. 1.
1670:
1669:
1665:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1565:Kennedy, Rankin
1563:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1522:Warships To-day
1519:
1518:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1484:, pp. ????
1480:
1476:
1468:
1459:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1429:
1422:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1384:
1369:
1352:
1351:
1342:
1334:
1330:
1322:
1318:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1254:
1253:
1244:
1237:
1222:
1221:
1212:
1205:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1167:
1166:
1157:
1150:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1023:marine practice
999:
985:
955:Hawthorn Leslie
943:
912:
892:steam separator
883:
826:
792:locomotives of
770:vertical boiler
738:
706:
673:
656:
647:
622:
609:
555:
535:
522:Yarrow & Co
508:
494:
466:
404:
388:
374:
362:Normand-Sigaudy
313:
265:
257:torpedo gunboat
253:Félix du Temple
241:
236:
216:
199:
158:
85:
41:are a class of
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3174:
3172:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3141:Marine boilers
3138:
3133:
3128:
3118:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3067:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3027:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3000:
2993:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2928:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2881:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2841:
2838:Kinneil Engine
2834:
2832:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2810:Elsecar Engine
2807:
2799:
2792:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2773:
2771:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2730:Steeple engine
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2589:Feedwater pump
2586:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2458:
2456:
2455:Simple boilers
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2437:Watt's linkage
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2386:Connecting rod
2383:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2240:
2238:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2138:Snifting valve
2135:
2130:
2128:Feedwater pump
2125:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2092:Thermic siphon
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1840:
1838:
1837:Simple boilers
1834:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1783:
1782:External links
1780:
1778:
1777:
1755:
1748:
1726:
1695:
1688:
1676:Stokers Manual
1663:
1649:
1634:
1609:
1595:
1574:
1556:
1549:
1531:
1512:
1507:Stokers Manual
1498:
1486:
1474:
1457:
1438:
1420:
1405:
1393:
1367:
1340:
1328:
1316:
1299:
1292:
1272:
1265:
1242:
1235:
1210:
1203:
1182:
1173:Stokers Manual
1155:
1148:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1099:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1056:Yarrow boilers
1049:A1 locomotives
1042:Brotan-Deffner
1029:. As with the
984:
981:
977:Johnson boiler
942:
939:
911:
908:
882:
879:
825:
822:
804:, designed by
737:
734:
712:Mumford boiler
705:
704:Mumford boiler
702:
672:
669:
664:steam turbines
655:
652:
646:
643:
621:
618:
608:
605:
585:on each side.
583:Bunsen burners
554:
551:
534:
533:Straight tubes
531:
493:
490:
465:
462:
403:
400:
384:Main article:
373:
370:
319:Normand boiler
312:
311:Normand boiler
309:
301:light cruisers
264:
261:
240:
237:
235:
232:
215:
212:
198:
195:
157:
154:
84:
81:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3173:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2938:Puffing Devil
2935:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2924:High-pressure
2921:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2877:Rotative beam
2874:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2778:
2777:Savery Engine
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2750:Working fluid
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2427:Rotative beam
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:hypocycloidal
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2185:Steam engines
2179:
2174:
2172:
2167:
2165:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:Air preheater
2111:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1897:Franco-Crosti
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1751:
1749:0-901115-85-1
1745:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1689:0-11-770223-4
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1645:
1638:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1578:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1552:
1550:1-84067-364-8
1546:
1542:
1535:
1532:
1528:. p. 68.
1527:
1523:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1317:
1313:. p. 37.
