88:, took these principles as foundational for its establishment. However, in its alignment with China's United Front Work Department, the TSPM sought to unify all Christians in China behind the government's political and social agenda and thus politicized matters of religious belief and practice and "subordinated the religious mission of the church to the political agenda of the Communist Party." This represented a fundamental change in the concept of the three-self principle from a religious one to a political one. The TSPM’s implementation resulted in the suppression of other expressions of three-self principles that pre-existed it.
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35:. Its principles are: self-governance, self-support (i.e., financial independence from foreigners), and self-propagation (i.e., indigenous missionary work). It was first coined in the late-19th century by various missions theorists, and is still used today in certain contexts such as in the
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of
Christian missions reflecting an almost universal agreement that the future of the Chinese church depended on the indigenization of the leadership, and the finding of sufficiently Chinese modes of
63:. The "Nevius Method," named for John Livingstone Nevius, a missionary to China and Korea, developed the three-self principle of Venn and Anderson into a plan for establishing indigenous churches.
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In the early 20th century Roland Allen, a former
Anglican missionary to China wrote two influential books that promoted the concept of indigenous churches based on the three-self principle.
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The three principles of self-governance, self-support (i.e., financial independence from foreigners), and self-propagation (i.e., indigenous missionary work) were first articulated by
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By 1877 three-self principles were much discussed among missionaries to China. The principles were drafted formally during an 1892 conference in
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Chow, Christie Chui-Shan; Lee, Joseph Tse-Hei (2016), "Covert and Overt
Activism: Christianity in 1950s Coastal China",
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Christianity Reborn: The Global
Expansion of Evangelicalism in the Twentieth Century
99:, have later argued that there needs to now be a fourth "self," self-theologizing.
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232:, Shanghai, China: Presbyterian Mission Press, pp. 39, 264, 289, 330, 477
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Christianity: An Interplay between Global and Local Perspectives
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Mission: Paradigm Shifts in Theology of Mission
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193:(3rd ed.), New York: Foreign Missionary Library,
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Writings of…
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American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
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The Planting and Development of Missionary Churches
215:, Seoul, South Korea: Christian Literature Society
16:Mission strategy to establish indigenous churches
8:
356:. Baker Publishing Group. pp. 193–226.
383:. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books. p. 462.
353:Anthropological Insights for Missionaries
270:Missionary Methods: St. Paul's or Ours?
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173:Venn, Henry (1971), Warren, M (ed.),
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336:, Boston: Brill, pp. 211, 218
302:. William B. Eerdmans. p. 90.
287:, London: The World Dominion Press
226:Yates, Matthew Tyson, ed. (1878),
91:Some scholars of mission, such as
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189:Nevius, John Livingstone (1899),
213:The Nevius Plan for Mission Work
125:Indigenous church mission theory
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243:Grant, Paul (January 1, 2007),
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315:Frontiers of History in China
211:Clark, Charles Allen (1937),
82:Three-Self Patriotic Movement
37:Three-Self Patriotic Movement
332:Ng, Peter Tze Ming (2012),
59:, foreign secretary of the
51:, General Secretary of the
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152:Christianity Today Library
298:Lewis, Donald M. (2004).
53:Church Missionary Society
416:History of Protestantism
377:Bosch, David J. (1991).
177:, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans
55:from 1841 to 1873, and
283:Allen, Roland (1927),
268:Allen, Roland (1912),
31:strategy to establish
246:The Three Self Church
86:Christianity in China
25:three-self principle
130:Contextual theology
117:Christianity portal
39:in mainland China.
33:indigenous churches
421:World Christianity
411:Christian missions
272:, London: R. Scott
21:three-self formula
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97:David Bosch
405:Categories
136:References
49:Henry Venn
199:601015072
350:(1985).
103:See also
68:Shanghai
72:worship
43:History
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253:May 1,
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158:May 1,
249:, NSM
27:is a
385:ISBN
358:ISBN
255:2007
195:OCLC
160:2007
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