659:. Fibrous cartilage has tensile strength and can resist pressure. Hyaline cartilage covers the surface along which the joints move. Collagen fibres within the articular cartilage have been described by Benninghoff as arising from the subchondral bone in a radial manner, building so called Gothic arches. On the surface of the cartilage, these fibres appear in a tangential orientation and increase the abrasion resistance. There are no blood vessels inside of the hyaline cartilage, the alimentation is performed per diffusion. Synovial fluid and the subchondral bone marrow serve both as nutrition sources for the hyaline cartilage. Lack of at least one source induces a degeneration. Cartilage will wear over the years. Cartilage has a very limited capacity for self-restoration. The newly formed tissue will generally consist of a large part of fibrous cartilage of lesser quality than the original hyaline cartilage. As a result, new cracks and tears will form in the cartilage over time.
2870:
2925:
2414:
693:, consist of connective tissue with extensive collagen fibers containing cartilage-like cells. Strong fibers run along the menisci from one attachment to the other, while weaker radial fibers are interlaced with the former. The menisci are flattened at the center of the knee joint, fused with the synovial membrane laterally, and can move over the tibial surface. The upper and lower surfaces of the menisci are free. Each meniscus have anterior and posterior horns that meet in the intercondylar area of the tibia.
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2622:
2634:
161:
559:. Behind, the synovial membrane is attached to the margins of the two femoral condyles which produces two extensions (semimembranosus bursa under medial head of the gastrocnemius and popliteal bursa under lateral head of the gastrocnemius) similar to the suprapatellar bursa. Between these two extensions, the synovial membrane passes in front of the two cruciate ligaments at the center of the joint, thus forming a pocket direct inward.
2079:
2889:
2127:. There are two menisci in the knee, the medial (inner) and the lateral (outer). When there is torn cartilage, it means that the meniscus has been injured. Meniscus tears occur during sports often when the knee is twisted. Menisci injury may be innocuous and one may be able to walk after a tear, but soon swelling and pain set in. Sometimes the knee will lock while bending. Pain often occurs when one squats. Small
2359:
1939:
become unwound during lateral rotation of the tibia. Because of the oblique position of the cruciate ligaments, at least a part of one of them is always tense and these ligaments control the joint as the collateral ligaments are relaxed. Furthermore, the dorsal fibers of the tibial collateral ligament become tensed during extreme medial rotation and the ligament also reduces the lateral rotation to 45–60°.
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Any kind of work during which the knees undergo heavy stress may also be detrimental to cartilage. This is especially the case in professions in which people frequently have to walk, lift, or squat. Other causes of pain may be excessive on, and wear off, the knees, in combination with such things as
1925:
is triggered in which the knee is rotated medially 5°. The final rotation is produced by a lateral rotation of the tibia in the non-weight-bearing leg, and by a medial rotation of the femur in the weight-bearing leg. This terminal rotation is made possible by the shape of the medial femoral condyle,
2548:
In addition to developing new surgical procedures, ongoing research is looking into underlying problems which may increase the likelihood of an athlete suffering a severe knee injury. These findings may lead to effective preventive measures, especially in female athletes, who have been shown to be
2069:
Physical fitness is related integrally to the development of knee problems. The same activity such as climbing stairs may cause pain from patellofemoral compression for someone who is physically unfit, but not for someone else (or even for that person at a different time). Obesity is another major
1991:
Age also contributes to disorders of the knee. Particularly in older people, knee pain frequently arises due to osteoarthritis. In addition, weakening of tissues around the knee may contribute to the problem. Patellofemoral instability may relate to hip abnormalities or to tightness of surrounding
1938:
In the flexed position, the collateral ligaments are relaxed while the cruciate ligaments are taut. Rotation is controlled by the twisted cruciate ligaments; the two ligaments get twisted around each other during medial rotation of the tibia—which reduces the amount of rotation possible—while they
601:
The articular branches from the obturator and tibial nerves supply the posterior knee capsule, with additional supply from the common fibular nerve and sciatic nerve; the tibial nerve innervates the entire posterior capsule; the posterior division of the obturator nerve and the tibial nerve supply
2454:
procedure to reduce chronic arthritic pain. Using radiofrequency energy delivered via small electrodes positioned at target genicular nerves, the treatment achieves partial sensory denervation of the joint capsule. Despite the extensive innervation of the knee, specifically targeting the superior
3060:, the "knee" is the joint between the femur and tibiotarsus, and also the patella (when present). The layman's term "knee" may also refer to the (lower and often more visible due to not being covered by feathers) joint between the tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus, which is homologous to the human
1973:
One form of patellofemoral syndrome involves a tissue-related problem that creates pressure and irritation in the knee between the patella and the trochlea (patellar compression syndrome), which causes pain. The second major class of knee disorder involves a tear, slippage, or dislocation that
512:
midpoints (i.e. located on a spiral). The resulting series of transverse axes permit the sliding and rolling motion in the flexing knee while ensuring the collateral ligaments are sufficiently lax to permit the rotation associated with the curvature of the medial condyle about a vertical axis.
2347:
can increase blood supply and promote healing. Most overuse injuries subside with time but can flare up if the activities are quickly resumed. Individuals may reduce the chances of overuse injuries by warming up prior to exercise, by limiting high impact activities and keep their weight under
1803:
The center of the transverse axis of the extension/flexion movements is located where both collateral ligaments and both cruciate ligaments intersect. This center moves upward and backward during flexion, while the distance between the center and the articular surfaces of the femur changes
917:
of the thigh. The extensors generally belong to the anterior compartment and the flexors to the posterior. The two exceptions to this is gracilis, a flexor, which belongs to the medial compartment and sartorius, a flexor, in the anterior compartment. Additionally, some muscles in the
2070:
contributor to knee pain. For instance, a 30-year-old woman who weighed 120 pounds (54 kg) at age 18 years, before her three pregnancies, and now weighs 285 pounds (129 kg), had added 660 pounds (300 kg) of force across her patellofemoral joint with each step.
523:
also serves an articular body, and its posterior surface is referred to as the trochlea of the knee. It is inserted into the thin anterior wall of the joint capsule. On its posterior surface is a lateral and a medial articular surface, both of which communicate with the
2614:
Both anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligaments (PCL) are hypointense on both T1 and T2 weighted images of MRI. However, some high signal striations are often seen at the distal part of the ACL, making ACL higher intensity than PCL on MRI scans.
2114:
and pain, walking may be painful and the knee will feel unstable. Minor tears of the anterior cruciate ligament may heal over time, but a torn ACL requires surgery. After surgery, recovery is prolonged and low impact exercises are recommended to strengthen the joint.
812:(which surrounds the patella) and the area connecting the patella to the tibia. This very strong ligament helps give the patella its mechanical leverage and also functions as a cap for the condyles of the femur. Laterally and medially to the patellar ligament, the
2109:
is the most commonly injured ligament of the knee. The injury is common during sports. Twisting of the knee is a common cause of over-stretching or tearing the ACL. When the ACL is injured a popping sound may be heard, and the leg may suddenly give out. Besides
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The lateral meniscus is smaller, more curved (nearly circular), and has more uniform thickness than medial meniscus (10mm). The lateral meniscus is less attached to the joint capsule, because its posterolateral surface is grooved by the
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The knee is the largest joint and one of the most important joints in the body. It plays an essential role in movement related to carrying the body weight in horizontal (running and walking) and vertical (jumping) directions.
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to the posterior intercondylar area. This ligament prevents posterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur. Injury to this ligament is uncommon but can occur as a direct result of forced trauma to the ligament.
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2666:
4538:"Does measurement of the anatomic axis consistently predict hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) for knee alignment studies in osteoarthritis? Analysis of long limb radiographs from the multicenter osteoarthritis (MOST) study"
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of the knee. If the tendon is completely torn, bending or extending the leg is impossible. A completely torn tendon requires surgery but a partially torn tendon can be treated with leg immobilization followed by
504:. These diverge slightly distally and posteriorly, with the lateral condyle being wider in front than at the back while the medial condyle is of more constant width. The radius of the condyles' curvature in the
2086:
In sports that place great pressure on the knees, especially with twisting forces, it is common to tear one or more ligaments or cartilages. Some of the most common knee injuries are those to the medial side:
1804:
dynamically with the decreasing curvature of the femoral condyles. The total range of motion is dependent on several parameters such as soft-tissue restraints, active insufficiency, and hamstring tightness.
