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Thumal the Qahraman

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329: 323: 176:(a judge adjudicating Islamic law), for she only dealt with secular law. She was put in charge of rescripting the petitions which petitioners brought to the court. Her position was an extraordinary unique for her sex. She was appointed by Umm Jafar Muqtadir, the mother to caliph Jafar 226:, Thumal carried out her duties well enough to achieve popularity among the public in her office, especially because of reforms which lowered the cost for a plaintiff to initiate a case. However, her appointment was described in Muslim history, among others by 207:
When Shaghab secured the succession of her son to the throne, she de facto seized power and appointed a parallel bureaucracy to handle state affairs. Shaghab stated that the affairs of the
219:, in effect minister of justice or chief administrator of justice, and supervisor of the qadis. The qadis opposed to be supervised by a woman, but was forced to accept the appointment. 422: 417: 263:
See Karen Bauer, 'Debates on Women's Status as Judges and Witnesses in Post-Formative Islamic Law,' Journal of the American Oriental Society, 130.1 (2010), 1-21.
442: 432: 368: 437: 284: 397: 457: 298:, Mernissi, Fatima, and Mary Jo. Lakeland. The Forgotten Queens of Islam. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1993. 42–43. Print. 168:) (died 929) was a Muslim woman appointed in 918 as a judge in a maẓālim (secular administrative) court during the reign of Caliph 276: 361: 427: 402: 462: 407: 354: 306: 213:, especially justice, was better administered with a woman in charge. In 918 she appointed Thumal in charge of 447: 392: 452: 387: 412: 280: 112: 338: 295: 159: 239: 181: 230:, as one example of a series of "scandals whose equal has not been seen to this day". 381: 17: 193: 201: 177: 169: 68: 301: 322: 227: 215: 197: 130: 108: 47: 223: 209: 143: 140: 244: 173: 95: 342: 136: 126: 118: 102: 83: 78: 64: 45: 32: 337:This Iraqi law-related biographical article is a 423:10th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate 418:10th-century women from the Abbasid Caliphate 362: 8: 275:Mernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo Lakeland (2003). 369: 355: 271: 269: 29: 256: 180:-billah (r. 908–923), the eighteenth 7: 443:Courtiers from the Abbasid Caliphate 318: 316: 163: 433:Officials of the Abbasid Caliphate 341:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by 27:Abbasid Judge of Mazalim (918–929) 25: 438:Slaves from the Abbasid Caliphate 327: 321: 94:Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate (now 1: 277:The forgotten queens of Islam 87: 172:(r. 908–932). She was not a 279:. Oxford University Press. 222:According to the historian 479: 315: 192:Thumal was originally the 458:Asian law biography stubs 149: 74: 53: 41: 307:Al Bidayah wa al-Nihayah 119:Cause of death 398:Women's rights in Islam 428:Women legal scholars 34:Thumal the Qahraman 403:People from Baghdad 200:, mother of Caliph 156:Thumal the Qahraman 91: 890s or 900s 18:Thumal the qahraman 463:Iraqi people stubs 408:9th-century births 350: 349: 285:978-0-19-579868-5 153: 152: 122:illness (natural) 113:Abbasid Caliphate 46:Abbasid Judge of 16:(Redirected from 470: 371: 364: 357: 333: 332: 331: 330: 325: 317: 288: 273: 264: 261: 167: 92: 89: 79:Personal details 58: 30: 21: 478: 477: 473: 472: 471: 469: 468: 467: 378: 377: 376: 375: 328: 326: 320: 313: 296:Fatema Mernissi 292: 291: 274: 267: 262: 258: 253: 236: 190: 107: 93: 90: 59: 54: 37: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 476: 474: 466: 465: 460: 455: 450: 445: 440: 435: 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 380: 379: 374: 373: 366: 359: 351: 348: 347: 334: 311: 310: 299: 290: 289: 265: 255: 254: 252: 249: 248: 247: 242: 240:Women in islam 235: 232: 196:-assistant of 189: 186: 182:Abbasid caliph 151: 150: 147: 146: 138: 134: 133: 128: 124: 123: 120: 116: 115: 104: 100: 99: 85: 81: 80: 76: 75: 72: 71: 66: 62: 61: 51: 50: 43: 42: 39: 38: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 475: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 448:Abbasid harem 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 393:Sharia judges 391: 389: 386: 385: 383: 372: 367: 365: 360: 358: 353: 352: 346: 344: 340: 335: 324: 319: 314: 309: 308: 303: 300: 297: 294: 293: 286: 282: 278: 272: 270: 266: 260: 257: 250: 246: 243: 241: 238: 237: 233: 231: 229: 225: 220: 218: 217: 212: 211: 205: 203: 199: 195: 187: 185: 183: 179: 175: 171: 166: 165:ثمل القهرمانة 161: 157: 148: 145: 142: 139: 135: 132: 129: 125: 121: 117: 114: 110: 105: 101: 97: 86: 82: 77: 73: 70: 67: 63: 57: 52: 49: 44: 40: 36:ثمل القهرمانة 31: 19: 453:House slaves 388:Women judges 343:expanding it 336: 312: 305: 259: 221: 214: 208: 206: 191: 164: 155: 154: 55: 202:al-Muqtadir 178:al-Muqtadir 170:al-Muqtadir 69:al-Muqtadir 60:918–928/929 413:929 deaths 382:Categories 302:Ibn Kathir 251:References 194:qahramāna 127:Residence 56:In office 234:See also 228:Ibn Hazm 137:Religion 216:mazalim 198:Shaghab 131:Baghdad 109:Baghdad 65:Monarch 48:Mazalim 283:  224:Tabari 160:Arabic 106:c. 929 210:ummah 144:Islam 141:Sunni 339:stub 281:ISBN 245:Qadi 188:Life 174:Qadi 103:Died 96:Iraq 84:Born 204:. 384:: 304:, 268:^ 184:. 162:: 111:, 88:c. 370:e 363:t 356:v 345:. 287:. 158:( 98:) 20:)

Index

Thumal the qahraman
Mazalim
al-Muqtadir
Iraq
Baghdad
Abbasid Caliphate
Baghdad
Sunni
Islam
Arabic
al-Muqtadir
Qadi
al-Muqtadir
Abbasid caliph
qahramāna
Shaghab
al-Muqtadir
ummah
mazalim
Tabari
Ibn Hazm
Women in islam
Qadi


The forgotten queens of Islam
ISBN
978-0-19-579868-5
Fatema Mernissi
Ibn Kathir

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