1312:
1311:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1293:1-4212-4178-1
1289:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1266:0-946771-55-3
1262:
1258:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1236:0-559-03423-7
1232:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1204:1-894572-37-8
1200:
1196:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1149:1-4212-4178-1
1145:
1141:
1140:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1064:loading gauge
1061:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:Nigel Gresley
1004:
998:
997:LNER Class W1
989:
982:
980:
978:
974:
972:
966:
961:
956:
951:
949:
940:
938:
936:
934:
929:
927:
922:
917:
909:
907:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
880:
878:
875:
870:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
830:
823:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
798:high pressure
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
766:
764:
759:
755:
751:
742:
735:
733:
731:
727:
718:
710:
703:
701:
699:
695:
694:
688:
684:
680:
679:
670:
668:
665:
661:
653:
651:
644:
642:
640:
636:
632:
631:White-Forster
626:
619:
613:
606:
604:
600:
598:
594:
589:
586:
584:
580:
579:Alfred Yarrow
576:
574:
570:
569:
564:
560:
550:
547:
545:
544:drowned tubes
539:
532:
530:
528:
523:
519:
518:Alfred Yarrow
515:
513:
507:
506:Yarrow boiler
498:
492:Yarrow boiler
491:
489:
487:
482:
479:
470:
463:
461:
459:
454:
452:
448:
447:
442:
437:
433:
431:
426:
424:
419:
418:
408:
401:
399:
397:
393:
387:
378:
371:
369:
367:
363:
358:
355:
349:
347:
346:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
317:
310:
308:
306:
302:
297:
295:
293:
287:
282:
278:
275:
270:
269:White-Forster
262:
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
238:
233:
231:
229:
225:
221:
220:White-Forster
213:
211:
209:
204:
196:
194:
191:
187:
182:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
164:
155:
153:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
129:
127:
123:
114:
110:
105:
97:
89:
82:
80:
78:
75:and teams of
74:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
50:
48:
44:
40:
32:
19:
3090:Modern steam
3077:
3062:
3024:Porter-Allen
3003:
2937:
2864:
2844:
2801:
2735:Safety valve
2664:"Pickle-pot"
2562:
2558:Thimble tube
2118:Boiler water
2067:Safety valve
2057:Fusible plug
1999:
1995:Thimble tube
1767:
1758:
1735:
1729:
1671:
1666:
1652:
1637:
1628:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1598:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1568:
1559:
1540:
1534:
1521:
1515:
1506:
1501:
1489:
1477:
1447:
1441:
1432:
1414:
1408:
1396:
1387:
1361:
1358:Heat Engines
1357:
1338:, p. 38
1331:
1319:
1309:
1302:
1282:
1275:
1256:
1225:
1194:
1168:
1138:
1102:
1090:
1073:
1053:
1046:
1035:
1011:Engine 10000
1000:
991:Engine 10000
983:Engine 10000
970:
952:
944:
932:
925:
913:
910:Superheaters
887:
884:
873:
866:
844:between the
837:
835:
767:
762:
749:
747:
725:
723:
692:
677:
674:
660:superheating
657:
654:Superheaters
648:
627:
623:
601:
596:
592:
590:
587:
577:
567:
559:thermosyphon
556:
548:
540:
536:
527:torpedo boat
516:
511:
509:
485:
484:The earlier
483:
477:
475:
455:
450:
445:
438:
434:
427:
415:
413:
389:
361:
359:
357:cold water.
350:
344:
339:
337:
324:
322:
298:
291:
283:
279:
268:
266:
244:
242:
217:
200:
183:
168:
162:
159:
150:
146:thermosyphon
130:
118:
113:ribbon brush
112:
70:
51:
38:
37:
2821:Watt engine
2621:Oscillating
2577:Boiler feed
2422:Plate chain
2401:Tusi couple
2314:Walschaerts
2199:Atmospheric
2143:Superheater
2097:Water gauge
1955:Corner tube
1722:Rippon 1988
1631:(73). 1931.
1496:, pp.
1472:, pp. 36–37
1326:, pp. 84–86
1108:LMS railway
1068:superheater
973: (H97)
953:From 1929,
896:LMS railway
806:Abner Doble
802:steam motor
790:metre gauge
620:Water drums
430:non-drowned
417:Thornycroft
380:Reed boiler
372:Reed boiler
208:superheater
138:Thornycroft
83:Development
58:water drums
3120:Categories
3030:Ljungström
3016:High-speed
2909:Lap Engine
2865:Resolution
2769:Precursors
2654:Kirchweger
2616:Locomotive
2563:Three-drum
2543:Field-tube
2510:Locomotive
2492:Lancashire
2412:Link chain
2396:Crankshaft
2363:Mechanisms
2291:Valve gear
2087:Steam drum
2082:Steam dome
2000:Three-drum
1960:Field-tube
1927:Transverse
1912:Locomotive
1869:Lancashire
1764:Nock, O.S.
1680:Royal Navy
1524:. Oxford:
1082:References
1027:locomotive
960:refractory
869:downcomers
842:Royal Navy
730:Colchester
645:Downcomers
573:downcomers
354:steam dome
224:Royal Navy
203:downcomers
197:Downcomers
126:Belleville
109:Royal Navy
56:above two
54:steam drum
3061:Cugnot's
3004:Salamanca
2705:Hydrolock
2690:Crosshead
2636:Condenser
2472:Egg-ended
1854:Egg-ended
1619:Phenomena
1356:(1913) .
