709:
1048:(Di Renjie yu Wu Zetian Chuanqi 狄仁杰与武则天传奇, 1996) appeared in Chinese television. Here, Di Renjie's representation resonates strongly with the age-old literary tradition of “pure officials” that had enjoyed enduring popularity in the past. Unlike the drama of 1986, this time, great attention was paid to historical details and to the construction of the characters based on historical figures. Here, Di Renjie is no longer a Western detective in the shoes of a Chinese official, he no longer lives in the “eternal China” described by van Gulik, but he reactivates the cultural icon of “pure official” who fights corruption and crimes. (see: L. Benedetti, Further definition of Di Renjie's identity(ies) in Chinese history, literature, and media, «Frontiers of History in China», 2017, 12(4), pp. 599–620.)
903:
Ashina Mochuo completed his pillaging of the northern prefectures and withdrew; Di's army never engaged him. Wu Zetian subsequently commissioned Di to tour the prefectures to pacify the people, and he was said to have done so well, helping refugees to return to their home, transporting food supplies to places needing them, repairing the roads, and helping the poor. Fearful that other officials would trouble the people with demands for luxury items, he made a good example of eating unrefined foods and prohibiting harassment of the citizens. Meanwhile, though, he was said to have looked down on Lou, not realizing that Lou had been the one that had recommended that he be made chancellor, until Wu Zetian revealed to him that fact, causing him to be embarrassed.
1033:(Kuaizhi renkou de xiyang Digong’an 脍炙人口的西洋狄公案) to introduce to the Chinese reader van Gulik's series, and published it in Zhonghua dushubao (中华读书报) and later, on Renmin Ribao (人民日报). These articles immediately aroused great interest in China. Magazines, newspapers, and publishing houses wrote to Zhao Yiheng to pray for him to translate van Gulik's stories, but Zhao was too busy and asked his friend Chen Laiyuan (陈来元). After that, Cheng Laiyuan, his wife, and two of his friends worked hard from the spring of 1981 until the summer of 1986, and finally all van Gulik's stories were published in China under the title
692:, was still in Yu Prefecture, and his officers and soldiers were demanding various supplies from the Yu prefectural government, requests that Di mostly turned down. This led to an argument with Zhang, and Zhang accused him of showing contempt. In turn, Di angrily stated that Zhang was killing alleged coconspirators of Li Zhen excessively and that if he had the authority to do so, he would have beheaded Zhang even if it meant his own death. Zhang was greatly offended and, upon returning to Luoyang, accused Di of contempt, and Empress Dowager Wu demoted Di to be the prefect of Fu Prefecture (復州, in modern
918:(國老, "the State Elder") without referring to him by name. It was said that, on account of his old age, he often offered to retire, and she repeatedly declined. Further, she stopped him from kneeling and bowing to her, stating, "When I see you kneeling, I feel the pain." She also ordered that he not be required to rotate with other chancellors for night duty, warning the other chancellors not to bother Di unless there was something important. Di died in November that year, and it was said that she wept bitterly, stating, "The Southern Palace is now empty."
1301:
583:
774:, who was seized to be a servant at the ministry of agriculture, made a petition to Wu Zetian and told her that Lai was so skillful at manufacturing charges that even the most honest and faithful individuals would be forced into confessions by Lai. Wu Zetian thereafter summoned the seven accused officials and personally interrogated them, and after they disavowed the forged confessions, released but exiled them—in Di's case, to be the magistrate of Pengze County (彭澤, in modern
801:). It was said that Di's predecessor Dugu Sizhuang (獨孤思莊), in fear of a Khitan attack, had ordered the people of the prefecture to all move within the prefectural capital's walls, drawing much fear and resentment from the people. When Di arrived, he, judging the Khitan forces to be still far away, ordered that the people be allowed to return to their homes and farms, gaining much gratitude from the people. After Sun's forces collapsed in 697 after a surprise attack by the
171:
895:, on the merits of the proposal—pointing out that as things stood, after Wu Zetian's death, they would be hated and would suffer terrible fates. Wu Zetian finally agreed, and in spring 698 recalled Li Zhe to the capital. Li Dan subsequently offered to yield the crown prince position to Li Zhe, and Wu Zetian agreed and made Li Zhe crown prince, changing his name to Li Xian, and then Wu Xian. She soon made Di
38:
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767:, he refused. Di then wrote a petition on his blanket and hid it inside cotton clothes, and then had his family members take the clothes home to be changed into summer clothes. Wu Zetian thereafter became suspicious and inquired with Lai, who responded by forging, in the names of Di and the other officials, submissions thanking Wu Zetian for preparing to execute them.
