156:, one of the parties vying for control after the 13th Dalai Lama's death, conspired to accuse Kunphela of playing a role in the sudden death of the Dalai Lama, and gathered the support of a large number of abbots and monks. The charge was also given support by several Lungshar's friends in the Kashag, who confirmed that only Kunphela accompanied the Dalai Lama all the time. In the meanwhile, Lungshar took advantage of the Trongdra soldiers' dissatisfaction and successfully persuaded them to mutiny. On the third day after death of the Dalai Lama, the entire regiment demonstrated before the Norbulingka and demanded its own disbandment. The regiment was then disbanded on the Kashag's order.
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In 1952, Kunphela was one of the staff members of the Grain
Procurement Bureau, an newly established institution under the Kashag for resolving the problem of grain shortage. In 1956, Kunphela became the deputy director of the Bureau of Geology under the Preparatory Committee for the Tibet Autonomous
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After the desertion of the
Trongdra Regiment, Kunphela was arrested and confined in the Sharcenchog prison. Lungshar sought to inflict death or mutilation on Kunphela, but the suggestion was opposed by the Assembly. Eventually, Kunphela was only convicted of failing to deliver prompt notification
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After the death of the 13th Dalai Lama in
December 1933, Kunphela's status became unclear. Initially, Kunphela was confident of his position because of his control of the Trongdra Regiment. He held the power to organize the construction of the Dalai Lama's tomb, and a large part of lay officials
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Government in Tibet. Thubten Sangbo, the
Tibetan Government's representative in Nanking, was informed. The news soon reached Lhasa, and led to Reting's arrest. Kunphela was allowed back to Lhasa in 1948, obviously because of his role in the Reting affair. According to Sampho Tenzin Dhondup,
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Kunphela's motive was a conflict from the time
Kunphela worked for Reting's trade company in India: Kunphela made several purchases in Bombay, but was not reimbursed for his loss even though Reting's company was far from short of funds.
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By 1933, Kunphela had gained the authority of appointing and dismissing government officials. He also controlled the importation and distribution of arms and ammunition. Kunphela issued orders without the need of confirmation of the
204:, a leading figure in the party, were discovered in Tibet. Under pressure from the Tibetan Government, the Government of India placed Kunphela under surveillance after 1946 and deported him to China one year later. At the time,
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in 1939. According to
Pandatsang, the primary goals of the party were "liberation of Tibet from the existing tyrannical government," and a political and societal revolution in Tibet for a secular government under the
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present in the
National Assembly, composing of government officials and abbots of key monasteries, supported him to become regent even though the position was traditionally for an incarnate lama.
85:'s rule, known as the "strong man of Tibet". Kunphela was arrested and exiled after the death of the Dalai Lama in 1933. He later escaped to India and became a co-founder of the India-based
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with the aim of establishing a secular government in Tibet. He worked in
Nanking after the attempt to start a revolution in Tibet failed, and returned to Tibet in 1948.
168:, the most inauspicious day of the year. All his property and that of his relatives was confiscated. Kunphela's father was sent back to serve as a serf in Nyemo.
255:. Kunphela became vice-director of the Executive Office under the General Office of the Preparatory Committee. He died in Lhasa on December 22, 1963, aged 58.
109:. His intelligence gained the Dalai Lama's attention, and subsequently he became a household servant, and then the favorite personal attendant, known as
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offered him a position as a lecturer which would have allowed him to legally remain in India. Kunphela refused the offer and left for
Shanghai in 1947.
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under his control. The soldiers were recruited from middle-class families, and the equipment and training far exceeded other
Tibetan troops.
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Electrical Machine Office, in charge of several mints and munition factories that were considered the most modern ones of Tibet at the time.
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Kunphela fled to India in 1937 together with Canglocen, a well-known poet and ex-official who was exiled because of supporting Lungshar. In
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Region (PCTAR). He attended the 8th anniversary celebrations of China in Beijing, and was received, along with other Tibetan visitors, by
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on August 31, 1933, the official Kunphel is on the extreme right. He was responsible for the modernization of the Tibetan National Mint.
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or the Dalai Lama, and his orders were obeyed as much as those from the Dalai Lama himself. He was known as the "strong man of Tibet".
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81:, was a Tibetan politician and one of the most powerful political figures in Tibet during the later years of the
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Qiepai; Hou Qingxian (2008). "Researches into Tudenggongpei's political career and reasons for his turnaround".
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Kunphela and Tashi Dhondup with Baby Austin at Dekyi-Lingka (the British Residence) in 1933 Lhasa
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Dawa (2007). "The full story of Gyentsan Tuden Gongpye joining Tibet Revolutionary Party".
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In 1932, he successfully persuaded the Dalai Lama to allow him to establish a
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A history of modern Tibet, Volume 2: The calm before the storm, 1951–1955
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A history of modern Tibet, 1913–1951: The demise of the Lamaist state
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about the Dalai Lama's illness, and sentenced to exile for life to
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Kunphela was born as Dechen Chödrön in a "taxpayer" serf family in
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was appealing to the Kuomintang government to overthrow the
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In 1947, Kunphela discovered that the ex-regent of Tibet,
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164:. He was banished in public on the second day before the
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for a while, but was eventually able to work for the
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After the deportation, Kunphela lived in poverty in
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188:nationalist and intellectual, and started the
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101:in 1905. At the age of 12, he was sent to
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226:Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission
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172:Founding of Tibet Improvement Party
105:as a servant in the palace of the
77:, 1905 – 1963), commonly known as
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509:. University of California Press.
497:. University of California Press.
121:. In 1931, he became the head of
530:. New York: Potala Publications.
516:The history of Tibet, Volume III
466:Journal of Aba Teachers' College
1:
560:20th-century Tibetan people
435:Journal of Tibet University
200:In 1946, the activities of
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565:Tibetan emigrants to India
528:Tibet: A political history
518:. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
514:McKay, Alex, ed. (2003).
228:following an invitation.
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190:Tibet Improvement Party
87:Tibet Improvement Party
524:Shakabpa, Tsepon W. D.
236:Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen
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117:and the expansion of
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503:Goldstein, Melvyn C.
487:Goldstein, Melvyn C.
75:thub bstan kun vphel
52:Frederick Williamson
555:Tibetan politicians
408:, pp. 450–453.
372:, pp. 172–174.
278:, pp. 147–155.
206:Varanasi University
152:In the meanwhile,
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195:Republic of China
130:Trongdra Regiment
67:ཐུབ་བསྟན་ཀུན་འཕེལ
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107:13th Dalai Lama
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83:13th Dalai Lama
59:Thubten Kunphel
48:Drapshi Lekhung
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468:(in Chinese).
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452:Goldstein 2004
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421:Goldstein 1989
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394:Goldstein 1989
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346:Goldstein 1989
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322:Goldstein 1989
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202:Gendün Chöphel
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20:Kunphela in
550:1963 deaths
545:1905 births
180:, they met
119:Norbulingka
539:Categories
480:References
382:McKay 2003
334:McKay 2003
253:Zhou Enlai
249:Mao Zedong
212:Later life
178:Kalimpong
22:Kalimpong
526:(1984).
505:(2004).
489:(1989).
218:Shanghai
154:Lungshar
144:Downfall
79:Kunphela
222:Nanking
123:Trapchi
63:Tibetan
41:Tibetan
240:Taktra
186:Khamba
162:Kongpo
138:Kashag
111:jensey
259:Notes
103:Lhasa
99:Nyemo
71:Wylie
43:coin
472:(1).
441:(1).
251:and
220:and
184:, a
45:mint
39:The
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439:22
413:^
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61:(
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