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membrane separated by fatty deposits. Anteriorly, the synovial membrane is attached on the margin of the cartilage both on the femur and the tibia, but on the femur, it communicates with the suprapatellar
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Synovium lining the capsule and its bursae. The synovium also lines infrapatellar fat pad, the fat pad that lies below the ligamentum patellae. Synovium projecting into the fat pad as two foldings.
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2343:. These injuries often develop slowly over weeks or months. Activities that induce pain usually delay healing. Rest, ice and compression do help in most cases. Once the swelling has diminished,
1974:
impairs the structural ability of the knee to balance the leg (patellofemoral instability syndrome). Patellofemoral instability syndrome may cause either pain, a sense of poor balance, or both.
1793:
about a virtual transverse axis, as well as a slight medial and lateral rotation about the axis of the lower leg in the flexed position. The knee joint is called "mobile" because the femur and
4273:
784:(of Humphrey) stretch from the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to the medial femoral condyle. They pass anterior and posterior to the posterior cruciate ligament respectively. The
2710:
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594:
and sciatic nerves, and by the superior medial genicular nerve; and the inferomedial quadrant has innervation by the inferior medial genicular nerve and the infrapatellar branch of the
2650:
752:. The ACL is critically important because it prevents the tibia from being pushed too far anterior relative to the femur. It is often torn during twisting or bending of the knee. The
5844:
602:
the superomedial aspect of the posterior capsule; the superolateral aspect of the posterior capsule is innervated by the tibial nerve, and by the common fibular and sciatic nerves.
4315:
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4300:
624:
described above. Four considerably smaller bursae are located on the back of the knee. Two non-communicative bursae are located in front of the patella and below the patellar
586:; in the inferolateral quadrant, the inferior lateral genicular nerve and recurrent fibular nerves predominate; the superomedial quadrant is innervated by the nerves to the
5821:
4723:
4422:"Association between knee alignment and knee pain in patients surgically treated for medial knee osteoarthritis by high tibial osteotomy. A one year follow-up study"
2314:
Tendons usually attach muscle to bone. In the knee the quadriceps and patellar tendon can sometimes tear. The injuries to these tendons occur when there is forceful
5173:
2541:, patients having surgery for a torn ACL required at least nine months of rehabilitation, having initially spent several weeks in a full-length plaster cast. With
776:. It passes in front of the menisci. It is divided into several strips in 10% of cases. The two menisci are attached to each other anteriorly by the ligament. The
3235:"Flexion contracture of the knee: The mechanics of the muscular contracture and the turnbuckle cast method of treatment; with a review of fifty-five cases. 1932"
2789:
2769:
2729:
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728:
The ligaments surrounding the knee joint offer stability by limiting movements and, together with the menisci and several bursae, protect the articular capsule.
4358:
651:
surfaces can slide easily over each other. Cartilage ensures supple knee movement. There are two types of joint cartilage in the knees: fibrous cartilage (the
266:
5418:
2749:
5413:
2869:
843:. It is composed of three groups of fibers, one stretching between the two bones, and two fused with the medial meniscus. The MCL is partly covered by the
3807:"Distribution of sensory nerves supplying the knee joint capsule and implications for genicular blockade and radiofrequency ablation: an anatomical study"
2807:
5510:
1930:
and is caused by the stretching of the anterior cruciate ligament. Both cruciate ligaments are slightly unwound and both lateral ligaments become taut.
3540:
2542:
2924:
3912:
4265:
3335:"Tibiofemoral and Patellofemoral Kinematics After Reconstruction of an Isolated Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: In Vivo Analysis During Lunge"
2709:
2689:
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2455:
lateral, superior medial, and inferior medial genicular nerves has proved to be an effective ablation method for reducing chronic knee pain. In
5726:
4402:
4596:
Sabharwal, Sanjeev; Zhao, Caixia (2009). "The Hip-Knee-Ankle Angle in
Children: Reference Values Based on a Full-Length Standing Radiograph".
5721:
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242:
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is a major cause of pain and disability worldwide, with prevalence estimated at about 4% of the population, particularly among the elderly.
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3638:
The Netter collection of medical illustrations. Volume 6, Musculoskeletal system. Part II, Spine and lower limb: a compilation of paintings
4064:
828:
radiate into the lateral retinaculum and the medial retinaculum receives some transverse fibers arising on the medial femoral epicondyle.
5839:
4375:
Tandeter HB, Shvartzman P, Stevens MA (1 December 1999). "Acute knee injuries: use of decision rules for selective radiograph ordering".
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passes under it. It protects the medial side of the knee from being bent open by a stress applied to the lateral side of the knee (a
5788:
5755:
5693:
5283:
4288:
3640:. Iannotti, Joseph P., Parker, Richard D. (Orthopedist), Machado, Carlos A. G. (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders.
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870:. It is separate from both the joint capsule and the lateral meniscus. It protects the lateral side from an inside bending force (a
777:
126:
3845:
4650:"Genicular Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Painful Knee Osteoarthritis: Current Evidence and Future Directions"
555:
or recess and extends the joint space proximally. The suprapatellar bursa is prevented from being pinched during extension by the
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1917:, are taut. During extension, the femoral condyles glide and roll into a position which causes the complete unfolding of the
914:
836:
64:
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1966:. The majority of minor cases of knee pain can be treated at home with rest and ice, but more serious injuries do require
1308:
1057:
906:
785:
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through which it slides; and the medial and lateral tibiofemoral articulations linking the femur, or thigh bone, with the
261:
4004:
5778:
5446:
696:
Medial meniscus is bigger, less curved, and thinner. Its posterior horn is thicker (14mm) than the anterior horn (6mm).
181:
2232:. There is usually immediate pain and swelling, and a difficulty or inability to stand on the leg. The muscles go into
5783:
5582:
5428:
5405:
5356:
5332:
5314:
4479:
Cherian, Jeffrey J.; Kapadia, Bhaveen H.; Banerjee, Samik; Jauregui, Julio J.; Issa, Kimona; Mont, Michael A. (2014).
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2020:
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859:
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The pair of tibial condyles are separated by the intercondylar eminence composed of a lateral and a medial tubercle.
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5808:
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2014:
1951:
Lateral trauma to the knee can tear the medial collateral ligament, anterior cruciate ligament, and medial meniscus
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move over the tibia during rotation, while the femur rolls and glides over both menisci during extension-flexion.
53:
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1821:
1349:
1170:
992:
525:
79:
3846:"Anatomical study of the innervation of posterior knee joint capsule: implication for image-guided intervention"
704:
tendon, separating the meniscus from the capsule. The popliteus tendon is not attached to the lateral meniscus.
5525:
3763:"Anatomical Study of the Innervation of Anterior Knee Joint Capsule: Implication for Image-Guided Intervention"
2340:
1608:
1564:
1521:
960:
745:
556:
494:
225:
3961:
Kam CK, Chee DW, Peh WC (April 2010). "Magnetic resonance imaging of cruciate ligament injuries of the knee".
2888:
2459:, such treatment has been shown to produce about 50% less knee pain for up to two years after the procedure.
2060:
Sufferers sometimes feel as if their knees are about to give way, or may feel uncertain about their movement.
338:
as well as slight internal and external rotation. The knee is vulnerable to injury and to the development of
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1963:
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can easily confirm the injury and surgery will depend on the degree of displacement and type of fracture.
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886:
875:
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821:
273:
249:
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808:. It is also occasionally called the patellar tendon because there is no definite separation between the
422:, which is composed of three functional compartments: the patellofemoral articulation, consisting of the
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From an anterior perspective, the superolateral quadrant of the knee is innervated by the nerves to the
451:
60:
31:
2545:, such patients may be walking without crutches in two weeks, and playing some sports in a few months.
788:(or "coronary") stretches from inferior edges of the menisci to the periphery of the tibial plateaus.
93:
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in which the tibia is turned outward in relation to the femur, resulting in a knock-kneed appearance.
2088:
2032:
1977:
1861:
1829:
1697:
1512:
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583:
4406:
2407:. It is normally between 1.0° and 1.5° of varus in adults. Normal ranges are different in children.
5633:
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3018:
In humans, the term "knee" refers to the joints between the femur, tibia, and patella, in the leg.
2569:
2423:
1702:
1424:
1313:
844:
813:
621:
3041:, and elephants, the layman's term "knee" also commonly refers to the forward-facing joint in the
2845:
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originates on the apex of the head of the fibula to stretch proximally, crosses the tendon of the
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in which the tibia is turned inward in relation to the femur, resulting in a bowlegged deformity.
