434:. The First Jewish Law passed on May 29, 1938, defined as Jewish anyone who had converted or were born to Jewish parents after 1919. It restricted the number of Jews in many professions to twenty percent. About 5,000 Jews converted to Christianity after the passing of the First Jewish Law. The second anti-Jewish law passed a year later on May 5, 1939, defined Jews for the first time by their race and not their faith. Individuals with two, three or four Jewish-born grandparents were declared Jewish. Jews were forbidden to work in government, as editors for newspapers, and the number of Jews among theater and movie actors, physicians, lawyers and engineers was capped at six percent. All private companies were forbidden to employ more than 12% Jews. Cumulatively, 250,000 Hungarian Jews were put out of work. Virtually all Jews lost their right to vote. At the next elections held in June, only 38 Jews could vote.
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Snyder, New York on
October 7, 2013. His son Tibor Baránszki Jr., an international lawyer in China, initiated contact with Swedish diplomats in China. This led to five years of negotiation that resulted in contact with the Raoul Wallenberg family. In August 2017, Baránszki Sr. was invited by relatives of Wallenberg to be an honored guest for the annual Raoul Wallenberg Day events in Stockholm. The two men knew each other and met or spoke by telephone many times. The Israeli Postal Authority issued a stamp to honor Baránszki in April, 2017.
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needed by the United States government to do research in biochemical pharmacology, i.e. biochemistry.” After arriving in
Buffalo, she became a professor of biochemistry and cancer researcher at the University of Buffalo. She died in 2011. Baránszki adopted Katalin's son Peter Forgach, who became an eye surgeon, from her prior marriage. Their son Tibor Baranski Jr. learned Chinese as a teenager and became an international lawyer in Beijing, and their daughter Kati is as of 2019 Director of Communications at the Diocese of Buffalo.
801:, helping to organize assistance. He went to Rome in 1956 to seek Western support for the revolution. When the rebellion was crushed by the Soviets, Baránszki did not want to return home. He liked Communists as much as he liked Nazis. "If you want to think like a cartoonist, Hitler and Stalin would be two cherries on the same tree," Baránszki said. "There was no difference." He was sent back to Hungary, but he was able to slip out again among many other refugees.
753:, who told him that only 3,000 of the 12,000 protection letters previously authorized by the Nazis would be honored. Not knowing who he was talking to, he told Eichmann, "I thought I was talking to a German officer, not a German scoundrel." Baranski helped those whose protection letters were no longer valid to hide in old houses and caves used as wine cellars. Using these methods, he said, "We were able to protect between 8,000 and 12,000 Jews," he said.
667:, he later said, "I was not discouraged. Nonchalantly I pushed my way through the line and said that I was on official business." Germans and Hungarians believed that a "family could not be divided. So, if there was one Catholic spouse, for example, only one baptismal certificate was necessary. However, to cover the entire family, individual protection passes were needed, stipulating that the family was under papal protection."
438:
Jewish grandparents was added late in 1941 after some census forms had already been printed, contributing to an inaccurate count. In addition, many
Christians of Jewish ancestry did not answer the question truthfully. So while about 62,000 Christians admitted some Jewish ancestry (including 38,000 in Budapest), the actual number of Christians of Jewish origin by mid-1941 may have exceeded 85,000 and up to 100,000.
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the car through it. They finally opened the gate and offered to show him where to go, but he rudely dismissed them, saying he knew where the Jews were being held. He discovered 2,000 Jews were being held captive inside, and called out the names of the baptized individuals he had been given. Then, while he distracted the guards, his assistants gave the remaining Jews information on how to contact the underground.
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726:. Baránszki said he didn't want to go the next day, he wanted to go immediately. And he brazenly insisted on borrowing Rotta's diplomatic automobile, a Rolls-Royce limousine flying the Vatican flag. "I told his excellency, 'The Nazis are primitive people. A little shoehorn car would not show any representation of power. The Nazis would be impressed by a Rolls-Royce.'"