1313:
1341:
609:). At that time, the censor Guo Han (郭翰) was commissioned to tour the prefectures in the area, and wherever he went, he found faults with the prefects and corrected them, but when he arrived at Ning Prefecture, it was said that the people had no complaints about Di and praised him greatly. Guo recommended Di to Emperor Ruizong's mother and
553:, Di was serving as the secretary general at the supreme court (大理丞), and it was said that he was an efficient and fair judge, judging some 17,000 cases within a year without anyone complaining about the results. In 676, there was an event in which the general Quan Shancai (權善才) and the military officer Fan Huaiyi (范懷義) accidentally cut
859:, the Prince of Liang, both had designs on the position, and repeatedly had their associates reason with Wu Zetian that there had never been an emperor who made someone of a different family name his heir. Di, on the other hand, repeatedly argued to her that it is more proper for her to make her son her heir, and that Li Dan's brother,
1041:(Di Renjie duan’an chuanqi 狄仁杰断案传奇), the first Chinese television drama based on Judge Dee. It was a twenty-five-episode detective drama adapted from Van Gulik's Judge Dee mysteries. Each of van Gulik's stories were adapted into one, two, or three episodes, although some simplifications were made due to the small screen requirements.
674:(文昌臺)), the prefect of Yu Prefecture to succeed Li Zhen. At that time, some 600 to 700 households were accused of being complicit in Li Zhen's rebellion and were forced to serve as servants. At Di's request, they were relieved from those obligations, but were exiled to Feng Prefecture (豐州, roughly modern
763:, and Li Sizhen (李嗣真), of treason. Lai tried to induce them to confess by citing an imperial edict that stated that those who confessed would be spared their lives, and Di confessed and was not tortured—but when Lai's subordinate Wang Deshou (王德壽) tried to induce him to implicate another chancellor,
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Wu Zetian was impressed by the response and praised him. Later that year, when the imperial university's student Wang Xunzhi (王循之) submitted a petition to Wu Zetian asking her to permit him to go on vacation, she was poised to issue an edict to approve of the request, when Di opposed the edict—not on
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In 690, Empress
Dowager Wu took the throne from Emperor Ruizong, establishing the Zhou dynasty as its "emperor" and interrupting the Tang dynasty. As of 691, Di was serving as the military advisor to the prefect of the capital prefecture of Luo Prefecture (洛州, i.e., Luoyang), when Wu Zetian promoted
1028:
Van Gulik's series of detective novels was not translated into
Chinese until the 1980s, when Professor Zhao Yiheng 赵毅衡, during his studies at the Institute of Foreign Languages of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (Zhongguo shehui kexueyuan waiwen yanjiusuo 中国社会科学院外文研究所), “re-discovered” it in
902:
Also in 698, Ashina Mochuo turned against Zhou and attacked Zhou's northern prefectures. Wu Zetian made Li Xian the nominal commanding general of the army against
Eastern Tujue, but made Di the deputy commanding general and actually in charge of the army. Before Di's army could arrive, however,
573:
was said to be favored by
Emperor Gaozong and, on account of that favor, was committing many illegal deeds and intimidating other officials. Di accused Wang of crimes; initially, Emperor Gaozong was set to pardon him. At Di's insistence—pointing out that the empire did not lack people with Wang's
545:
While at Bing
Prefecture, he was said to be caring of others. On one occasion, his colleague Zheng Chongzhi (鄭崇質) was ordered to go on an official trip to a place far away. Di, noting that Zheng's mother was old and ill, went to the secretary general Lin Renji (藺仁基) and offered to go in Zheng's
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on
Emperor Taizong's tomb—an offense punishable by removal from office, but Emperor Gaozong ordered that the two be executed. Di pointed out that, by law, the two should not be executed. This initially offended Emperor Gaozong, who ordered Di to leave his presence. Di continued to object, and
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and Di Renjie himself. The plot of each season is further divided into two or three parts, each covering one case. The story usually follows a pattern of a seemingly small case gradually leading to Di Renjie uncovering a sinister plot that threatens the
Chinese empire.