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2009:
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of the knee is an area that has recently been the subject of renewed scrutiny and research.
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hip joint: flexion, lateral rotation and abduction. Knee joint: flexion and medial rotation
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326:(patellofemoral joint). It is the largest joint in the human body. The knee is a modified
197:
4872:
5151:
4481:"Mechanical, Anatomical, and Kinematic Axis in TKA: Concepts and Practical Applications"
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4456:
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3284:"Occupational kneeling and radiographic tibiofemoral and patellofemoral osteoarthritis"
3283:
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Burgener, Francis A.; Meyers, Steven P.; Tan, Raymond K.; Zaunbauer, Wolfgang (2002).
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1988:(a frontal knee bursa) often brought about by occupational activity such as roofing.
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1327:
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1149:
1084:
1027:
979:
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The most muscles responsible for the movement of the knee joint belong to either the
579:
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which unites the two femoral condyles on the anterior side of the bone's distal end.
478:
201:
193:
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176:
4185:"Blood supply of the knee joint. A microangiographic study in children and adults"
100:
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The menisci act as shock absorbers and separate the two ends of bone in the knee
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and the exterior surface of the bony ridge which forms the iliac portion of the
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42:
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2403:, which is an angle between the femoral mechanical axis and the center of the
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1947:
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508:
becomes smaller toward the back. This diminishing radius produces a series of
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4561:
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4438:
4241:
4196:
3861:
3744:
3655:
3622:
3350:
1321:, lateral femoral artery, deep femoral artery, descending geniculate artery,
5190:
5076:
4955:
4792:
4120:
4049:
3467:
Chahla, Jorge; Moatshe, Gilbert; Dean, Chase S.; LaPrade, Robert F. (2016).
3452:
3101:
3022:
2589:
1995:
1959:
1955:
1527:
1403:
1259:
1210:
1160:
1099:
1042:
919:
701:
636:
466:
254:
17:
4673:
4625:
4579:
4522:
4465:
4388:
4184:
3982:
3869:
3830:
3786:
3494:
3417:
3368:
3319:
3300:
3260:
4690:
4204:
3694:
3384:"The effect of tibiofemoral loading on proximal tibiofibular joint motion"
1958:
is caused by trauma, misalignment, degeneration, and conditions producing
889:
on the medial side, from where it is direct laterally and proximally. The
712:
5186:
5084:
5004:
4839:
4772:
4701:
4665:
4609:
4536:
Sheehy L, Felson D, Zhang Y, Niu J, Lam YM, Segal N, et al. (2011).
3382:
Scott, Jacob; Lee, Ho; Barsoum, Wael; Van Den Bogert, Antonie J. (2007).
3131:
3038:
3030:
2336:
509:
2205:
1576:
Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius
148:
5019:
4965:
4911:
4901:
4787:
3042:
1967:
1786:
1722:
1650:
1555:
1541:
1392:
1230:
1181:
1131:
1093:
1066:
1036:
1009:
801:
740:. These ligaments are both extrasynovial, intracapsular ligaments. The
547:
520:
462:
423:
331:
323:
295:
4266:"Addressing patellofemoral pathology: Biomechanics and classification"
3669:
Reider, B; Marshall, J. L.; Koslin, B; Ring, B; Girgis, F. G. (1981).
685:
because they only partly divide the joint space. These two disks, the
477:) between the ages of three and five years. Because it is the largest
5034:
5009:
4950:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4877:
4817:
4797:
1755:
625:
552:
881:
Lastly, there are two ligaments on the dorsal side of the knee. The
279:
4289:"MRI for evaluating knee pain in older patients: How useful is it?"
4224:
Thieme Atlas of
Anatomy: General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System
3333:
Gill TJ, Van de Velde SK, Wing DW, Oh LS, Hosseini A, Li G (2009).
3219:
1738:
406:
398:
383:
374:
5469:
5182:
5114:
5094:
5044:
5024:
5014:
4970:
4916:
4906:
4892:
4849:
4777:
3061:
3050:
2237:
2233:
2216:
Knee fractures are rare but do occur, especially as a result of a
2204:
2124:
2077:
1946:
1737:
1627:
1483:
1225:
1176:
1126:
1003:
719:
711:
648:
435:
431:
405:
397:
319:
315:
311:
303:
291:
213:
188:
3067:
In insects and other animals, the term knee widely refers to any
2549:
especially vulnerable to ACL tears from relatively minor trauma.
2399:
The degree of varus or valgus deformity can be quantified by the
2131:
are treated conservatively but most large tears require surgery.
5460:
5119:
5109:
5029:
4882:
4864:
4782:
4767:
4762:
3282:
Rytter, Søren; Egund, Niels; Jensen, Lilli; Bonde, Jens (2009).
1603:
644:
620:
surround the knee joint. The largest communicative bursa is the
474:
5155:
4705:
1758:, surrounding the knee joint. There are six main branches: two
5198:
5124:
5089:
4996:
4834:
4829:
4812:
3805:
Fonkoué L, Behets C, Kouassi JK, et al. (December 2019).
3761:
Tran J, Peng PW, Lam K, Baig E, Agur AM, Gofeld M (May 2018).
2951:
2466:
2247:
2138:
307:
36:
4287:
Pill SG, Khoury LD, Chin GC, et al. (October 29, 2008).
4089:
Moore, Keith L.; Dalley, Arthur F.; Agur, Anne M. R. (2006).
2366:
There are two disorders relating to an abnormal angle in the
4648:
Conger A, Gililland J, Anderson L, et al. (July 2021).
4420:
W-Dahl, Annette; Toksvig-Larsen, Sören; Roos, Ewa M (2009).
4341:
Campbell, Willis C.; Canale, S. T.; Beaty, James H. (2008).
3844:
Tran J, Peng PW, Gofeld M, Chan V, Agur AM (February 2019).
1502:
Flexes knee, extends hip joint, medially rotates leg at knee
984:
Pulling the suprapatellar bursa during extension of the knee
926:, in addition to their primary function of moving the foot.
4316:"Sports injuries in weekend warriors: 20 Clinical pearls"
438:, the main bone of the lower leg. The joint is bathed in
2918:
Capsule of right knee-joint (distended). Lateral aspect.
2906:
Left knee-joint from behind, showing interior ligaments.
1926:
assisted by contraction of the popliteus muscle and the
1777:
The medial genicular arteries penetrate the knee joint.
4598:
The
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume
3675:
The
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
3601:
Color Atlas of Human
Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System
1962:. The most common knee disorder is generally known as
1806:
3469:"Posterolateral Corner of the Knee: Current Concepts"
3029:
joints between the femur, tibia, and patella, in the
1665:
1276:
933:
30:
This article is about the joint. For other uses, see
3434:
Differential
Diagnosis in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
322:(tibiofemoral joint), and one between the femur and
5857:
5830:
5807:
5769:
5746:
5739:
5702:
5679:
5656:
5646:
5609:
5581:
5572:
5536:
5468:
5459:
5427:
5404:
5397:
5370:
5264:
5255:
5197:
5075:
4995:
4986:
4891:
4863:
4753:
4739:
3729:(Third ed.). Elsevier Ltd. pp. 289, 292.
971:
Proximal extension of the joint capsule of the knee
361:is often considered with tibiofemoral components.)
260:
248:
236:
224:
212:
207:
187:
175:
170:
141:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4090:
2212:to examine possible fractures after a knee injury
4591:
4589:
4218:
4216:
4214:
3956:
3954:
3288:Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology
2082:Model demonstrating parts of an artificial knee
1386:, short head: lateral (common fibular) part of
493:The main articular bodies of the femur are its
4345:(11th ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby/Elsevier.
4151:
2448:Radiofrequency ablation of certain knee nerves
2236:and even the slightest movements are painful.
5167:
4717:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4131:
8:
4405:. MedLine Plus. 28 June 2016. Archived from
3963:Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal
3720:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3704:
2799:Knee MRI osteoarthritis (traverse PD TSE FS)
582:, and by the superior lateral genicular and
4485:Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
3911:. North Yorkshire Orthopaedic Specialists.
3756:
3754:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3037:. Also in quadrupeds, particularly horses,
2986:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2779:Knee MRI osteoarthritis (coronal T2 TSE FS)
2501:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2282:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2173:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2057:A painful, blocked, locked or swollen knee.