356:, the Vatican's representative in Budapest. He persuaded Rotta to give him papers that would allow a Jewish family, friends of his aunt, to escape Hungary. Rotta was so impressed by his boldness, he recruited Baránszki to help save other Jews. Over nine weeks, before the Soviets surrounded Budapest, Baránszki orchestrated the rescue of over 3,000 Jews.
691:, a Swedish diplomat later credited with saving tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews from Nazi death camps. Baránszki collaborated with Wallenberg and arranged private, unofficial meetings between the Swedish diplomat and Papal Nuncio Angelo Rotta. Baránszki often led secretive meetings with diplomats including Wallenberg, Swiss Consul
829:
Gabor
Szekeres, the first person Baránszki saved, survived the war and married. His wife Agnes, whose parents were both murdered in the Holocaust, said of Baránszki, "He fought, and he was willing to sacrifice his life, for what he thought was right." The two families remain close to the present day.
744:
Rotta sent Baránszki to
Hegyeshalom with blank letters of protection. He freed hundreds of Jews, bringing them back to Budapest on a train. Acting as the Vatican representative, Baránszki paid for the upkeep of thousands of Jews living in the Vatican's protected houses. With the help of his aunt, who
670:
Baránszki wandered through the embassy until he found Rotta's office. No one questioned him wearing a priest's cassock. He persuaded Rotta to give him nine letters of protection, one for each member of the
Szekeres family. Encouraged by his success, Baránszki returned to Rotta a few days later to ask
379:
Baránszki was the son of Reszl Baránszki and Maria
Schelnader. His grandfather was born in Poland and after serving in the Polish army in Budapest, decided to stay. His father married Maria Schelnader and Tibor was raised in Budapest. His father's family had roots in Hungary dating back 700 years. He
804:
He remained in Italy where he married
Katalin Kőrösy on 8 July 1957. They started a school and camp for refugees, living in a refugee camp near Rome, Italy, for close to a year. In 1958 they obtained visas to Canada. They lived in Toronto before moving in 1961 to Buffalo, New York, where they raised
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If his deception was discovered, Baránszki would have been killed. He credited his deep
Catholic faith for the strength to ignore demands by Nazi officers that he stop working on behalf of Jews. When challenged with a gun to his head by a German officer about why he helped the Jews, he replied, "You
437:
As a result of the laws and cultural oppression, the
Sterneder and Szekeres families became even closer. The Third Jewish Law passed in 1941 prohibited sexual relationships between Jews and non-Jews and classified another 58,320 people as Jewish who did not profess Judaism. The census question about
360:
arrested again in 1948 for "clerical reaction" and in a show trial was sentenced to nine years in prison. He was released after Stalin's death in 1953. He left Hungary during the 1956 revolution and settled with his wife in New York, where both became U.S. citizens and educators and raised a family.
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during the last week of December. They arrested Baránszki on 30 December 1944 as they believed he supported the Nazis. He was sent on a forced march to a prison in Russia. He ate only four times in 16 days during the 160-mile (260 km) march. He believed he would have died if a religious Soviet
756:
He successfully won the release of dozens and hundreds of captive Jews again and again. He gave the Nazis and Arrow Cross officials meaningless but official-looking and lifesaving documents and used every other ploy he could imagine. He harbored about 3,000 Jews in the Vatican's protected sector of
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Baránszki persuaded another young man to act as his driver and brought along a few others. He used the car to impress the Germans. Disguised as a priest, the 22-year-old adopted a haughty, authoritarian demeanor. At the factory, the Nazis refused to open the gates, and Baránszki threatened to crash
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Katalin had been attending school to become a medical doctor in Hungary, but was kicked out of the university during the Communist-Stalinist period. Based on her education in biochemical pharmacology and biochemistry, she was given a United States visa that stated, “Very important person. Urgently
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In 1944, Baránszki was studying at a Catholic seminary near Košice (present-day Slovakia) to become a priest. He learned of Nazi extermination plans through church channels. He was forced to return to Budapest at age 22 on October 20, 1944, as the Russian army drew near. By then the city was under
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worked for a pharmaceutical company, he distributed medicine, extra food, and supplies to the hidden Jews. "I worked night and day and got very little sleep. Some days I didn't have a second to eat," he recalled. "Besides the grace of God ... I had some courage and some organizational abilities."