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She commented to him, "You did a good job in Ru'nan . Do you want to know who spoke against you?" (Presumably, she was referring to Zhang
Guangfu who, ironically, was executed by her in 689 on accusations that he had considered rebelling against her.) Di responded:
569:—Suyu Palace (宿羽宮), Gaoshan Palace (高山宮), and Shangyang Palace (上陽宮). Di submitted an accusation against Wei, arguing that he was leading Emperor Gaozong into being wasteful, and Wei was removed from his office. Meanwhile, around the same time, the official
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stead. It was said that Lin was so touched by the concern that Di showed Zheng as a colleague that he relayed the episode to the military advisor to the prefect, Li
Xiaolian (李孝廉), with whom Lin had a running dispute, and offered peaceful relations to Li.
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the
National Library of Beijing. Professor Zhao was completely fascinated by van Gulik's series, and thought that Chinese people must read such lovely novels that re-invented Chinese history and Chinese society. In 1981, he wrote an article entitled
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had said, 'You can tell a man's kindness by his failure.' You are a pearl from the coast and a lost treasure of the southeast." He recommended Di to become a bailiff for the commandant at Bing Prefecture (并州, roughly modern Taiyuan,
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the merits, but on the basis that university students' vacations were such minor events that she should not bother herself with them, but rather should order that such petitions be directed to the university secretaries. She agreed.
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He later wrote a series of detective novels featuring Judge Dee (“Dee” is the English adaptation of the Chinese pinyin “Di”) as the main protagonist. These, in turn, were the basis of a 1969 TV series in the UK starring
738:
If Your Imperial Majesty believed that I had faults, I am willing to correct them. If Your Imperial Majesty believed that I am without fault, that is my good fortune. I do not wish to know who spoke against
627:). He believed that the region had too many temples dedicated to unusual deities, and at his request, some 1,700 temples were destroyed; only four kinds of temples were allowed to remain—those dedicated to
937:. As these officials were later instrumental in overthrowing Wu Zetian in 705 and returning Li Xian to the throne (as Emperor Zhongzong), Di was often credited as having restored Tang by proxy.
879:(鸚鵡)) is a homophone of Your Imperial Majesty's family name. The two wings are your two sons. If you give important positions to your two sons, the two wings will surely recover.
871:, and Wu Zetian began to agree. On one occasion, Wu Zetian asked him, "Last night I dreamed of a large parrot that had two broken wings. What do you think it means?" Di responded:
708:
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813:, and Wu Yizong (武懿宗), the Prince of Henan (a grandson of her uncle Wu Shiyi (武士逸)), to tour the region north of the Yellow River to try to pacify the people.
1123:
1037:(Da Tang Di gong’an 大唐狄公案). In 1986, Chen Laiyuan and his colleagues also collaborated on the adaptation for Chinese television of a serial drama titled
944:
in Luoyang, near the Qiyun Pagoda, on the tombstone engraved the inscription "The tomb of Lord Di Renjie, famous chancellor of the Great Tang dynasty".
914:) and a post also considered one for a chancellor. By this point, she was said to have respected him so greatly that she often just referred to him as
863:, the Prince of Luling, himself a former emperor that Wu Zetian removed in 684, be recalled to the capital, a suggestion echoed by fellow chancellors
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It was said that thereafter, Wu Zetian stopped considering Wu Chengsi or Wu Sansi as heir. Meanwhile, another close advisor of Wu Zetian's,
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700:). (This was considered a demotion as, while Di remained a prefect, Fu Prefecture was smaller and less important than Yu Prefecture.)