1620:Middle facet of the lateral surface of the
392:Lateral and posterior aspects of right knee
5743:
5653:
5578:
5465:
5401:
5261:
5174:
5160:
5152:
4992:
4724:
4710:
4702:
4189:Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
3568:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3239:Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
1772:recurrent branch of anterior tibial artery
862:(LCL a.k.a. "fibular") stretches from the
4643:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4569:
4512:
4455:
4437:
3943:
3934:Goldman, Lee; Schafer, Andrew I. (2012),
3484:
3407:
3358:
3309:
3299:
3250:
3006:Learn how and when to remove this message
2759:Knee MRI osteoarthritis (sagittal T1 TSE)
2739:Knee MRI osteoarthritis (sagittal TSE FS)
2521:Learn how and when to remove this message
2302:Learn how and when to remove this message
2193:Learn how and when to remove this message
835:(MCL a.k.a. "tibial") stretches from the
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
2438:Nerve block § Genicular nerve block
2357:
2074:Common injuries due to physical activity
4320:The Journal of Musculoskeletal Medicine
4293:The Journal of Musculoskeletal Medicine
4270:The Journal of Musculoskeletal Medicine
4259:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4251:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3671:"The anterior aspect of the knee joint"
3339:The American Journal of Sports Medicine
3169:
2884:
2841:
2617:
2409:
1921:. During the last 10° of extension, an
1363:which articulates with the back of the
878:(ALL) is situated in front of the LCL.
4365:About sports online portal. 2010-01-26
3473:The Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery
1913:, as well as the anterior part of the
922:provide weak knee flexion, namely the
277:
138:
3850:Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
3767:Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
3725:Ryan, Stephanie (2011). "Chapter 8".
3212:The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery
2331:Overuse injuries of the knee include
7:
4183:Shim, S. S.; Leung, G. (July 1986).
3513:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
3025:such as dogs, horses, and mice, the
2984:adding citations to reliable sources
2875:Knee X-ray (weight bearing, flexion)
2499:adding citations to reliable sources
2280:adding citations to reliable sources
2171:adding citations to reliable sources
885:is a radiation of the tendon of the
736:The knee is stabilized by a pair of
628:, and others are sometimes present.
485:process takes significantly longer.
65:adding citations to reliable sources
5419:posterior of the head of the fibula
4264:Afra R, Schepsis A (May 28, 2008).
3049:, which is homologous to the human
2584:Autologous chondrocyte implantation
1399:leg at knee (when knee is flexed),
1382:Long head: medial (tibial) part of
1319:superficial circumflex iliac artery
824:to the tibia. Some fibers from the
538:Articular capsule of the knee joint
165:Right knee seen from the right side
5481:medial of talocrural joint/deltoid
5414:anterior of the head of the fibula
4303:from the original on May 18, 2015.
4276:from the original on May 18, 2015.
4005:"ACL injury - Symptoms and causes"
3945:10.1016/b978-1-4377-1604-7.00513-3
3915:from the original on 23 April 2013
3148:unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
3117:Knee cartilage replacement therapy
2930:Anterior and lateral view of knee.
1754:help form the arterial network or
1713:Anterior branch of obturator nerve
716:Anterolateral aspect of right knee
25:
5511:lateral collateral of ankle joint
5284:Posterior meniscofemoral ligament
4099:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
4067:. MedicineNet.com. Archived from
3208:"Flexion contracture of the knee"
2101:Anterior cruciate ligament injury
2095:Anterior cruciate ligament injury
1905:With the knee extended, both the
782:anterior meniscofemoral ligaments
724:Anteromedial aspect of right knee
5596:plantar calcaneonavicular/spring
5279:Anterior meniscofemoral ligament
4689:
4343:Campbell's Operative Orthopedics
4031:Lexicon of Orthopaedic Etymology
3687:10.2106/00004623-198163030-00004
3543:from the original on 2013-03-15.
3400:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00803.x
3185:. Fusion Books. pp. 10–11.
2956:
2935:
2923:
2911:
2899:
2887:
2868:
2856:
2844:
2825:
2804:
2784:
2764:
2744:
2724:
2704:
2684:
2664:
2644:
2632:
2620:
2471:
2432:Chronic pain from osteoarthritis
2412:
2252:
2143:
2037:Considerable strain on the knee.
1460:Flexes knee, extends hip joint,
1039:of the hip (rectus femoris only)
382:
373:
159:
147:
41:
4065:"Definition of patellar tendon"
3811:Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy
2065:Overall fitness and knee injury
1984:is painful inflammation of the
897:, and passes into the capsule.
864:lateral epicondyle of the femur
52:needs additional citations for
5601:bifurcated (calcaneonavicular)
3727:Anatomy for diagnostic imaging
3153:Posterolateral corner injuries
1808:Maximum movements and muscles
1218:
1168:
1107:
1050:
837:medial epicondyle of the femur
442:which is contained inside the
1:
4426:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
4403:"Knee injuries and disorders"
3206:Kulowski, Jacob (July 1932).
2719:Knee MRI (traverse PD TSE FS)
2627:Knee MRI (PD TSE FS sagittal)
1309:Anterior superior iliac spine
1058:Anterior inferior iliac spine
814:lateral and medial retinacula
681:of the knee-joint are called
5727:interosseous cuneometatarsal
5447:Interosseous membrane of leg
4542:Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
4171:
4155:
3779:10.1097/AAP.0000000000000778
3252:10.1097/BLO.0b013e31815760ca
3218:(3): 618–663. Archived from
2699:Knee MRI (coronal T2 TSE FS)
1923:obligatory terminal rotation
1544:, specifically, nerve roots
590:and vastus intermedius, the
542:The articular capsule has a
5722:interosseous intercuneiform
5634:bifurcated (calcaneocuboid)
4172:Gosling et al. 2008, p. 266
4093:Clinically Oriented Anatomy
3097:Fibular collateral ligament
2863:Knee X-ray (weight bearing)
2580:Microfracture (Ice-picking)
2220:. Knee fractures include a
2021:Posterior cruciate ligament
1911:medial collateral ligaments
1768:descending genicular artery
1764:inferior genicular arteries
1760:superior genicular arteries
1721:of knee; adduction of hip,
860:lateral collateral ligament
754:posterior cruciate ligament
647:and makes certain that the
410:Articular surfaces of tibia
402:Articular surfaces of femur
359:fibular collateral ligament
5918:
5771:Intermetatarsal/metatarsal
4554:10.1016/j.joca.2010.09.011
4314:Andrish JT (May 8, 2009).
4226:. New York: Thieme. 2006.
3975:10.1016/j.carj.2009.11.003
3938:, Elsevier, pp. vii,
3823:10.1007/s00276-019-02291-y
3533:"Do babies have kneecaps?"
3142:Medial collateral ligament
3087:Articular cartilage repair
2679:Knee MRI (sagittal T1 TSE)
2659:Knee MRI (sagittal TSE FS)
2639:Knee MRI (T1 TSE sagittal)
2554:Articular cartilage repair
2435:
2370:at the level of the knee:
2107:anterior cruciate ligament
2098:
2015:Anterior cruciate ligament
1998:lesions can be caused by:
1919:tibial collateral ligament
1915:anterior cruciate ligament
1871:External rotation* 30–40°
1690:
1613:
1569:
1510:
1472:
1414:
1341:
1301:
1215:
1165:
1104:
1047:
989:
958:
891:arcuate popliteal ligament
883:oblique popliteal ligament
833:medial collateral ligament
742:anterior cruciate ligament
666:
609:
535:
29:
4497:10.1007/s12178-014-9218-y
3636:Netter, Frank H. (2013).
3146:Partial knee replacement
2354:Varus or valgus deformity
1893:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1479:Tuberosity of the ischium
1421:Tuberosity of the ischium
1350:tuberosity of the ischium
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
744:(ACL) stretches from the
272:
158:
146:
5748:Tarsometatarsal/Lisfranc
4439:10.1186/1471-2474-10-154
4034:. Taylor & Francis.
3936:Goldman's Cecil Medicine
3888:Encyclopaedia Britannica
3862:10.1136/rapm-2018-000015
3607:. pp. 26, 192–252.
3599:Platzer, Werner (2004).
3351:10.1177/0363546509341829
2341:iliotibial band syndrome
1876:(In order of importance)
1835:(In order of importance)
1609:Tibialis anterior muscle
1565:Tibialis anterior muscle
816:connect fibers from the
746:lateral condyle of femur
557:articularis genus muscle
426:, or "kneecap", and the
4028:Diab, Mohammad (1999).