833:
In 1980, Baránszki was appointed by President Jimmy Carter to the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council where he helped guide the formation of the memorial. Hungarian Ambassador to the United States Dán Károly, presented Baránszki with the Hungarian Honorary Cross of the Order of Merit at his home in
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Baránszki was hospitalized and after the war ended, eventually made his way back to Budapest. He finished his studies and became a vicar in Drégelypalánk in Northern Hungary. When the Soviets took control of the government, Baránszki liked them no more than the Nazis. He was arrested in 1948 for
359:
Baranski was arrested by the Soviets on December 30, 1944, and sent on a 16-day, 160-mile (260 km) forced march towards a Soviet prison, during which he ate only four times. He was saved by a sympathetic guard and made his way back to Budapest. After he was hospitalized and released, he was
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Rotta was impressed that Baránszki spoke excellent German and had bluffed his way to the front of the line and into his presence. He recruited Baránszki to help protect Jews at risk of being sent to the death camps. Rotta provided Baránszki with letters of protection, baptismal, and immigration
663:'s embassy residence, the Vatican's representative in Budapest. It was one of five neutral country's embassies issuing "letters of protection", and the Swiss, Swedish, Spanish, Portuguese and Vatican embassies were swamped by long lines of people requesting help. Dressed in his priest's
606:
armies closed in on central Europe, the ability of the Nazis to devote themselves to Hungary's "Jewish Solution" waned. The Germans backed off from pressing Horthy's regime to continue further, large-scale deportations. Horthy's actions bought the Jews of Budapest a few months of time.
457:. The total population of its annexed territories in 1941 was 1,025,508, including 15,000 Jews. As of May 1941, 5.87% (861,000) of the entire Hungarian population of 14,669,129 were under Hungarian law considered Jewish. According to Jewish religious law, 4.94% (725,000) were Jewish.
1971:
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Two weeks later, Rotta appointed Baránszki as the executive secretary of the Vatican's Jewish Protection Movement in Hungary, serving as a direct emissary of the Papal Nuncio. As head of the Jewish Protection Movement, he soon met other neutral legations at
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over the entrance. Sterneder became active in an underground movement that helped Jews find hiding places and obtain false emigration documents. The Szekeres family fled into hiding, leaving their sick infant son Gabor Szekeres with the Sterneder family.
630:. The Germans forced Horthy to abdicate in favour of Szálasi, after which Horthy was taken into "protective custody" in Germany. Szálasi, leader of the Arrow Cross Party, was declared "Leader of the Nation" and prime minister of a "
721:
Rotta asked Baránszki to go the next day to a factory where nearly 50 Jews who had been baptized as Catholic were being held captive before deportation to Germany and almost certain death. Rotta offered to loan Baránszki a small
817:
Wallenberg vanished while in the custody of Soviet forces. Before he died, Baránszki was one of the last witnesses to the efforts to protect the Jews from the Nazis in Budapest. On January 11, 1979, he was named by
837:
Baránszki's adopted son Peter Forgach said people used to ask Baránszki how he could believe in God after all he witnessed. "These things happened, and there has to be a God to bring justice," Baránszki responded.
826:. Baránszki's aunt Margit Sterneder was also recognized as Righteous Among the Nations on January 11, 1979, and on July 16, 1997, Yad Vashem recognized Monsignor Angelo Rotta as Righteous Among the Nations.
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He boldly intercepted groups of Jews who were being deported to the death camps and using fake Vatican letters of protection, persuaded their guards to allow him to bring some prisoners back to Budapest.