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against Zhou prefectures north of the Yellow River, Wu Zetian promoted Di to be the prefect of Wei Prefecture (魏州, roughly modern
533:), which Bian Prefecture belonged to, he was asked to judge the case. After seeing Di, he was impressed by him, and commented, "
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1163:. Initially released on PC, the casual hidden-object game later made it on to other platforms, including Android and iOS.
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Frédéric Lenormand published 19 new novels using Judge Dee as detective from 2004 to present (éditions Fayard, Paris).
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Around 679, the minister of agriculture Wei Hongji (韋弘機) built three magnificent palaces around the eastern capital
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2024, Youku released a series called Judge Dee's Mystery, which was also sold to Netflix. Zhou Yiwei as Judge Di.
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Nupixo Games released a new point-and-click adventure game featuring an original story which involves Empress
616:(later known as Wu Zetian), and Di was recalled to Luoyang to serve as deputy minister of public works (冬官侍郎,
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Lavinia Benedetti, Further definition of Di Renjie's identity(ies) in Chinese history, literature and media,
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eventually, Emperor Gaozong relented and exiled them. Several days later, he appointed Di to the
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1061:(神探狄仁杰), starring Liang Guanhua as the titular protagonist. It was followed by three sequels:
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attacks—a petition that was not accepted but was said to be well-regarded by other officials.
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Inscription on tombstone: Tomb of Lord Di Renjie, famous chancellor of the Great Tang dynasty
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aired a television series based on detective stories related to Di Renjie, under the title
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rulers be found and be given their ancient lands, to help defend against Eastern Tujue and
517:
served as a secretary at the prefectural government of Bian Prefecture (汴州, roughly modern
1202:
only recorded that he died in the 9th month of that year (recorded as the 3rd year of the
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670:(文昌左丞), a secretary general at the executive bureau (which by that point had been renamed
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1251:, 2017, 12(4), pp. 599–620. Front.Hist. China 2017. DOI 10.3868/s020-006-017-0028-4.
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era), which corresponds to 17 Oct to 14 Nov 700 in the Julian calendar. His biography in
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Meanwhile, the general that Empress Dowager Wu sent to suppress Li Zhen's rebellion, the
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Later in 697, Di was serving as the commandant at You Prefecture (幽州, roughly modern
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Later in 688, in the aftermath of a failed rebellion by Emperor Gaozong's brother
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975:狄公案 (The Cases Solved by Judge Di), written by a pseudonymous author in 1890.
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indicate that he was 71 (by East Asian reckoning) when he died. (圣历三年卒，年七十一。)
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appeared as the Judge Dee version of the character in the 1974 ABC TV movie
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In 2012, Bigben Interactive released a video game based on Di Renjie named
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into English, and published it on his own in Tokyo in 1949 under the title
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Di Renjie was known for being studious in his youth, and after passing the
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In 688, Di was touring the Jiangnan Circuit (江南道, the region south of the
529:, was touring the Henan Circuit (河南道, the region immediately south of the
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Prior to his death, Di had recommended many capable officials, including
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the Prince of Yue, then the prefect of Yu Prefecture (豫州, roughly modern
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At that time, Wu Zetian's son Li Dan (the former Emperor Ruizong) was
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However, the young son of another chancellor who had been executed,
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novels and films. The first of these was a 64-chapter novel titled
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also recorded the same death date, while Wu Zetian's biography in
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portrayed a young Di Renjie in the 2014 Chinese television series
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talent—Emperor Gaozong relented and allowed Wang to be punished.