3177:Chhajer, Bimal (2006).
3092:Chondromalacia patellae
1964:patellofemoral syndrome
1622:lateral femoral condyle
1430:Inferior gluteal artery
1370:Inferior gluteal artery
965:Distal end of anterior
806:tuberosity of the tibia
786:meniscotibial ligaments
758:medial condyle of femur
481:in the human body, the
414:The knee is a modified
5794:superficial transverse
5629:plantar calcaneocuboid
5538:Subtalar/talocalcaneal
5442:Posterior tibiofibular
4733:Human regional anatomy
4356:Knee pain and injuries
3301:10.1186/1745-6673-4-19
2942:Anterior view of knee.
2463:Surgical interventions
2363:
2339:, muscle strains, and
2213:
2083:
1952:
1868:Internal rotation* 10°
1743:
1582:(medial side, deep to
1365:lateral tibial condyle
1119:intertrochanteric line
876:anterolateral ligament
847:and the tendon of the
725:
717:
411:
403:
274:Anatomical terminology
182:Musculoskeletal system
5619:dorsal calcaneocuboid
5583:Talocalcaneonavicular
5521:posterior talofibular
5437:Anterior tibiofibular
5429:Inferior tibiofibular
5406:Superior tibiofibular
5385:Infrapatellar fat pad
5232:transverse acetabular
3437:. Stuttgart: Thieme.
2533:Before the advent of
2362:Hip-knee-ankle angle.
2361:
2208:
2081:
2027:Posterolateral corner
2002:Accidents (fractures)
1950:
1943:Clinical significance
1741:
1273:Posterior compartment
915:posterior compartment
841:medial tibial condyle
756:(PCL) stretches from
723:
715:
584:common fibular nerves
452:posterolateral corner
409:
401:
345:It is often termed a
32:Knee (disambiguation)
27:Leg joint in primates
5591:dorsal talonavicular
5516:anterior talofibular
5491:posterior tibiotalar
5470:Talocrural and ankle
4698:at Wikimedia Commons
4660:(Suppl 1): S20–S23.
4610:10.2106/JBJS.I.00015
4156:Gosling 2008, p. 273
3233:Kulowski, J (2007).
2980:improve this section
2539:arthroscopic surgery
2495:improve this section
2420:Hip-knee-ankle angle
2401:hip-knee-ankle angle
2276:improve this section
2167:improve this section
2119:Torn meniscus injury
2089:medial knee injuries
2033:Medial knee injuries
1978:Prepatellar bursitis
1830:Tensor fasciae latae
1826:some assistance from
1742:Arteries of the knee
1698:Inferior pubic ramus
1434:perforating arteries
1374:perforating arteries
465:is just formed from
430:on the front of the
310:and consists of two
61:improve this article
5809:Metatarsophalangeal
5486:anterior tibiotalar
4326:(5). Archived from
3033:, are known as the
2570:arthroscopic lavage
2424:prediction interval
2053:Common complaints:
1894:*(knee flexed 90°)
1809:
1662:Medial compartment:
1157:and stabilizes knee
768:stretches from the
766:transverse ligament
639:is a thin, elastic
622:suprapatellar bursa
4666:10.1093/pm/pnab129
4361:2009-12-11 at the
3388:Journal of Anatomy
2894:Cruciate ligaments
2599:PLC Reconstruction
2543:current techniques
2364:
2214:
2084:
1953:
1807:
1744:
1482:Medial surface of
1361:head of the fibula
1171:Vastus intermedius
1115:Greater trochanter
993:Quadriceps femoris
780:(of Wrisberg) and
750:intercondylar area
738:cruciate ligaments
726:
718:
643:that protects the
576:vastus intermedius
412:
404:
314:: one between the
5884:
5883:
5880:
5879:
5853:
5852:
5735:
5734:
5681:Cuboideonavicular
5642:
5641:
5574:Transverse tarsal
5455:
5454:
5393:
5392:
5237:acetabular labrum
5149:
5148:
5145:
5144:
4694:Media related to
4604:(10): 2461–2468.
3907:Gibbon, Anthony.
3817:(12): 1461–1471.
3537:HowStuffWorks.com
3345:(12): 2377–2385.
3192:978-81-8419-181-3
3179:"Anatomy of Knee"
3016:
3015:
3008:
2812:
2794:
2774:
2754:
2734:
2714:
2694:
2674:
2654:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2457:clinical research
2422:by age, with 95%
2312:
2311:
2304:
2226:avulsion fracture
2203:
2202:
2195:
2008:The removal of a
1986:prepatellar bursa
1901:Extended position
1898:
1897:
1816:Flexion 120–150°
1785:The knee permits
1731:
1730:
1659:
1658:
1506:Quadriceps muscle
1468:Quadriceps muscle
1410:Quadriceps muscle
1397:laterally rotates
1336:Quadriceps muscle
1265:
1264:
1239:patellar ligament
1235:tibial tuberosity
1190:patellar ligament
1186:tibial tuberosity
1140:patellar ligament
1136:tibial tuberosity
1075:Patellar ligament
1071:tibial tuberosity
1018:Patellar ligament
1014:tibial tuberosity
961:Articularis genus
810:quadriceps tendon
798:patellar ligament
657:hyaline cartilage
532:Articular capsule
444:synovial membrane
357:components. (The
288:
287:
283:
219:articulatio genus
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
5909:
5744:
5654:
5579:
5466:
5402:
5262:
5247:zona orbicularis
5176:
5169:
5162:
5153:
4993:
4924:Vertebral column
4726:
4719:
4712:
4703:
4693:
4678:
4677:
4645:
4630:
4629:
4593:
4584:
4583:
4573:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4516:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4459:
4441:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4383:(9): 2599–2608.
4377:Am Fam Physician
4372:
4366:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4330:on May 18, 2015.
4311:
4305:
4304:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4261:
4246:
4245:
4220:
4209:
4208:
4191:(208): 119–125.
4180:
4174:
4169:
4158:
4153:
4126:
4124:
4096:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4061:
4055:
4053:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3958:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3802:
3791:
3790:
3758:
3749:
3748:
3722:
3699:
3698:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3603:(5th ed.).