737:
In October and November, Eichmann accelerated the program to annihilate the remaining Jews of Hungary before the Soviet Army captured Budapest. About 50,000 Jews were forced to march from Budapest to
710:
encouraging the work to save the Jews. Baránszki personally escorted individuals and families to hiding places, sometimes in secret rooms hidden within factories, and in the homes of other Catholics.
713:
Baránszki described Wallenberg's motivation as "divinely human love." "We knew in a second we shared the same opinion … the same recklessness, the same determination, all through," said Baránszki.
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A census beginning on January 31, 1941, counted a Hungarian population of 13,643,621. Based on the second anti-Jewish law, 6.2% (846,000) were considered Jewish. In April 1941, Hungary annexed the
400:
through church channels. As the Soviet army drew near Košice, Baránszki was forced to leave for Budapest, sometimes only a few miles from the front lines, and arrived there on October 20, 1944.
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Baránszki's aunt Margit Sterneder had become very close friends over several years with the Jewish family of Dr. Hedvig Szekeres through her work at the Chinoin pharmaceutical factory, in
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tight control of German forces. Baránszki lived with his aunt, who requested his help contacting Catholic church officials to ask them to intervene on behalf of the Szekeres family.
345:; June 11, 1922 – January 20, 2019) was a Hungarian-American man credited with saving more than 3,000 Hungarian Jewish women, men and children from the Nazis during the Holocaust.
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1290:
321:
615:
In October 1944, Horthy attempted to secretly negotiate a cease-fire with the Soviets and ordered Hungarian troops to lay down their arms. In response, Nazi Germany launched
1909:
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on the Austrian-Hungarian border in November 1944, where they would be transferred to German custody. From 6,000 to 10,000 Jews died of hunger, cold and disease en route.
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went to Hungary to oversee the large-scale deportations. Between 15 May and 9 July, Hungarian authorities deported 437,402 Jews. All but 15,000 of these Jews were sent to
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His only reward for the risks he took, he said, would come from God "if" he was deserving. "I only did what God demanded of me. I'm only a useless servant."
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and over the next few months Arrow Cross members conducted frequent raids during which groups of Jews were taken to the banks of the Danube and executed.
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When he was 22, he was forced by the advancing Soviets to leave his seminary studies and return to Budapest. He talked his way into the residence of
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guard had not taken mercy on him, preventing another guard from shooting him, and then moving him to a line of prisoners who received medical help.
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apartment complexes. Varying sources state he saved up from 7,000 to as many as 12,000 Jews. Baránszki was arrested by the Soviets on December 30.
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By June the Germans had organized a program to force Hungarian Jews into mini-ghettos. On June 15, 1944, they were ordered to move into
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1420:. Nicholas Horthy, Miklós Horthy, Andrew L. Simon, Nicholas Roosevelt (illustrated ed.). Simon Publications LLC. p. 348.
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certificates, and over the next 70 days Baránszki used them to save thousands of Jews in imminent danger of being murdered.
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555:
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558:, and 90% of those were murdered upon arrival. One in three of all Jews murdered at Auschwitz were Hungarian citizens.
2012:
1997:
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182:
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477:
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1140:
1842:
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1103:
1014:
1384:"Eavesdropping on Hell: Historical Guide to Western Communications Intelligence and the Holocaust, 1939-1945"
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are either silly or an idiot. It is because I am a Christian that I help the Jews." He received a call from
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was secretly attempting to negotiate a separate peace with the Allies. To prevent Hungary from leaving the
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Hungarians in America: A Biographical Directory of Professionals of Hungarian Origin in the Americas
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Freed from prison in 1953 after five years, Baránszki became a freedom fighter during the
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became chairman on 4 July 1953, Baránszki was granted amnesty, after 57 months in prison.