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759:, along with other officials Cui Xuanli (崔宣禮), Lu Xian (盧獻),
502:), and his father, Di Zhixun (狄知遜), served as the prefect of
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portrayed Di Renjie in the 2009 Hong Kong television series
832:. He submitted a petition advocating that descendants of
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against his home base, Wu Zetian had Di, the chancellor
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Di Renjie appears as the main character in a number of
643:), Wu Jizha (吳季札, a well-regarded Wu prince and son of
1137:. The two films are set as a prequel to the events in
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translated the first 30 chapters of the Chinese novel
971:武则天四大奇案 (Wu Zetian's Four Great Cases), also known as
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Di Renjie solves cases at the court of the Great Tang
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As of 686, during the reign of Emperor Gaozong's son
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Dee Goong An: Three Murder Cases Solved by Judge Dee
828:), and again gave him the chancellor designation of
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Chinese politician of the Tang and Wu Zhou dynasties
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730:(同鳳閣鸞臺平章事), making him a 'de facto chancellor.'
722:him to be the deputy minister of finance (地官侍郎,
470:(無雙譜, Table of Peerless Heroes) by Jin Guliang.
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910:(內史), the head of the legislative bureau (鳳閣,
785:In 696, during the middle of an attack by the
593:1900, housed in the Philadelphia Museum of Art
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747:In 692, Wu Zetian's secret police official,
1124:Young Detective Dee: Rise of the Sea Dragon
1174:, it was released in May 2019 for PC/Mac.
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450:(梁文惠公), was a Chinese politician of the
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1018:and the teleplay was written by
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728:Tong Fengge Luantai Pingzhangshi
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54:Please help
49:verification
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18:Ti Jen-chieh
1127:(2013) and
931:Huan Yanfan
889:Zhang Yizhi
869:Wang Jishan
791:Sun Wanrong
765:Yang Zhirou
757:Pei Xingben
749:Lai Junchen
242:Nationality
212:(700-11-11)
201:Tang Empire
140:family name
71:"Di Renjie"
1389:704 deaths
1384:630 births
1378:Categories
1178:References
1145:Bosco Wong
1088:Kent Cheng
984:Di gong’an
973:Di gong’an
948:In fiction
853:Wu Chengsi
687:chancellor
571:Wang Benli
474:Background
460:chancellor
364:Wade–Giles
287:Politician
284:Occupation
112:March 2023
82:newspapers
1326:Di Renjie
1227:, vol.206
1214:, vol.115
1170:. Titled
1168:Wu Zetian
1135:Tsui Hark
1119:Mark Chao
1115:Tsui Hark
1081:Wu Zetian
1051:In 2004,
954:Judge Dee
811:Lou Shide
753:Ren Zhigu
676:Bayan Nur
660:Zhumadian
555:cypresses
535:Confucius
527:Yan Liben
508:Chongqing
464:Wu Zetian
437:Di Renjie
356:Dí Rénjié
156:Di Renjie
1266:, vols.
1204:Sheng'li
1105:Andy Lau
1067:(2006),
935:Jing Hui
857:Wu Sansi
838:Goguryeo
776:Jiujiang
772:Le Sihui
694:Hanzhong
639:kingdom
633:Wu Taibo
603:Qingyang
444:Huaiying
250:Children
134:In this
1292:Portals
961:gong'an
826:Luantai
818:Beijing
780:Jiangxi
755:, and
698:Shaanxi
656:Li Zhen
649:Wu Zixu
647:), and
567:Luoyang
519:Kaifeng
492:Taiyuan
456:Wu Zhou
245:Chinese
236:Luoyang
221:Wu Zhou
217:Luoyang
193:Taiyuan
96:scholar
1053:CCTV-8
933:, and
916:Guolao
912:Fengge
908:Neishi
877:yingwu
861:Li Zhe
795:Handan
787:Khitan
611:regent
540:Shanxi
270:Parent
223:Empire
138:, the
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
1348:Media
1306:China
965:crime
897:Nayan
885:Ji Xu
842:Tufan
805:khan
799:Hebei
789:khan
664:Henan
607:Gansu
523:Henan
103:JSTOR
89:books
1365:Data
891:and
867:and
836:and
454:and
452:Tang
207:Died
183:Born
75:news
1284:206
1280:205
1276:204
1272:203
1268:202
1099:TVB
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739:me.
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326:狄仁杰
312:狄仁傑
186:630
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