1177:Admiralty
1116:wet steam
1038:Woolnough
969:HMS
916:superheat
881:Feedwater
758:firebrick
750:Woolnough
593:increased
529:of 1887.
441:destroyer
432:' tubes.
345:Du Temple
292:Admiralty
286:mud drums
245:du Temple
201:Separate
186:du Temple
163:du Temple
132:known as
73:firedoors
3044:See also
2970:Compound
2845:Old Bess
2685:Blowback
2608:Cylinder
2594:Injector
2553:Stirling
2548:Sentinel
2462:Haystack
2376:Cataract
2349:Southern
2339:Caprotti
2214:Compound
2133:Injector
2072:Smokebox
2005:Vertical
1990:Stirling
1980:Sentinel
1975:Monotube
1932:Vertical
1864:Haystack
1567:(1905).
1076:firedoor
971:Hyperion
941:Backwall
914:Initial
900:top feed
818:Colombia
776:for the
774:railcars
754:Sentinel
639:grooving
458:launches
453:boiler.
451:'Daring'
333:Le Havre
228:grooving
214:Furnaces
3146:Boilers
2760:History
2669:Surface
2487:Cornish
2447:Boilers
2329:Corliss
2266:Corliss
2249:D slide
2219:Uniflow
2209:Cornish
2052:Firebox
1902:Haycock
1892:Cochran
1849:Cornish
1830:Boilers
1794:YouTube
1452:Yarrows
965:priming
726:Mumford
481:place.
392:Palmers
340:Normand
325:Normand
294:pattern
169:Normand
124:or the
77:stokers
62:furnace
3072:(1784)
3066:(1769)
3032:(1908)
3026:(1862)
3007:(1812)
2999:(1805)
2989:Murray
2980:(1803)
2959:(1804)
2953:(1803)
2947:(1803)
2941:(1801)
2911:(1788)
2905:(1786)
2899:(1785)
2893:(1783)
2887:(1782)
2868:(1781)
2860:(1779)
2854:(1778)
2848:(1777)
2840:(1768)
2812:(1795)
2806:(1760)
2798:(1725)
2779:(1698)
2745:Stroke
2710:Piston
2695:Cutoff
2568:Yarrow
2520:Launch
2515:Scotch
2276:Sleeve
2271:Poppet
2256:Piston
2237:Valves
2229:Valves
2010:Yarrow
1985:Spiral
1970:LaMont
1922:Scotch
1917:Pistol
1907:Launch
1746:
1686:
1547:
1290:
1263:
1233:
1201:
1146:
1060:frames
935:-class
928:-class
926:Nelson
874:inside
858:Haslar
850:Second
693:Hornet
678:Havock
512:Yarrow
446:Daring
396:Jarrow
366:Yarrow
289:later
274:reamed
174:Yarrow
2678:Other
2482:Flued
2467:Wagon
2391:Crank
2334:Lentz
2324:Baker
2319:Allan
2244:Slide
1965:Flash
1874:Wagon
1859:Flued
1362:Steam
963:with
846:First
794:Co-Co
763:twice
658:When
568:Velox
234:Types
190:scale
156:Tubes
47:ships
2830:Beam
2371:Beam
2281:Bash
2261:Drop
2204:Watt
2077:Stay
1744:ISBN
1684:ISBN
1545:ISBN
1288:ISBN
1261:ISBN
1231:ISBN
1199:ISBN
1144:ISBN
1015:LNER
1005:was
933:Kent
902:for
848:and
780:and
778:LNER
748:The
724:The
691:HMS
676:HMS
597:some
510:The
444:HMS
414:The
323:The
303:and
284:The
267:The
243:The
166:and
66:flue
2649:Jet
2477:Box
2309:Joy
2299:Gab
1844:Box
1792:on
1621:".
1590:III
1021:in
856:at
816:of
782:LMS
394:of
331:of
3122::
1738:.
1698:^
1629:68
1627:.
1588:.
1460:^
1450:.
1423:^
1370:^
1343:^
1245:^
1213:^
1185:^
1175:.
1158:^
1128:^
1051:.
575:.
307:.
107:A
68:.
2177:e
2170:t
2163:v
1822:e
1815:t
1808:v
1752:.
1692:.
1660:.
1646:.
1606:.
1553:.
1454:.
1296:.
1269:.
1239:.
1207:.
1152:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