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1959:
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to prevent any Hungarian citizens from being deported. As the summer progressed, and the
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1981:
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997:"Erkölccsel terrorizáltam a gazembereket (I terrorized the blackguards with moral)"
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led the government to pass a series of anti-Jewish measures, emulating Germany's
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The Myth of Hitler's Pope: Pope Pius XII And His Secret War Against Nazi Germany
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Houses, approximately 2,000 single-building mini-ghettos identified by a yellow
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389:
1283:"Sean Kirst: He saved 3,000 Jews in World War II, now lives quietly in Buffalo"
17:
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586:, an avid supporter of the National Socialists, with the anti-Fascist General
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222:
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Jewish people stand in line to receive protective passports in front of the
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During his work with the Papal Nuncio, he saw two handwritten letters from
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1000:
935:
Holocaust Testimony of Tibor Baranski: Transcript of Audiotaped Interview
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69:
1244:
Payne, Stanley. "Fascism." Comparison and Definition, Madison (1980): 7.
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505:
1562:"'Death March' of 50,000 Hungarian Jews Described at Eichmann Trial"
1877:"Sean Kirst: Tale and video of a melody that lifted over Auschwitz"
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for another set of letters, this time for another Jewish family.
27:
Man who saved more than 3,000 Hungarian Jews during the Holocaust
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1389:. National Security Agency, United States Cryptologic History.
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Hungarian Jews walk towards the gas chambers and crematoria at
964:"Saying goodbye to quiet hero who saved thousands during WWII"
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Baránszki found a long line of people waiting for passes at
511:
was legalized and assumed power on 15 October 1944. Led by
363:
On January 11, 1979, Baránszki was recognized as one of the
1902:"Holocaust Memorial Council Appointed by President Carter"
371:. He was a member of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council.
1176:
The Geographic Encyclopedia of the Holocaust in Hungary
590:. Under the Lakatos regime, acting Interior Minister
1595:"Remembering A Holocaust Hero, 'Uncle Tibor' To Me"
1172:
A Magyarországi Holokauszt Földrajzi Enciklopediája
1104:"The Righteous Among The Nations - Baranski Family"
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1526:. 590: Wayne State University Press. p. 730.
858:
1627:"Tibor Baránszki 'Saviour of Thousands' Has Died"
992:Mandate paper of Baránszky issued by Papal Nuncio
1652:"Man who rescued Jews during Holocaust to speak"
1523:The Jews of Hungary:History, Culture, Psychology
1211:, Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest, 1982
1178:]. Vol. 1. Budapest: Park Publishing.
778:, was sentenced to nine years in prison. After
501:, ordering German troops into the country. The
396:) in 1943. He learned of the Nazi government's
857:Bognár, Desi Kégl; Szentpaly, Katalin (1971).
124:Saved more than 3,000 Jews during World War II
1870:
1868:
774:anti-Communist "clerical reaction," and in a
315:
8:
1730:
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894:"Oral History Interview with Tibor Baranski"
1722:Fredericksburg, MD August 29, 1989 page A-4
1141:"YIVO | Hungary: Hungary from 1918 to 1945"
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900:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
623:kidnapped Horthy's son and sent him to the
1966:Oral history interview with Tibor Baranski
1960:Oral history interview with Tibor Baranski
1737:"Citizen of the World: Tibor Baranski '80"
1488:"Fighting tyranny is difficult, dangerous"
1276:
1274:
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1270:
388:by 1938. He studied for the priesthood in
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144: 1957–2011)
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1688:"Erkölccsel terrorizáltam a gazembereket"
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2003:Hungarian emigrants to the United States
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489:In early 1944, Hungarian prime minister
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1486:Miller, Scott N. (September 30, 2004).
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230:
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1061:Raoul Wallenberg: The Mystery Lives on
888:
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2008:Hungarian Righteous Among the Nations
7:
1354:. Simon and Schuster. p. 87ff.
539:Mass deportations of Jews to German
163:Reszl Baránszki and Maria Schelnader
1198:Statisztikai szemle 1944 4-5, p. 96
535:in Birkenau, Poland on 27 May 1944.
703:to save Jewish lives in Budapest.