3596:
3545:
3544:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3488:
3464:
3458:
3456:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3411:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3362:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3313:
3303:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3254:
3231:Republished as:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3174:
3122:Knee examination
3011:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2991:
2960:
2952:
2939:
2927:
2915:
2903:
2891:
2872:
2860:
2848:
2829:
2814:
2813:
2796:
2795:
2776:
2775:
2756:
2755:
2736:
2735:
2716:
2715:
2696:
2695:
2676:
2675:
2656:
2655:
2636:
2624:
2526:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2506:
2475:
2467:
2416:
2381:valgus deformity
2321:physical therapy
2307:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2287:
2256:
2248:
2224:, and a type of
2222:patella fracture
2198:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2178:
2147:
2139:
1982:housemaid's knee
1928:iliotibial tract
1810:
1752:popliteal artery
1708:Obturator artery
1666:
1637:Popliteal artery
1599:Flexes knee and
1489:Profunda femoris
1462:medially rotates
1406:(long head only)
1378:popliteal artery
1277:
1219:
1169:
1110:Vastus lateralis
1108:
1051:
934:
895:popliteus muscle
826:iliotibial tract
822:medialis muscles
770:lateral meniscus
748:to the anterior
691:lateral meniscus
673:Lateral meniscus
572:vastus lateralis
526:patellar surface
489:Articular bodies
469:, and this will
386:
377:
330:, which permits
280:edit on Wikidata
163:
151:
139:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
5917:
5916:
5912:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5907:
5906:
5887:
5886:
5885:
5876:
5849:
5832:Interphalangeal
5826:
5803:
5799:deep transverse
5765:
5731:
5698:
5675:
5638:
5605:
5568:
5532:
5526:calcaneofibular
5451:
5423:
5389:
5380:Patellar tendon
5366:
5315:fibular/lateral
5251:
5193:
5180:
5150:
5141:
5071:
4982:
4887:
4859:
4749:
4735:
4730:
4686:
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4595:
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4587:
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4478:
4477:
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4419:
4418:
4414:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4363:Wayback Machine
4354:
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4212:
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4088:
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4022:
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3998:
3960:
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3928:
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3892:
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3702:
3668:
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3663:
3648:
3635:
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3615:
3598:
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3548:
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3526:
3517:
3515:
3507:
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3502:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3445:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3232:
3225:
3223:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3193:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3077:
3012:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2977:
2961:
2950:
2943:
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2931:
2928:
2919:
2916:
2907:
2904:
2895:
2892:
2883:
2876:
2873:
2864:
2861:
2852:
2849:
2840:
2833:
2830:
2821:
2815:
2805:
2800:
2797:
2785:
2780:
2777:
2765:
2760:
2757:
2745:
2740:
2737:
2725:
2720:
2717:
2705:
2700:
2697:
2685:
2680:
2677:
2665:
2660:
2657:
2645:
2640:
2637:
2628:
2625:
2612:
2607:
2527:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2492:
2476:
2465:
2440:
2434:
2427:
2417:
2393:varus deformity
2356:
2329:
2308:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2273:
2257:
2246:
2244:Ruptured tendon
2230:Segond fracture
2199:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2164:
2148:
2137:
2121:
2103:
2097:
2076:
2067:
2044:muscle weakness
1945:
1936:
1934:Flexed position
1903:
1889:Biceps femoris
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1878:Semimembranosus
1877:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1838:Semimembranosus
1836:
1827:
1825:
1813:Extension 5–10°
1783:
1736:
1719:medial rotation
1647:Medial rotation
1632:tibial condyles
1580:Tendo calcaneus
1522:lateral condyle
1475:Semimembranosus
1270:
1221:Vastus medialis
1217:
1175:Antero/lateral
1167:
1106:
1049:
932:
903:
887:semimembranosus
849:semimembranosus
818:vasti lateralis
794:
774:medial meniscus
734:
710:
687:medial meniscus
679:articular disks
675:
669:Medial meniscus
667:Main articles:
665:
634:
614:
608:
596:saphenous nerve
588:vastus medialis
568:
540:
534:
491:
428:patellar groove
396:
395:
394:
393:
389:
388:
387:
379:
378:
367:
284:
166:
154:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5915:
5913:
5905:
5904:
5899:
5889:
5888:
5882:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5874:
5869:
5863:
5861:
5855:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5847:
5842:
5836:
5834:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5824:
5819:
5813:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5775:
5773:
5767:
5766:
5764:
5763:
5758:
5752:
5750:
5741:
5737:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5708:
5706:
5704:Intercuneiform
5700:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5691:
5685:
5683:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5668:
5662:
5660:
5658:Cuneonavicular
5651:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5615:
5613:
5611:Calcaneocuboid
5607:
5606:
5604:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5587:
5585:
5576:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5552:
5542:
5540:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5501:tibionavicular
5498:
5496:tibiocalcaneal
5493:
5488:
5474:
5472:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5433:
5431:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5416:
5410:
5408:
5399:
5395:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5376:
5374:
5372:Patellofemoral
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5353:
5352:
5347:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5330:
5322:intracapsular:
5319:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5304:
5303:
5302:
5297:
5289:extracapsular:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5270:
5268:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5218:
5213:
5203:
5201:
5195:
5194:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5171:
5164:
5156:
5147:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5081:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5068:
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5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5001:
4999:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4974:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4953:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4941:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4898:
4896:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4869:
4867:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4765:
4759:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4685:
4684:External links
4682:
4680:
4679:
4631:
4585:
4528:
4471:
4412:
4409:on 2016-07-04.
4394:
4367:
4348:
4333:
4306:
4279:
4247:
4233:978-1588904195
4232:
4210:
4175:
4159:
4127:
4112:978-0781736398
4111:
4081:
4056:
4041:978-9057025976
4040:
4020:
3996:
3950:
3926:
3909:"Knee Anatomy"
3899:
3875:
3856:(2): 234–238.
3836:
3792:
3773:(4): 407–414.
3750:
3736:978-0702029714
3735:
3700:
3681:(3): 351–356.
3661:
3647:978-1416063827
3646:
3628:
3614:978-1588901590
3613:
3546:
3539:. 2009-02-19.
3524:
3500:
3459:
3444:978-1588900852
3443:
3423:
3394:(5): 647–653.
3374:
3325:
3274:
3198:
3191:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3112:Knee arthritis
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3082:Arthrofibrosis
3078:
3076:
3073:
3014:
3013:
2964:
2962:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2824:
2822:
2816:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2619:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2588:Osteochondral
2586:
2581:
2578:
2573:
2529:
2528:
2479:
2477:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2444:osteoarthritis
2433:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2418:
2411:
2397:
2396:
2384:
2355:
2352:
2328:
2325:
2310:
2309:
2260:
2258:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2201:
2200:
2151:
2149:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2129:meniscus tears
2120:
2117:
2099:Main article:
2096:
2093:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1980:also known as
1944:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1880:Semitendinosus
1873:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1846:Biceps femoris
1842:Semitendinosus
1833:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1782:
1779:
1748:femoral artery
1735:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:plantar flexes
1597:
1592:
1590:Sural arteries
1587:
1577:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1560:plantarflexion
1552:
1535:
1533:Sural arteries
1530:
1525:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1500:
1495:
1493:gluteal artery
1486:
1480:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1458:
1436:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1417:Semitendinosus
1413:
1412:
1407:
1390:
1380:
1367:
1357:
1352:, short head:
1346:
1344:Biceps femoris
1340:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1325:
1323:femoral artery
1316:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1246:
1244:Femoral artery
1241:
1228:
1223:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1202:
1197:
1195:Femoral artery
1192:
1179:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1147:
1145:Femoral artery
1142:
1129:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1087:
1082:
1080:Femoral artery
1077:
1064:
1055:
1053:Rectus femoris
1046:
1045:
1040:
1030:
1025:
1023:Femoral artery
1020:
1007:
1000:rectus femoris
996:
988:
987:
985:
982:
977:
975:Femoral artery
972:
969:
963:
957:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
931:
928:
902:
899:
868:head of fibula
793:
790:
733:
730:
709:
706:
664:
661:
633:
630:
610:Main article:
607:
604:
567:
564:
536:Main article:
533:
530:
506:sagittal plane
490:
487:
461:At birth, the
440:synovial fluid
420:synovial joint
391:
390:
381:
380:
372:
371:
370:
369:
368:
366:
363:
355:patellofemoral
347:compound joint
340:osteoarthritis
286:
285:
276:
270:
269:
264:
258:
257:
252:
246:
245:
240:
234:
233:
228:
222:
221:
216:
210:
209:
205:
204:
191:
185:
184:
179:
173:
172:
168:
167:
164:
156:
155:
152:
144:
143:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5914:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5860:
5856:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5829:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5814:
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5810:
5806:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
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5787:
5785:
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5780:
5777:
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5762:
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5751:
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5725:
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5709:
5707:
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5695:
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5690:
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5686:
5684:
5682:
5678:
5672:
5669:
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5664:
5663:
5661:
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5645:
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5608:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5584:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5539:
5535:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5509:
5506:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5458:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5400:
5396:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5369:
5363:
5362:anterolateral
5360:
5358:
5355:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5341:
5338:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5310:medial/tibial
5308:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5227:head of femur
5225:
5222:
5221:ischiofemoral
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5177:
5172:
5170:
5165:
5163:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4727:
4722:
4720:
4715:
4713:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4697:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4654:Pain Medicine
4651:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4581:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4532:
4529:
4524:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4475:
4472:
4467:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4416:
4413:
4408:
4404:
4398:
4395:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4371:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4352:
4349:
4344:
4337:
4334:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4310:
4307:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4283:
4280:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4229:
4225:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4085:
4082:
4071:on 2013-11-05
4070:
4066:
4060:
4057:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4033:
4032:
4024:
4021:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3997:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3937:
3930:
3927:
3914:
3910:
3903:
3900:
3889:
3885:
3879:
3876:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3840:
3837:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3728:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3665:
3662:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3643:
3639:
3632:
3629:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3479:(2): 97–103.
