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116:, by S. Mann, LVAC (List Visual Arts Center), October 1997. The video is taken by EyeTap Generation-2 Glass (shown here worn by the mannequin) through the viewfinder of a hand-held video camera. The wearer of the EyeTap records what is seen while looking into the eyecup of the hand-held camera, resulting in what Mann refers to as a "Meta Documentary" (a documentary about making a documentary).
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extension tubes, and their autofocus function and digital viewing screen make it easy to focus and judge framing and exposure. Moreover, the EyeTap device captures exactly what the eye sees, and therefore can capture video recordings of anything that the human eye can look into. It is thus much better suited to this type of photography/videography than most previously known cameras.
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71:, with the viewfinder plane at 90 degrees to the image plane. The image in a TLR viewfinder is laterally reversed, i.e. it is a mirror image. Most photographers use a cardboard tube or other apparatus connecting the two cameras in order to eliminate stray light and prevent reflections from appearing on the viewfinder glass or on the lens of the imaging camera.
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record, and the resulting "Meta
Documentary" is edited down from both camera feeds (the camera being looked into, as well as the camera that's looking into its viewfinder). In other cases, the second camera is just a "dummy" camera that does not actually record, and its purpose is only to be looked through.
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Videos shot using TtV are known as "Meta
Documentaries", an example of which was ShootingBack, by S. Mann, in which a covert EyeTap wearable camera was used to shoot through the viewfinder of various standard hand-held video and motion picture film cameras. In some situations both of the two cameras
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In addition, the popularity of digital photography and of on-line auction sites has led to a big increase in the number lot of older medium format TLRs and pseudo TLRs on the second hand market. Many people find it more convenient to use these cameras for TtV photography than to use them with film.
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This embodiment..., when manufactured in a wearable form (e.g. covertly concealed in eyeglasses) may be used for meta documentary, such as when shooting a documentary about shooting a documentary. In metadocumentary, the wearer of the glasses carries an ordinary camcorder and records the experience
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U.S. Patent 6614408 (S. Mann, 1999), entitled "Eye-tap for electronic newsgathering, documentary video, photojournalism, and personal safety", describes this method of using 2 cameras, the first of which is a wearable camera, and the second camera is handheld, so as to record the experience of one
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Post-processing can be done with image editing software. This normally involves cropping the image to a square and straightening it. The cropping is necessary because in most cases the (normally square) viewfinder image covers only about 25- 50% of the area of the (normally rectangular) digital
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devices. Before the advent of digital photography it was necessary to use extension tubes to photograph a close-up object such as a viewfinder, and it was difficult to judge focusing precisely. Both compact digital cameras and digital SLRs are able to focus on close objects without the need for
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Set-up for through the viewfinder photography. The photograph is taken by a digital camera, top, through the viewfinder of a Kodak
Duaflex box camera. The two cameras are linked by a cardboard tube to block out extraneous light and avoid reflections from the Duaflex
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of looking through the viewfinder of the camcorder. In this way the wearer, in effect... a viewfinder for the viewfinder of the camcorder. Thus the wearer can capture a true and accurate depiction of what it is like to walk around with a camcorder, so that
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Color and saturation adjustments depend on the taste of the photographer, some photographers prefer to keep such adjustments to a minimum while others prefer more radical adjustments, such as the "Urban Acid" action for the image editing programs
133:. Similar large, clear square viewfinders were popular in TLRs and pseudo TLRs until the mid-1960s. These medium format cameras became less popular with the advent of 35mm SLRs and compact cameras in the 1960s and 1970s.
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While waist-level viewfinders have been common in box cameras since the beginning of the 20th century, large viewfinders of the sort that are suitable for TtV photography became popular in the late 1920s and 1930s with
268:"Mirroring Medusa: counterveillance in ShootingBack", Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Information Visualization, Jieun Rhee Dept. of Art History, Boston Univ., MA, pp408-412, 1999
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The idea of photographing an image through the viewfinder of such a camera is relatively new, and TtV photography and filmography has come into use with the advent of digital cameras and
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A photographer demonstrating the TtV technique (left); resultant photograph (right). Note mirrored image and post processing color adjustments in the TtV photo. Shot with a
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Steve Mann, “ShootingBack.” The Art of
Detection: Surveillance in Society. Ed. Jennifer Riddell. Exhibition catalogue at MIT List Visual Art Center. Cambridge: 1997.
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so they can vicariously experience the making of a documentary. The camcorder need not actually record, but may in fact be nothing more than a prop.