25:
1593:Lipman, Steve (23 January 2019).
1170:Braham, Randolph L., ed. (2007).
1015:"The Righteous Among The Nations"
155:Peter Forgach, Tibor Jr., Katalin
1686:Ádám, Kolozsi (1 January 2018).
191:
1912:from the original on 2019-01-29
1853:from the original on 2019-01-30
1823:from the original on 2019-01-30
1768:from the original on 2019-01-28
1698:from the original on 2018-01-01
1662:from the original on 2019-01-29
1633:from the original on 2019-01-28
1605:from the original on 2019-01-28
1568:from the original on 2017-07-14
1498:from the original on 2019-01-29
1452:from the original on 2018-01-01
1417:Admiral Nicholas Horthy Memoirs
1414:Horthy, Admiral Miklós (2000).
1396:from the original on 2016-03-04
1293:from the original on 2019-01-23
1151:from the original on 2019-01-28
1114:from the original on 2019-01-23
1025:from the original on 2017-08-27
974:from the original on 2019-01-21
904:from the original on 2016-07-02
141:
1281:Kirst, Sean (27 August 2017).
497:, on March 19, 1944, launched
422:History of the Jews in Hungary
1:
1875:Kirst, Sean (14 April 2018).
651:Gains Catholic church support
1936:Tárogató Hangján-Kistárogató
1758:"Baranski, Katalin (Korosy)"
1599:jewishweek.timesofisrael.com
1318:Wayne State University Press
632:Government of National Unity
517:Government of National Unity
1788:"Katalin Baranski Spangler"
1064:. iUniverse. p. viii.
865:. Afi Publication. p.
824:Righteous Among the Nations
578:In early July 1944, Regent
384:and became aware of rising
365:Righteous Among the Nations
172:Righteous Among the Nations
2039:
1382:Hanyok, Robert J. (2004).
1058:Rosenfeld, Harvey (2005).
962:Kirst, Sean (2017-08-27).
699:and Italian cattle trader
634:". Szálasi organised the
470:
464:
419:
380:was educated in Hungarian
2018:Hungarian Roman Catholics
1974:Profile of Tibor Baranski
1972:Holocaust Remembrance Day
1906:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1235:Holocaust Memorial Centre
642:Baránszki leaves seminary
426:Starting in 1938, Regent
39:
1546:: CS1 maint: location (
1348:Dalin, David G. (2012).
1145:www.yivoencyclopedia.org
994:(November 20, 1944) In:
932:Baranski, Tibor (1986).
523:Jews sent to death camps
1520:Patai, Raphael (1996).
761:Arrest and imprisonment
467:Hungary in World War II
765:The Soviets began the
574:Moderates regain power
536:
486:
461:Germans occupy Hungary
392:in 1940 and in Kassa (
342:
1658:. 29 September 2004.
898:collections.ushmm.org
687:. The group included
617:Operation Panzerfaust
530:
480:
465:Further information:
420:Further information:
412:, a Budapest suburb.
2023:People from Budapest
1226:Holocaust in Hungary
799:Hungarian revolution
636:International Ghetto
499:Operation Margarethe
473:Operation Margarethe
1629:. 24 January 2019.
1442:"Zsidók Budapesten"
1314:The Jews of Hungary
549:Obersturmbannführer
455:occupied Yugoslavia
398:extermination camps
2013:American educators
1998:American activists
1813:"Margit Sterneder"
1735:Tomlinson, Brett.
1720:The Frederick Post
1231:2011-06-09 at the
1207:Volume 3, p. 979,
628:concentration camp
611:Fascists take over
594:ordered Hungarian
556:Auschwitz-Birkenau
537:
515:, they formed the
487:
218:Seven Laws of Noah
100:Hungarian-American
1932:"Lelki testvérek"
1656:www.vaildaily.com
1533:978-0-8143-2561-2
1492:www.vaildaily.com
813:Legacy and honors
767:Siege of Budapest
695:, Spanish Consul
509:Arrow Cross Party
332:
331:
185:Among the Nations
177:
176:
89:Buffalo, New York
16:(Redirected from
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1938:(in Hungarian)
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1908:. 8 May 1980.