3478:
3474:
3470:
3463:
3460:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3427:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3378:
3375:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3329:
3326:
3321:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3278:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3222:on 2016-08-03
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3202:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3173:
3170:
3164:
3159:
3158:Reflex hammer
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3010:
3007:
2999:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2965:This section
2963:
2959:
2954:
2953:
2948:Other animals
2947:
2938:
2933:
2926:
2921:
2914:
2909:
2902:
2897:
2890:
2885:
2881:Illustrations
2880:
2871:
2866:
2859:
2854:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2818:Real-time MRI
2802:
2782:
2762:
2742:
2722:
2702:
2682:
2662:
2642:
2635:
2630:
2623:
2618:
2616:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2576:Mosaïc-plasty
2574:
2571:
2568:of the knee (
2567:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2525:
2522:
2514:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2480:This section
2478:
2474:
2469:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2431:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:coronal plane
2360:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2317:
2306:
2303:
2295:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2261:This section
2259:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2218:road accident
2211:
2207:
2197:
2194:
2186:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2152:This section
2150:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2080:
2073:
2071:
2064:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1942:
1940:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1900:
1892:
1888:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1862:Gastrocnemius
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1831:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1740:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1703:Pes anserinus
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1584:gastrocnemius
1581:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1513:Gastrocnemius
1511:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1498:Sciatic nerve
1496:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1425:Pes anserinus
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1388:sciatic nerve
1385:
1384:sciatic nerve
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1328:femoral nerve
1326:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1314:Pes anserinus
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1249:Femoral nerve
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1200:Femoral nerve
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1150:Femoral nerve
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:of the knee;
1091:
1088:
1086:
1085:Femoral nerve
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:of the knee;
1034:
1031:
1029:
1028:Femoral nerve
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1001:
997:
995:
994:
990:
986:
983:
981:
980:Femoral nerve
978:
976:
973:
970:
968:
967:femoral shaft
964:
962:
959:
935:
929:
927:
925:
924:gastrocnemius
921:
916:
912:
908:
900:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
845:pes anserinus
842:
838:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
800:connects the
799:
792:Extracapsular
791:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
762:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
732:Intracapsular
731:
729:
722:
714:
707:
705:
703:
697:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
674:
670:
662:
660:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
631:
629:
627:
623:
619:
613:
605:
603:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:sciatic nerve
577:
573:
565:
563:
560:
558:
554:
549:
545:
539:
531:
529:
527:
522:
517:
514:
511:
507:
503:
500:
496:
488:
486:
484:
480:
479:sesamoid bone
476:
472:
468:
464:
459:
455:
453:
449:
448:joint capsule
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
408:
400:
385:
376:
364:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
281:
275:
271:
268:
265:
263:
259:
256:
253:
251:
247:
244:
241:
239:
235:
232:
229:
227:
223:
220:
217:
215:
211:
206:
203:
199:
195:
192:
190:
186:
183:
180:
178:
174:
169:
162:
157:
150:
145:
140:
131:
128:
120:
117:February 2022
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
5867:Longitudinal
5789:interosseous
5624:long plantar
5564:interosseous
5507:
5477:
5398:Tibiofibular
5371:
5321:
5288:
5266:Tibiofemoral
5265:
5256:
5206:
5099:
4873:Adam's apple
4657:
4653:
4601:
4597:
4548:(1): 58–64.
4545:
4541:
4531:
4491:(2): 89–95.
4488:
4484:
4474:
4429:
4425:
4415:
4407:the original
4397:
4380:
4376:
4370:
4351:
4342:
4336:
4328:the original
4323:
4319:
4309:
4296:
4292:
4282:
4269:
4223:
4188:
4178:
4092:
4084:
4073:. Retrieved
4069:the original
4059:
4030:
4023:
4012:. Retrieved
4008:
3999:
3969:(2): 80–89.
3966:
3962:
3935:
3929:
3917:. Retrieved
3902:
3891:. Retrieved
3887:
3878:
3853:
3849:
3839:
3814:
3810:
3770:
3766:
3726:
3678:
3674:
3664:
3637:
3631:
3600:
3536:
3527:
3516:. Retrieved
3512:
3509:"Knee Joint"
3503:
3476:
3472:
3462:
3433:
3426:
3391:
3387:
3377:
3342:
3338:
3328:
3291:
3287:
3277:
3242:
3238:
3224:. Retrieved
3220:the original
3215:
3211:
3201:
3182:
3172:
3107:Genuflection
3066:
3055:
3035:stifle joint
3020:
3017:
3002:
2993:
2978:Please help
2966:
2613:
2563:Arthroscopic
2552:
2551:
2547:
2532:
2517:
2508:
2493:Please help
2481:
2441:
2419:
2400:
2398:
2386:
2374:
2365:
2350:
2330:
2313:
2298:
2289:
2274:Please help
2262:
2215:
2189:
2183:January 2022
2180:
2165:Please help
2153:
2122:
2104:
2085:
2068:
2052:
2040:
1994:
1990:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1954:
1937:
1922:
1904:
1802:
1784:
1776:
1745:
1734:Blood supply
1717:Flexion and
1661:
1660:
1642:Tibial nerve
1595:Tibial nerve
1558:of knee and
1538:Tibial nerve
1524:of the femur
1356:on the femur
1354:linea aspera
1272:
1271:
1123:linea aspera
991:
904:
880:
874:force). The
857:
830:
795:
763:
735:
727:
698:
695:
676:
635:
615:
600:
569:
561:
541:
518:
515:
492:
483:ossification
460:
456:
418:, a type of
413:
354:
351:tibiofemoral
350:
346:
344:
299:
289:
243:A01.1.00.036
218:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
18:Tibiofemoral
5649:intertarsal
5306:collateral
5216:pubofemoral
5211:iliofemoral
4009:Mayo Clinic
3884:"Cartilage"
3127:Kneecapping
3069:hinge joint
2566:debridement
2535:arthroscopy
2405:ankle joint
2376:Genu valgum
2316:contraction
2210:Radiography
1992:ligaments.
1687:Antagonist
1464:leg at knee
1348:Long head:
1298:Antagonist
1256:of the knee
1207:of the knee
955:Antagonist
612:Knee bursae
473:(change to
446:called the
416:hinge joint
328:hinge joint
208:Identifiers
153:Human knees
5891:Categories
5872:Transverse
5845:collateral
5822:collateral
5357:transverse
5291:popliteal
5040:Fingernail
4432:(1): 154.
4101:. p.
4075:2008-12-11
4014:2022-12-30
3919:6 February
3893:2021-06-23
3518:2021-06-22
3226:2015-05-08
3165:References
3027:homologous
3023:quadrupeds
2851:Knee X-ray
2594:Allografts
2452:outpatient
2436:See also:
2388:Genu varum
2345:heat packs
2333:tendonitis
2048:overweight
1886:Popliteus
1822:Quadriceps
1630:under the
1626:Posterior
1096:of the hip
1062:acetabulum
302:joins the
294:and other
87:newspapers
5550:posterior
5333:posterior
5324:cruciate
5191:human leg
5187:ligaments
4956:Genitalia
4618:0021-9355
4562:1063-4584
4505:1935-973X
4448:1471-2474
4242:474717189
4197:0009-921X
3745:729966424
3656:821699791
3623:727951508
3183:Knee Pain
3102:Geniculum
3039:ungulates
2996:July 2019
2967:does not
2590:Autograft
2556:treatment
2511:July 2019
2482:does not
2348:control.
2292:July 2019
2263:does not
2228:called a
2154:does not
2135:Fractures
1996:Cartilage
1960:arthritis
1956:Knee pain
1884:Sartorius
1858:Popliteus
1854:Sartorius
1791:extension
1675:Insertion
1616:Popliteus
1572:Plantaris
1540:from the
1528:Calcaneus
1404:hip joint
1395:of knee,
1338:(partly)
1304:Sartorius
1286:Insertion
1260:Hamstring
1254:Extension
1211:Hamstring
1205:Extension
1161:Hamstring
1100:Hamstring
1090:Extension
1043:Hamstring
1033:Extension
998:Combined
943:Insertion
930:Extensors
920:lower leg
778:posterior
708:Ligaments
702:popliteus
637:Cartilage
632:Cartilage
616:Numerous
592:obturator
467:cartilage
365:Structure
336:extension
306:with the
198:obturator
5546:anterior
5508:lateral:
5328:anterior
5085:Buttocks
5005:Shoulder
4840:Mandible
4773:Forehead
4674:34308957
4626:19797583
4580:20950695
4523:24671469
4466:19995425
4389:10605994
4359:Archived
4301:Archived
4274:Archived
4125:, p. 194
4121:57202439
4054:, p. 200
4050:43779363
3991:40819119
3983:20110155
3913:Archived
3870:30700618
3831:31338537
3787:29557887
3541:Archived
3495:27200384
3457:, p. 390
3453:48983197
3418:17764523
3369:19726621
3320:19594940
3261:17975372
3245:: 4–10.