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is a photographic or videographic technique in which a
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1318:Long-exposure
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747:Manufacturers
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123:medium format
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96:Kodak Brownie
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92:Kodak Duaflex
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2061:Polaroid art
1955:K-14 process
1950:Instant film
1945:Gum printing
1900:C-41 process
1885:Photographic
1786:Image sensor
1781:Film scanner
1435:Sun printing
1368:Print toning
1155:space selfie
1125:Pictorialism
1055:Ethnographic
1035:Conservation
907:Guide number
902:Focal length
423:
409:Polaroid art
318:Flickr group
297:
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55:through the
36:
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28:
27:
2066:Stereoscopy
1930:E-6 process
1925:Dye coupler
1858:color space
1771:Digiscoping
1764:camera back
1679:Philippines
1608:Visual arts
1598:Glass plate
1583:Heliography
1482:Composition
1457:Ultraviolet
1413:Stereoscopy
1408:Slow motion
1393:Scanography
1308:Kite aerial
1248:Contre-jour
1140:Post-mortem
1130:Pornography
1110:Neues Sehen
1045:Documentary
979:Zone System
954:Reciprocity
880:Film format
810:Backscatter
788:Terminology
658:beauty dish
557:rangefinder
522:light-field
503:Photography
434:Ultraviolet
339:photography
337:Alternative
37:photography
2056:Lomography
1887:processing
1836:Print film
1752:comparison
1719:Uzbekistan
1669:Luxembourg
1629:Bangladesh
1578:Dufaycolor
1558:Box camera
1515:Simplicity
1472:Zoom burst
1467:Xerography
1462:Vignetting
1452:Time-lapse
1440:Tilt–shift
1333:Mordançage
1323:Luminogram
1288:Holography
1283:High-speed
1263:Fill flash
1243:Burst mode
1221:Techniques
1202:Vernacular
1197:Underwater
1192:Toy camera
1172:Still life
1100:Monochrome
1090:High-speed
1040:Cloudscape
1030:Conceptual
932:Photograph
917:Lens flare
897:Film speed
779:Zone plate
725:wide-angle
710:long-focus
251:References
189:through a
127:Rolleiflex
80:vignetting
57:viewfinder
41:photograph
2006:Norwegian
1970:Stop bath
1915:Developer
1543:Ambrotype
1505:Lead room
1428:Slit-scan
1363:Photogram
1358:Panoramic
1268:Fireworks
1253:Cyanotype
1095:Landscape
740:telephoto
688:reflector
683:monolight
678:lens hood
663:cucoloris
599:safelight
510:Equipment
374:Cyanotype
220:picture.
187:Nikon D90
168:TtV video
84:Anscoflex
2111:Category
2085:Category
1791:CMOS APS
1689:Slovenia
1617:Regional
1563:Calotype
1500:Headroom
1378:Redscale
1293:Infrared
1238:Brenizer
1212:Wildlife
1135:Portrait
1080:Forensic
1070:Fine-art
1005:Aircraft
995:Abstract
875:F-number
855:Exposure
830:Clipping
805:Aperture
673:hot shoe
594:enlarger
589:Darkroom
414:Redscale
389:Infrared
239:See also
129:and the
88:Argus 75
2096:Outline
2032:Related
1724:Vietnam
1709:Ukraine
1644:Denmark
1624:Albania
1603:Tintype
1530:History
1495:Framing
1388:Rollout
1353:Panning
1303:Kirlian
1207:Wedding
1085:Glamour
1065:Fashion
1050:Eclipse
1020:Banquet
942:Albumen
752:Monopod
730:fisheye
698:softbox
547:pinhole
537:instant
527:digital
399:Pinhole
102:History
2094:
2083:
2016:street
2011:Polish
1704:Turkey
1699:Taiwan
1684:Serbia
1674:Norway
1649:Greece
1634:Canada
1228:Afocal
1187:Street
1167:Sports
1150:Selfie
1105:Nature
1060:Erotic
1025:Candid
1000:Aerial
988:Genres
890:medium
767:Tripod
735:swivel
648:Filter
626:holder
621:format
517:Camera
429:Toning
138:EyeTap
53:camera
24:glass.
2021:women
1979:Lists
1935:Fixer
1818:Pixel
1747:D-SLR
1694:Sudan
1664:Korea
1659:Japan
1654:India
1639:China
1423:Strip
1348:Night
1328:Macro
1233:Bokeh
1177:Stock
1145:Ruins
885:large
715:prime
693:snoot
653:Flash
631:stock
606:Drone
567:still
552:press
542:phone
532:field
45:video
2044:film
1759:MILC
1258:ETTR
1115:Nude
1075:Fire
974:Sync
772:head
720:zoom
705:Lens
668:gobo
616:base
611:Film
582:view
233:GIMP
94:and
1796:CCD
577:toy
572:TLR
562:SLR
231:or
76:TLR
47:or
43:or
33:TtV
2113::
273:^
259:^
235:.
98:.
90:,
86:,
35:)
495:e
488:t
481:v
461:e
454:t
447:v
193:.
31:(
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