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1843:"Rotta Angelo"
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66:June 11, 1922
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19:
1940:. Retrieved
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1914:. Retrieved
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1896:
1884:. Retrieved
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1855:. Retrieved
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1825:. Retrieved
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1795:. Retrieved
1792:Linkedin.com
1791:
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1770:. Retrieved
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1740:. Retrieved
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1700:. Retrieved
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1607:. Retrieved
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1398:. Retrieved
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685:Chain Bridge
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661:Angelo Rotta
657:Papal Nuncio
654:
645:
614:
592:Béla Horváth
588:Géza Lakatos
584:Döme Sztójay
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560:
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407:
404:World War II
386:antisemitism
378:
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354:Angelo Rotta
350:Papal Nuncio
347:
334:
333:
83:(2019-01-20)
1993:2019 deaths
1988:1922 births
1886:11 February
739:Hegyeshalom
563:Yellow Star
541:death camps
483:Glass House
97:Nationality
1982:Categories
1968:transcript
1942:2 February
1916:28 January
1857:29 January
1827:29 January
1797:28 January
1772:23 January
1742:23 January
1717:By The Way
1702:23 January
1666:28 January
1637:2019-01-27
1609:2019-01-27
1572:2019-01-31
1502:29 January
1456:29 January
1400:2019-01-27
1367:22 January
1297:22 January
1155:25 January
1118:23 January
1077:25 January
1029:2017-08-27
978:2017-08-27
908:23 January
842:References
820:Yad Vashem
793:Later life
776:show trial
659:Monsignor
625:Mauthausen
547:began. SS-
416:Background
375:Early life
369:Yad Vashem
352:Monsignor
266:Lithuanian
232:By country
223:Yad Vashem
113:Occupation
62:1922-06-11
1542:cite book
784:Imre Nagy
782:died and
693:Carl Lutz
683:near the
596:gendarmes
582:replaced
533:Auschwitz
503:far-right
451:Muravidék
339:Hungarian
296:Ukrainian
271:Norwegian
261:Hungarian
183:Righteous
160:Parent(s)
72:, Hungary
1910:Archived
1851:Archived
1821:Archived
1766:Archived
1696:Archived
1692:index.hu
1660:Archived
1631:Archived
1603:Archived
1566:Archived
1496:Archived
1450:Archived
1391:Archived
1291:Archived
1229:Archived
1149:Archived
1112:Archived
1023:Archived
1001:Index.hu
972:Archived
902:Archived
390:Veszprém
382:Gymnasia
286:Romanian
246:Croatian
241:Austrian
152:Children
108:Baranski
70:Budapest
665:cassock
506:fascist
449:, and
447:Muraköz
291:Serbian
146:
138:
116:Teacher
1530:
1424:
1358:
1182:
1068:
873:
604:Soviet
600:Allied
443:Bácska
410:Újpest
394:Košice
276:Polish
256:German
168:Awards
129:Spouse
91:, U.S.
1962:video
1394:(PDF)
1387:(PDF)
1174:[
251:Czech
140:(
136:
1944:2019
1918:2019
1888:2019
1859:2019
1829:2019
1799:2019
1774:2019
1744:2019
1704:2019
1668:2019
1548:link
1528:ISBN
1504:2019
1458:2019
1422:ISBN
1369:2019
1356:ISBN
1299:2019
1180:ISBN
1157:2019
1120:2019
1079:2019
1066:ISBN
910:2019
871:ISBN
724:Opel
602:and
495:Axis
280:list
78:Died
52:Born
822:as
543:in
367:by
1984::
1934:.
1904:.
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1867:^
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519:.
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341::
142:m.
1946:.
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337:(
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316:t
309:v
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278:(
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60:(
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