3137:Knésetja
3132:Kneeling
3075:See also
3031:hind leg
2337:bursitis
2112:swelling
2010:meniscus
2005:Injuries
1968:surgical
1882:Gracilis
1850:Gracilis
1798:meniscus
1781:Function
1770:and the
1750:and the
1693:Gracilis
1237:via the
1188:via the
1138:via the
1073:via the
1016:via the
907:anterior
855:force).
689:and the
653:meniscus
544:synovial
510:involute
502:condyles
296:primates
5840:plantar
5817:plantar
5779:plantar
5756:plantar
5712:plantar
5689:plantar
5666:plantar
5647:Distal
5555:lateral
5478:medial:
5350:lateral
5340:menisci
5300:arcuate
5295:oblique
5274:Capsule
5242:capsule
5207:femoral
5189:of the
5130:Toenail
5020:Forearm
4966:Scrotum
4912:Midriff
4902:Abdomen
4895:(Trunk)
4845:Occiput
4788:Eyebrow
4571:3038654
4514:4092202
4457:2796991
4205:3522019
3695:7204430
3486:4852053
3409:2375777
3360:3832057
3311:2726153
3269:9932906
3043:foreleg
2988:removed
2973:sources
2832:Knee MR
2605:Imaging
2503:removed
2488:sources
2327:Overuse
2284:removed
2269:sources
2175:removed
2160:sources
1907:lateral
1795:lateral
1787:flexion
1725:of hip,
1723:flexion
1653:of knee
1651:flexion
1586:tendon)
1556:flexion
1542:sciatic
1439:Sciatic
1401:extends
1393:Flexion
1268:Flexors
1231:Patella
1182:Patella
1155:Extends
1132:Patella
1125:of the
1094:flexion
1067:Patella
1037:flexion
1010:Patella
1006:muscles
901:Muscles
866:to the
839:to the
804:to the
802:patella
772:to the
683:menisci
663:Menisci
548:fibrous
521:patella
495:lateral
463:kneecap
424:patella
349:having
332:flexion
324:patella
231:D007717
202:sciatic
194:Femoral
171:Details
101:scholar
5902:Joints
5859:Arches
5784:dorsal
5761:dorsal
5717:dorsal
5694:dorsal
5671:dorsal
5559:medial
5345:medial
5183:Joints
5065:Little
5055:Middle
5035:Finger
5010:Axilla
4951:Pelvis
4944:Nipple
4939:Breast
4934:Thorax
4878:Throat
4855:Temple
4818:Tongue
4798:Eyelid
4672:
4624:
4616:
4578:
4568:
4560:
4521:
4511:
4503:
4464:
4454:
4446:
4387:
4299:(11).
4240:
4230:
4203:
4195:
4119:
4109:
4048:
4038:
3989:
3981:
3868:
3829:
3785:
3743:
3733:
3693:
3654:
3644:
3621:
3611:
3605:Thieme
3493:
3483:
3451:
3441:
3416:
3406:
3367:
3357:
3318:
3308:
3294:: 19.
3267:
3259:
3189:
3047:carpus
3045:, the
2820:- Knee
2450:is an
2238:X-rays
2029:injury
2023:injury
2017:injury
1970:care.
1766:, the
1762:, two
1756:plexus
1684:Action
1678:Artery
1672:Origin
1669:Muscle
1554:Minor
1518:Medial
1443:tibial
1295:Action
1289:Artery
1283:Origin
1280:Muscle
1121:, and
1004:vastus
952:Action
946:Artery
940:Origin
937:Muscle
911:medial
853:valgus
655:) and
641:tissue
626:tendon
618:bursae
606:Bursae
578:, the
566:Nerves
546:and a
499:medial
471:ossify
450:. The
312:joints
298:, the
292:humans
177:System
103:
96:
89:
82:
76:"Knee"
74:
5740:Other
5115:Ankle
5095:Thigh
5050:Index
5045:Thumb
5025:Wrist
5015:Elbow
4988:Limbs
4971:Vulva
4961:Penis
4917:Navel
4907:Waist
4893:Torso
4850:Scalp
4823:Tooth
4808:Mouth
4778:Cheek
3987:S2CID
3265:S2CID
3062:ankle
3058:birds
3051:wrist
2838:X-ray
2442:Knee
2391:is a
2379:is a
2234:spasm
2125:joint
1824:(with
1681:Nerve
1628:tibia
1484:tibia
1292:Nerve
1226:Femur
1177:femur
1127:femur
949:Nerve
872:varus
649:joint
553:bursa
436:tibia
432:femur
320:tibia
316:femur
304:thigh
278:[
267:24974
214:Latin
189:Nerve
108:JSTOR
94:books
5897:Knee
5461:Foot
5257:Knee
5185:and
5135:Sole
5120:Heel
5110:Foot
5105:Calf
5100:Knee
5060:Ring
5030:Hand
4978:Anus
4929:Back
4883:Nape
4865:Neck
4803:Nose
4783:Chin
4768:Face
4763:Hair
4755:Head
4747:Skin
4741:Body
4696:Knee
4670:PMID
4622:PMID
4614:ISSN
4576:PMID
4558:ISSN
4519:PMID
4501:ISSN
4462:PMID
4444:ISSN
4385:PMID
4238:OCLC
4228:ISBN
4201:PMID
4193:ISSN
4117:OCLC
4107:ISBN
4046:OCLC
4036:ISBN
3979:PMID
3921:2013
3866:PMID
3827:PMID
3783:PMID
3741:OCLC
3731:ISBN
3691:PMID
3652:OCLC
3642:ISBN
3619:OCLC
3609:ISBN
3491:PMID
3449:OCLC
3439:ISBN
3414:PMID
3365:PMID
3316:PMID
3257:PMID
3187:ISBN
2971:any
2969:cite
2592:and
2537:and
2486:any
2484:cite
2267:any
2265:cite
2158:any
2156:cite
2105:The
2046:and
1909:and
1828:the
1789:and
1746:The
1649:and
1604:foot
1520:and
1359:The
1233:and
1184:and
1134:and
1069:and
1012:and
1002:and
858:The
831:The
820:and
796:The
764:The
677:The
671:and
645:bone
574:and
519:The
497:and
475:bone
353:and
334:and
318:and
300:knee
238:TA98
226:MeSH
142:Knee
80:news
5199:Hip
5125:Toe
5090:Hip
5077:Leg
4997:Arm
4835:Jaw
4830:Ear
4813:Lip
4793:Eye
4662:doi
4606:doi
4566:PMC
4550:doi
4509:PMC
4493:doi
4452:PMC
4434:doi
4103:594
3971:doi
3940:doi
3858:doi
3819:doi
3775:doi
3683:doi
3481:PMC
3404:PMC
3396:doi
3392:211
3355:PMC
3347:doi
3306:PMC
3296:doi
3247:doi
3243:464
3056:In
3021:In
2982:by
2610:MRI
2497:by
2278:by
2169:by
913:or
308:leg
290:In
262:FMA
255:161
250:TA2
63:by
5893::
4668:.
4658:22
4656:.
4652:.
4634:^
4620:.
4612:.
4602:91
4600:.
4588:^
4574:.
4564:.
4556:.
4546:19
4544:.
4540:.
4517:.
4507:.
4499:.
4487:.
4483:.
4460:.
4450:.
4442:.
4430:10
4428:.
4424:.
4381:60
4379:.
4324:26
4322:.
4318:.
4297:25
4295:.
4291:.
4272:.
4268:.
4250:^
4236:.
4213:^
4199:.
4187:.
4162:^
4130:^
4115:.
4105:.
4097:.
4044:.
4007:.
3985:.
3977:.
3967:61
3965:.
3953:^
3886:.
3864:.
3854:44
3852:.
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3813:.
3809:.
3795:^
3781:.
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3689:.
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3535:.
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3471:.
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3412:.
3402:.
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3255:.
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3237:.
3216:14
3214:.
3210:.
3181:.
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2558::
2335:,
2323:.
2091:.
2050:.
1832:)
1774:.
1550:S2
1548:,
1546:S1
1491:,
1455:S2
1453:,
1451:S1
1449:,
1447:L5
1445:,
1432:,
1376:,
1372:,
1117:,
909:,
598:.
342:.
200:,
196:,
5557:/
5548:/
5223:)
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5168:t
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4628:.
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3993:.
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2990:.
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